二维超声磨削复相陶瓷加工表面质量的试验研究

本文通过对二维超声磨削纳米复相陶瓷和普通磨削进行对比试验研究,分析了磨削深度、工件速度、砂轮粒度对工件表面质量的影响.研究结果表明,采用二维超声振动磨削能大大提高工件的表面质量;表面粗糙度随着切深的增大而增大,随着切削深度的进一步增加,超声振动在磨削加工中所起的作用减弱;二维超声振动磨削大大扩大了复相陶瓷磨削的塑性加工区域,二维超声振动磨削过程的塑性域是切削深度小于5μm,而普通磨削塑性域是磨削深度小于2μm;二维超声振动磨削时,表面粗糙度随着砂轮粒度的减小而明显减小,且比较稳定,故二维超声振动磨削有利于使用细粒度砂轮;工件速度对二维超声振动磨削表面粗糙度影响很大,其值随着工件速度的增加而增大.     

二维超声振动磨削纳米复相陶瓷的表面粗糙度研究

本文对纳米复相陶瓷材料进行了不同参数下的普通磨削和二维超声振动磨削的对比试验,研究了超声振动磨削对工件表面质量的影响,分析了不同的加工工艺参数及振动参数对加工工件表面粗糙度的影响,实验结果表明,在同样的切深条件下,超声振动磨削表面的沟槽浅而宽,可以得到比普通磨削加工粗糙度较小的加工表面,且在超声振动中砂轮作高频振动,砂轮不易堵塞,利于使用细粒度砂轮磨削;工件速度对二维超声振动磨削表面粗糙度影响很大,其值随着工件速度的增加而增大。二维超声振动磨削可以提高陶瓷材料的表面质量,并能有效地避免普通磨削下微裂纹的产生,因此它是磨削陶瓷的一种精密加工方法。     

超声振动磨削纳米氧化锆陶瓷材料的磨削力及表面残余应力的研究

纳米陶瓷由于其相对于工程陶瓷优越的力学性能及物理特性,在各行业都有广泛的应用前景。采用超声复式加工方法,针对不同的磨削参数对纳米ZrO2陶瓷进行了普通和超声磨削实验,研究了磨削参数对磨削力的影响,并通过X射线衍射分析了在普通和超声磨削状态下对工件表面残余应力及纳米ZrO2陶瓷各晶相的影响。研究结果表明:利用超声振动磨削能有效减少磨削力,不同的磨削方式对纳米ZrO2陶瓷表面残余应力影响较大,采用普通磨削工件表面残余应力为拉应力,当超声振动方向平行于砂轮速度方向时,工件表面残余应力为压应力,振动方向垂直于砂轮速度方向时工件表面残余应力绝对值较小。     

超声磨削氧化锆陶瓷表面相变与残余应力特征实验研究

针对氧化锆陶瓷的易相变特点,通过对ZTA陶瓷和纳米氧化锆陶瓷进行对比实验,研究了氧化锆陶瓷磨削表面相变特性,分析了磨削表面的残余应力特征.实验结果表明,亚稳态四方相氧化锆的含量以及磨削应力是诱发氧化锆陶瓷产生马氏体相变的主要因素;陶瓷磨削过程中,砂轮的磨削深度越大、磨粒粒径越大,在材料基体中产生的磨削应力越大,从而马氏体相变率增大;纳米氧化锆陶瓷磨削表面产生的残余压应力值大于ZrO2增韧Al2O3(ZTA)陶瓷.通过分析磨削参数对残余应力的影响,验证了马氏体相变可在一定程度上促进残余压应力的产生,从而提高磨削表面的质量.     

超声辅助磨削SiCf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料

针对碳化硅纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料(SiC_f/SiC)存在加工质量差、刀具磨损严重等问题,开展金刚石砂轮端面超声辅助磨削SiC_f/SiC复合材料试验,对比研究超声辅助磨削和普通磨削SiC_f/SiC过程中的磨削力、表面形貌及表面粗糙度,并分析其材料去除机理。结果表明:超声辅助磨削可有效降低磨削力;超声作用能促使SiC纤维断裂,形成较短纤维而被去除,减少了纤维的折断和剥落,提高了其表面加工质量;在纵向振动端面磨削条件下,超声振幅在一定范围内有助于改善其表面加工质量,振幅过大则会导致表面冲击作用过强而使其表面质量降低。      

二维超声磨削纳米复相陶瓷的磨削特性研究(1)

本文通过对二维超声磨削纳米复相陶瓷的磨削特性进行理论分析及试验研究，尤其是磨削力的特性及其影响因素，从而探索磨削加工表面质量的影响因素并提出改善磨削效果的措施。研究结果表明，磨削力随着切深的增大而增大，随着磨削深度的进一步增加，超声振动在磨削加工中所起的作用减弱；二维超声振动磨削大大扩大了复相陶瓷磨削的塑性加工区域，二维超声振动磨削过程的塑性域是磨削深度小于5μm，而普通磨削塑性域是在磨削深度小于2μm；适当增大磨削速度，既可以增强磨削砂轮的自锐能力，获得较高的去除率，又可以增加塑性变形，改善工件的表面质量；砂轮线速度的变化对二维超声振动磨削过程中的磨削力影响比对普通磨削过程中的磨削力的影响小，故二维超声振动磨削可以选用较大的砂轮线速度；工件速度对二维超声振动磨削表面粗糙度影响很大，其值随着工件速度的增加而增大。     

Nd-Fe-B烧结永磁材料超声辅助磨削试验研究

对Nd-Fe-B烧结永磁材料普通磨削和径向超声振动辅助磨削的工艺进行了对比试验,系统分析了在两种工艺条件下磨削用量对法向磨削力的影响;深入研究了超声振动和磨粒切削的复合过程,指出超声振动形成的断续磨削机制是降低法向磨削力的主要原因.径向超声振动的辅加改善了磨削加工效果,在一定程度上避免了脆崩现象,保证了Nd-Fe-B烧结永磁材料加工表面的完整性.     

超声振动辅助ELID磨削淬硬12Cr2Ni4A合金钢表面特性的研究

目的 提高淬硬12Cr2Ni4A钢的加工质量,消除工件表面残余应力.方法 采用普通磨削(OG)、超声振动辅助磨削(UVAG)以及超声振动辅助ELID磨削(UVAEG)3种磨削方式,分别对淬硬12Cr2Ni4A合金钢进行加工,分析3种加工方式下被加工工件的表面粗糙度以及残余应力.结果 在超声振动辅助磨削、超声振动辅助ELID磨削下,工件表面粗糙度都低于普通加工,而超声振动辅助ELID磨削后的工件表面质量最高,相对普通磨削加工,超声振动辅助ELID磨削后的表面粗糙度降低了66％,相对于超声振动辅助磨削,超声振动辅助ELID磨削后,表面粗糙度降低了约41％.对工件表面进行残余应力测定发现,普通磨削加工后工件表面为残余拉应力,而超声振动辅助磨削、超声振动辅助ELID磨削后的工件表面都产生了残余压应力,超声振动辅助ELID磨削后,工件表面的残余压应力高于超声振动辅助磨削约30％.普通磨削加工中,随磨削深度的增加,残余拉应力一直变大,而超声振动辅助磨削和超声振动辅助ELID磨削的残余压应力总体呈现减小的趋势.在磨削深度达到22.5μm后,超声振动辅助磨削加工表面的残余压应力转变为残余拉应力.在超声振动辅助磨削和超声振动辅助ELID磨削后,随超声振幅的增大,表面残余压应力增大,超声振动辅助ELID磨削表面的残余压应力随占空比的增大而增大.结论 超声振动辅助ELID磨削加工后,能得到更小的表面粗糙度及更大的表面残余压应力.     

二维超声磨削微纳米复相陶瓷表面变质层特性研究

利用二维超声振动磨削,对微纳米复相陶瓷磨削表面变质层的结构、晶粒度和晶格畸变等进行研究.在一定的磨削条件下,微纳米复相陶瓷二维超声振动磨削表层是以晶粒碎化的材料粉末化以及少量的材料压碎和晶粒脱落等方式为主的塑性变质层,亚表层是以晶格畸变、晶界滑移为主的塑性变形层,材料脆性碎裂去除方式极少,以塑性变形去除机理为主.为此提出了微纳米复相陶瓷二维超声振动磨削表面变质层结构模型.通过TEM,SEM观察发现:纳米材料微观变形机理为内晶型结构增强相的晶粒内位错,基体晶粒的晶界滑移、晶间第二相的变形为其变形协调机制.由于纳米粒子分散在晶界间,阻碍了裂纹的扩展,使得材料表现为穿晶断裂行为,从而获得良好的加工表面.     

蠕动进给超声磨削Al2O3陶瓷实验研究

对Al2O3陶瓷进行蠕动进给机械磨削和蠕动进给超声磨削对比试验,考察了磨削参数对表面粗糙度和实际切深的影响;通过扫描电镜对工件表面形貌进行了分析;实验结果表明:超声振动显著增加了实际切深,同时表面粗糙度值略微增大,但不会引起大的亚表面损伤;材料去除仍以脆性断裂为主,同时伴随塑性流动现象.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.