耐热钢T91与G102的异种钢炉管焊接修复

某发电厂新旧炉管进行更换，材质为T91钢与G102钢异种钢的焊接，我们通过对材料焊接性能分析，依据相关规范，焊接工艺确定采用氩弧焊。通过焊接试验和施工，该工艺焊接接头等各项性能指标全部合格，为同类接头的焊接提供了经验参考。     

T91／P91钢管焊接接头的超声波探伤

通过对T91／P91钢中声速的理论计算和实际测试,利用声波的反射规律和运用几何关系,计算了常用不同K值探头在对T91／P91钢进行超声波探伤中的K值变化、深度和水平距离的差异。用常用探头和普通试块即可完成T91／P91钢管焊接接头以及与T91／P91钢对接的普通低合金钢焊接接头的超声波探伤。     

焊丝成分对T91/316L异种钢焊接接头微观组织和力学性能的影响

T91马氏体钢与316L奥氏体钢异种钢的焊接主要应用于超超临界机组(USC)和核电领域中的加速器驱动次临界洁净核能系统(ADS)。本研究采用ER309L、ER316L和ERNiCr-3三种不同的焊丝,使用钨极氩弧(TIG)焊对T91马氏体不锈钢和316L奥氏体不锈钢进行了焊接,并对焊接接头进行了微观组织和力学性能分析,同时研究了焊后热处理对焊接接头的影响规律。研究结果表明,使用三种焊丝获得的焊缝的微观组织都是粗大的奥氏体枝晶,且其枝晶的晶粒垂直于熔合线往焊缝中心生长。焊态下焊接接头拉伸试样在T91侧的粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)发生脆性断裂,经过焊后热处理(750 ℃/1 h)的焊接拉伸试样的韧性断裂均发生在316L母材处,且抗拉强度显著上升,这表明焊后热处理能够提高T91/316L异种钢焊接接头的拉伸性能。在未焊后热处理状态下,使用ERNiCr-3焊丝获得的焊接接头焊缝的冲击性能优于其他焊丝。焊态下焊接接头硬度在T91侧熔合线处显著升高,而焊后热处理后T91侧熔合线处的硬度凸起几乎消失。     

T92/Super304H异种钢焊接接头的性能研究

根据新型耐热钢T92和Super304H钢的焊接特点制定了适宜的焊接工艺,研究了焊制的T92/Su-per304H异种钢焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明,T92/Super304H异种钢接头的各项力学性均能满足使用要求。焊缝金属的韧性远低于T92钢侧热影响区,焊缝金属的结晶形态对焊缝韧性有很大的影响。焊接接头中焊缝金属的硬度值最高,而T92钢侧热影响区硬度最低,并且不同热影响区部位显微硬度变化较大,Super304H钢侧热影响区硬度变化不大。     

高温过热器T91/TP347H异种钢焊接接头断裂失效分析

某电厂超临界火电锅炉的高温过热器管在服役约4×10~4 h后,T91/TP347H异种钢焊接接头T91钢管侧出现环向断裂事故。通过宏观检查、结构分析、化学成分分析、金相检验及硬度测试等方法,对该焊接接头断裂失效的原因进行了分析。结果表明:焊接接头的T91钢管侧内壁车削后的厚度小于钢管的最小需要壁厚,该处钢管过量车削后的结构造成的工质流动变化引起了局部超温,材料加速老化,钢管强度下降;T91钢管侧热影响区由于强度不足而发生胀粗,产生蠕变裂纹,裂纹在轴向应力的作用下不断扩展,最终引起钢管环向断裂。     

13MnNiMoNbR与00Cr19Ni10异种钢焊接接头的组织与性能

首先将H309L焊丝堆焊在13MnNiMoNbR钢板坡口上,再将堆焊后的13MnNiMoNbR钢板与00Cr19Ni10钢板用H308L焊丝填充焊接,得到了13MnNiMoNbR与00Cr19Ni10异种钢焊接接头,并对接头的显微组织及硬度进行了分析。结果表明：13MnNiMoNbR钢板侧熔合线附近出现了粗大的铁素体组织,形成脱碳层,而H309L焊缝侧的奥氏体堆焊层熔合线附近出现了黑色的非常细小的碳化物析出层;由于碳化物的析出或是固溶碳,使H309L焊缝侧增碳层处的硬度明显升高。     

疲劳裂纹在奥氏体/铁素体异种钢焊接接头中的扩展行为

采用三点弯曲试样研究了疲劳裂纹在奥氏体/铁素体异种钢焊接接头中的扩展行为与显微组织的关系,测得疲劳裂纹在Cr25Ni13/13CrMo44异种钢焊接接头中的扩展速率da/dN,并且讨论了疲劳裂纹扩展与显微组织之间的关系。实验结果表明,疲劳裂纹在异种钢焊接接头熔合区中扩展的路径,是接头中韧性最低的热影响区过热区,裂纹在铁素体材料侧,跟随熔合线并平行于熔合线5～25μm扩展,而马氏体层对疲劳裂纹有较大的抗力,疲劳裂纹的扩展路径主要受组织韧性的控制。疲劳裂纹在Cr25Ni13/13CrMo44异种钢接头的扩展速率为：da/dN=7.07×10-13(△K)3.863。     

T91/P91钢焊接工艺及参数的优化

T91／P91钢广泛用于锅炉过热器、主蒸汽及再热器管道。各电厂、施工单位对其进行了焊接工艺评定试验,总的说来大同小异,虽说工艺方案己基本运用成熟,但其焊接工艺及参数还有待进一步优化。     

Microstructural Evolution on the T91 Dissimilar Metal Joints during Creep Rupture Tests

T91 steel is one of the new materials presently employed in power plant pipe components. The creep rupture strength and microstructure of the T91+10CrMo910 and T91+13CrMo44 welded joints were analyzed during creep rupture tests. Creep transgranular ductile rupture occurred at the 10CrMo910 matrix in the T91+10CrMo910 welded joints and creep intergranular brittle rupture occurred at the 13CrMo44 HAZ in the T91+13CrMo44 joints. Microhardness measurements showed high hardness at the heat affected zone (HAZ) of T91 and a sharply drop at the 13CrMo44 HAZ during creep rupture. The metallographic tests showed that no obvious microstructure degradation was observed in the 10CrMo910 HAZ and matrix, while creep cracks appeared at the 13CrMo44 HAZ. T91 steel had relatively high creep resistant strength in the welded joints tested. Recovery occurred in the T91 HAZ with the growth of subgrain size and the decrease of dislocation density during creep. It was concluded that the dissimilar joints of T91 and low alloy h     

Microstructure and Fracture Morphology in the Welding Zone of T91 Heat—resisting Steel Used in Power Station

Microstructure performance in the welding zone of T91 heat-resistant steel under the condition of TIG welding was researched by means of metallography, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental results indicated that microstructure of T91 weld metal was austenite + a little amount of S ferrite when using TGS-9cb filler wire. Substructure inside the austenite grain was crypto-crystal lath martensite, on which some Cr23C6 blocky carbides were distributed. The maximum hardness (HRC44) in the welding zone is near the fusion zone. There existed no obvious softening zone in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). For T91 steel tube of $63 mmx5 mm, when increasing welding heat input (E) from 4.8 kJ/cm to 12 5 kJ/cm, fracture morphology in the fusion zone and the HAZ changed from dimple fracture into quasi-cleavage fracture (QC). Controlling the welding heat input of about 9.8 kJ/cm is suitable in the welding of T91 heat-resistant steel.     

超临界锅炉末级过热器T91钢管爆管原因分析及预防措施

对某超临界锅炉末级过热器T91钢管的爆管原因进行了分析。结果表明:该T91钢管爆管是由于管内壁偏厚的氧化皮剥落,在下弯头处堆积造成管内介质流量减少,引起钢管过热所致。针对该问题,通过对T91等铁素体锅炉钢管进行内壁氧化皮厚度测量,并根据测量结果采取相应措施,可大大减少或避免由于氧化皮剥落、堆积而引起的爆管事故。     

9Cr2Mo钢转向辊调质开裂原因分析

通过化学成分分析、宏观和微观检验对9Cr2Mo钢辊身近端部纵向开裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明：材料化学成分超标、内裂纹的存在、原始组织晶粒粗细差异都对裂纹的形成产生了直接影响。最后根据分析结果制订了改进措施。