4种芦荟的物理性质及多糖含量的测定

对库拉索芦荟、斑纹芦荟、木立芦荟、开普芦荟的物理性质、化学组分进行了比较性研究。结果表明 ,4种芦荟全叶汁及凝胶汁密度顺序为 ,开普芦荟 >木立芦荟 >库拉索芦荟≈斑纹芦荟 ,pH值在 4 2 4～ 5 2 5之间 ,显酸性 ,其中斑纹芦荟和开普芦荟的全叶汁的酸性高于凝胶汁 ,库拉索芦荟和木立芦荟的全叶汁的碱性高于凝胶汁。对 4种芦荟粘度随温度的变化规律及粘度特性进行了测定 ,它们的粘度顺序为 :斑纹芦荟 >库拉索芦荟 开普芦荟≈木立芦荟。探索出不同种芦荟多糖适宜的测定方法 ,并对 4种芦荟的总糖和多糖进行了测定。结果表明 ,总糖的含量顺序为 ,斑纹芦荟≈木立芦荟 库拉索芦荟≈开普芦荟 ,多糖的含量顺序为 ,斑纹芦荟 >库拉索芦荟 木立芦荟≈开普芦荟 ,且多糖含量与其粘度顺序一致     

芦荟加工过程中芦荟多糖变化研究

芦荟在加工过程中,芦荟多糖的含量不断变化,导致芦荟粉中的芦荟多糖含量较低.针对芦荟加工过程中芦荟多糖的变化,将芦荟加工工艺进行分析.结果表明:酶解工序和无机膜微滤工序对芦荟多糖下降的影响最大.故优化加工过程和工艺参数,芦荟粉中的芦荟多糖含量明显提高.     

中华芦荟多糖醇提法工艺优化及体外抗氧化能力测定

通过单因素和正交试验优化闽南地区中华芦荟多糖醇提法工艺,并测定其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,中华芦荟多糖提取率影响因素由大到小依次为:提取温度提取时间芦荟液与乙醇用量体积比;在芦荟液与乙醇用量体积比1:6、提取时间1.5 h、提取温度80℃的组合条件下,多糖得率最高,达0.35%。提取的中华芦荟多糖有较好的体外抗氧化活性,对DPPH自由基的清除能力呈明显的剂量效应,5.0 mg/mL的芦荟多糖对DPPH自由基清除率达27.49%;对铁氰化钾的还原能力也和多糖浓度正相关,5.0 mg/mL中华芦荟多糖溶液对应5.80μg/mL没食子酸的还原能力。     

芦荟多糖在加工过程中变化探讨

在加工芦荟的过程中,芦荟多糖的含量不断降低,导致成品芦荟冻干粉中的芦荟多糖含量较低。针对芦荟加工过程中芦荟多糖的变化,将芦荟加工工艺进行分析。结果表明:酶解工序和无机膜微滤工序对芦荟多糖下降的影响最大。故优化加工过程和工艺参数,芦荟冻干粉中的芦荟多糖含量明显提高。     

响应面优化木立芦荟皮多糖的研究

采用响应面分析法对木立芦荟皮多糖的提取工艺进行优化,对提取率影响因素进行单因素分析后,以BoxBehnken设计评价微波时间、提取液p H和液料比3个因素显著性和交互作用,最终得出木立芦荟皮多糖的最佳提取条件为:微波时间为168 s,提取液的p H为9,液料比为52∶1(m L/g),微波功率为320 W,在此条件下提取率为14.37%;并对提取的粗多糖进行红外光谱分析,结果表明木立芦荟皮粗多糖具有多糖的特征吸收峰。     

芦荟凝胶粉制备过程中多糖变化研究

本文采用真空冷冻干燥技术制备芦荟凝胶粉,重点研究工艺中漂烫去皮的漂烫时间、漂烫温度等因素对芦荟多糖含量的影响,并对天然澄清剂对芦荟多糖含量的影响进行分析。结果表明:多糖含量随着漂烫时间和漂烫温度的增加而相应升高,其中漂烫温度对芦荟多糖相对含量的影响更为显著,比较理想的制备工艺为漂烫时间6min,漂烫温度85℃;天然澄清剂对芦荟多糖也有絮凝能力,从而导致芦荟多糖含量下降。     

木立芦荟凝胶活性成分的热不稳定性研究

采用薄层层析法(TLC)测定木立芦荟凝胶汁中芦荟苷的 含量,研究了芦荟苷的热不稳定性;用Bradfbrd法测定了 木立芦荟凝胶汁中蛋白质的热不稳定性。结果表明,加热 温度越高,时间越长,芦荟苷和蛋白质的热稳定性越差; 对结果进行双因素方差分析表明,时间对芦荟苷和蛋白 质含量的影响比温度更显著,因此,若以芦荟苷和蛋白质 为目标严物,则不宜采用长时间热处理来提取。     

不同芦荟SOD复合酶的研究

研究了7种芦荟的SOD、CAT和POD,分析并比较不同芦荟复合酶的活性与比活力,结果表明:7种芦荟SOD活力差异不大;皂质芦荟CAT特别高;不夜城与巨无霸芦荟POD活性突出,库拉索芦荟测不出POD活性。CAT与POD之间未发现互补性。     

库拉索芦荟多糖超声辅助提取工艺的研究

目的:研究超声波辅助提取库拉索芦荟多糖的最佳工艺.方法:通过正交试验研究库拉索芦荟多糖的水浴提取工艺;通过单因素试验及正交试验研究超声波辅助提取库拉索芦荟多糖的提取工艺.结果:水浴提取库拉索芦荟多糖的最佳方法是:料液比1:6、水浴时间60mim、水浴温度65℃、浸提液的pH值为9.0.超声波辅助提取库拉索芦荟多糖的最佳试验方案为:料液比1:4、超声功率100W、超声时间为6min、浸提液的pH值为9.0.结论:得到了超声波辅助提取库拉索芦荟多糖的提取工艺,超声波辅助提取法显著优于水浴提取法.     

芦荟冻干及多糖提取研究

通过对库拉索芦荟、中华芦荟、木立芦荟进行真空冷冻干燥实验，得到了冻干曲线。以3种芦荟鲜叶和冻干制品及库拉索芦荟常压干燥、真空干燥制品为原料，分别进行多糖提取实验，结果表明，库拉索芦荟冻干制品多糖提取率最高。因此以库拉索芦荟冻干制品为原料，研究了用溶剂提取法提取芦荟多糖的最佳工艺条件。实验表明，水提醇沉法的最佳工艺条件为：料水比1：50，提取温度50℃，提取时间5h，提取次数1次，提取液浓缩至原体积的1／3，80％乙醇醇析。对芦荟叶片冷藏时间与多糖含量的变化做了初步研究。     

蛋白质水解度测定方法综述

对目前国内外常用的蛋白质水解度测定方法进行了综述，其中pH—state方法是通过滴定水解过程中释放的质子测定DH；OPA、TNBS及国内常用的水合茚三酮和甲醛等测定方法是利用游离氨基的反应测定DH。     

SEROLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES OF ORIGIN OF SAUSAGE MEATS

SUMMARY: A partially purified immunoglobulin G (lgG) solution prepared from the serum of species to be tested was heated to the specifications for sausages. The resulting supernatant fluid was decanted and the precipitate washed with saline and used to immunize rabbits. The supernatant fluid was used to sensitize tanned sheep red blood cells. The immune serum was rendered monospecific by absorptions with heterologous, heated lgG precipitates. A sample of monospecific immune serum was absorbed with a washed homogenate of sausage. Aliquots of the monospecific immune serum, both untreated and sausage absorbed, were tested with cells sensitized with the homologous heated lgG supematant fluid. A significant reduction of titer by sausage absorption indicated that the sausages contained the meat homologous to the immune serum.     

聚多元羧酸盐的合成及应用

研究了聚多元羧酸盐的合成方法及反应机理,将其应用于洗涤剂和PVC制品中分别代替三聚磷酸钠和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,证明有良好效果。     

BASIS OF STABILITY OF AMINE SALTS OF LINOLEIC ACID

SUMMARY— The mechanism and generality of the known stabilization against autoxidation conferred on linoleic acid by certain basic amino acids, such as lysine and arginine, was investigated. Basic amino acids were the only class of compounds found to confer the effect. However, the smallest basic amino acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, was not effective, nor was αβω-diaminc acid, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, although a simple isomer of lysine. The stabilization was observed only in the solid phase. Inclusion of sodium chloride in the solid matrix was deleterious to the effect. A large number of physical and chemical observations were made and correlated but it has not been possible to draw detailed conclusions about the mechanism of stabilization, nor can a detailed structure of the stabilized complex be suggested. The cause of the phenomenon appears to be closely associated with the physical arrangement of the ions in the crystal lattice.     

STABILITY OF AQUEOUS EMULSIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF HOPS

Hop oil emulsions prepared from different varieties of hops have been found to exhibit enhanced physical stability on the addition of blends of the emulsifiers Span 20/Tween 80 or Span 60/Tween 60. Examination of the particle size and volume distributions of an emulsion by use of a Coulter Counter was found to be an excellent method of monitoring its stability. An indication as to the relative efficiency of emulsifiers can be obtained from Coulter Counter measurements on hop oil emulsions after storage for 4 days. The use of an ultracentrifuge provies a rapid means of testing emulsion stability and hence the effectiveness of emulsion stabilizers.     

百年风尚

一场流光溢彩、赏心悦目的展览,一段百年风尚演进的传奇旅程,一次东西方文化艺术的完美对话。2013年9月13日,“博萃臻艺一中西方珍宝艺术展”在辽宁省博物馆举行了隆重的开幕仪式,法兰西共和国驻华大使白林女士、辽宁省文物局局长丁辉先生、辽宁省博物馆馆长马宝杰先生、卡地亚全球总裁兼首席执行官邓阁仕先生、卡地亚区域行政总裁（北亚洲）陆慧全先生、卡地亚中国区首席执行官陆意斯先生、辽宁省文物店总经理张春鹰先生,以及众多文化界与文博界的贵宾齐聚一堂,共同见证了这场文化艺术盛事。     

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION OF LYSOZYME

The quantitative analysis of the reaction products of the water activity dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysozyme was not straightforward. Difficulties arose in the determination of the number of bound glucose molecules because glycosylation leads to glucose mediated protein aggregation, and the likely presence of a mixture of relatively labile Schiff-base intermediates, and the more stable ketoamine products generated by Amadori rearrangement. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor protein aggregation; periodate oxidation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oxalic acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC, emerged as the most promising methods to quantitate the degree of glycosylation. Possible interpretations are advanced to explain the apparent discrepancies in degree of glycosylation suggested by the different analytical methods evaluated.     

DEVELOPMENT OF CHAINS OF CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING FERMENTATION

The lengths of chains of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied during fermentation. Pitching yeast generally contained about half of the total number of cells as two-celled chains. The chain lengths varied during the subsequent fermentation and the variations were characteristic of the strain. Electronic counting assessments of chain length were unreliable.     

EFFECTS OF TYPES OF FAT AND OF RATES AND TEMPERATURES OF COMMINUTION ON DISPERSION OF LIPIDS IN FRANKFURTERS

ABSTRACT— The effect of time, temperature and rpm of comminution of emulsions was determined on the dispersion of approximately 25% of beef fat, pork fat or cottonseed oil in frankfurters. The numbers of lipid particles 5 μ or less in diameter increased in frankfurters containing either beef or pork fat as comminution was continued to higher temperatures, with pork fat dispersed more thoroughly. Fat tended to separate from frankfurters containing beef fat in particles 200 μ or more in diameter. In contrast, no specific degree of dispersion of particles 5 μ or less in diameter consistently indicated emulsion stability, or its lack. Increased rpm during comminution produced an increased dispersion of beef or pork fat. Under the same conditions pork fat was dispersed more finely than beef fat. Dispersion of cottonseed oil produced finely dispersed particles beyond the resolution of light microscopy, as was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed a substantial number of particles to be less than 1 μ in diameter.     

矩阵乘积的行式,列式

给出了ｍ×ｍ矩阵与ｍ×ｎ矩阵的行（列）式的表达式．若Ａ＝ａ１１ａ１２…ａ１ｍａ２１ａ２２…ａ２ｍ……ａｍ１ａｍ２…ａｍｍＢ＝ｂ１１ｂ１２…ｂ１ｎｂ２１ｂ２２…ｂ２ｎ……ｂｍ１ｂｍ２…ｂｍｎ分别是ｍ×ｍ，ｍ×ｎ矩阵，则｜Ａ｜｜Ｂ｜＝｜ＡＢ｜＋∑ｉ１＜ｉ２＜…＜ｉｔｊ１＜ｊ２＜…＜ｊｔ１≤ｔ≤ｍｎ－ｔ≥ｍＮＢｉ１ｉ２…ｉｔｊ１ｊ２…ｊｔＮＡＢ１…ｍ（－１）ｓｔ＋１ｊｔ＋１…（－１）ｓｎｊｎ其中ｉ１，ｉ２，…，ｉｔ是１，２，…，ｍ中ｔ个数码；ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｔ＋１，…，ｊｎ是１，２，…，ｎ的一个排列；ｓｒ＝π（ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ）（ｒ＝１，２，…，ｎ）是排列ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ的反序数．