水田除草剂18%稻草灵可湿性粉剂

田间小区试验结果表明，１８％稻草灵可湿性粉剂每公顷２２５－８２５克剂量下，以杂草的总防效为９２．３－９９．１％，稍优于其他水田除草剂，如稻田净、１０％苄．甲可湿性粉剂，乙草胺－苄嘧典隆混剂，吡嘧黄隆和苄嘧黄隆，对水稻安全。     

早稻抛秧田一次性化学除草效果试验

本文介绍了应用３５％丁苄可湿性粉剂、５０％二氯喹啉酸加１０％苄嘧黄隆超微可湿性粉剂与泥土混和措施施对早稻抛秧田要草的防除效果，安全性和增产作用，试验结果表明，在水稻抛载后５天施丁苄１２０克１５０克以及抛栽后７天施二氯喹啉酸３０克加苄嘧共隆１５克对划稻抛秧田的主要杂草如稗草、异型莎草、鸭香草、节节苯和矮慈姑等均有显著的防效，其总体防治效果可分别达到９６．１％、９７．１％和９８．７％，且对水稻生长无不     

苄嘧黄隆,二氯喹啉酸,吡嘧黄隆防除晚稻本田杂草

1991年,我们进行了苄嘧黄隆、二氯喹啉酸、吡嘧黄隆防除晚稻本田杂草的示范试验。现将示范试验情况及结果报告如下。 一、材料和方法 1.供试药剂及来源:10％苄嘧黄隆可湿性粉剂、40％二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂、10％吡嘧黄隆,均为沈阳化工研究院提供的样品;60％丁草胺乳油,由示范试验单位自购。     

水稻直播田杂草防除技术试验研究

１９９４年对直播稻田进行了药剂除草研究。结果表明：播前用５％丁草胺颗粒剂１公斤／６６６．７米＾２，播后再用１０％苄嘧黄隆可湿性粉剂１５克／６６６．７米＾２处理，对稗草、阔叶草及总体杂草株防效分别为９４．６％、８７．３％９２．３％；鲜重防效分别达９９．４％、９２．８％、９９．３％。播后５天单用苄嘧黄隆１５克／６６６．７米＾２，对稗草、阔叶草、总体杂草株防效分别为８０．４％、６９．４％、７７．４％；鲜     

三氯喹啉酸防除不同叶龄稗草效果

２５％二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂的不同用量对不同叶龄的稗草都有较好的防效，而且对水稻安全。每亩用４０克对２－３叶龄稗草的株防效达８５－９５％；５０克对４－５叶龄稗草株防效达６５－８５％；６０克对６－７叶龄、８０克对７叶龄以上稗草株防效达６０％左右，以上各处理的鲜重防效均有８５％以上。亩用１００克孕穗至抽穗期稗草的抑制率达１００％，中毒稗草叶片枯黄，植株矮小，不能正常抽穗，结实。     

直播单季稻田杂草防除试验

田间试验表明，３５％丁草胺－苄嘧黄隆在水稻播种后６天用１５０克／６６７米＾２，１２％Ｈｅ草酮在水稻播种前３天用１５０毫升／６６７米＾２，对直播单季稻田主要杂草千金子、稗草、异型莎草、矮慈姑、节节菜、鸭舌草等均具有显著的防除效果，总草防效分别达９７．３％和９５．６％。根据直播单季稻田杂草分布的具体情况，有选择性地应用丁草胺、哌草丹－苄嘧黄隆、丙草胺、吡嘧黄隆，能收到较好的除草效果。     

35％丁苄可湿性粉剂防除水稻秧田和直播田杂草

３５％丁苄可湿性粉剂１９９４～１９９５年防除水稻秧田和直播田杂草的试验。结果表明：秧田在播种后１０天使用丁苄（商品量）１．５、１．８、２．２５千克／公顷，对稗草的防效为８９．７～９３．７％，总杂草防效９６．８～９９．２％。直播稻田在播种后５天使用丁苄１．８、２．２５千克／公颂，对稗草的防效９２．９～９４．１％，总杂草防效９７．８～９９．０％。丁苄对水稻安全。与１０％苄嘧黄隆可湿性粉剂和５０％丁草胺乳油相比，可扩大杀草谱。     

连作晚稻秧田播后药剂除草试验

１９９０、１９９４年，在连晚秧田进行了播后的药剂除草试验。结果表明：播后２天，应用１７．２％哌草丹－苄嘧黄隆每公顷３０００克，３０％丙草胺每公顷１１２５－１５００毫升防除秧田杂草效果好，且杀草谱宽，总草株防效分别为９６．３％、９１．１－９５．５％，鲜重防效为９８．４％、９１．５－９５．９％。播后１０％苄嘧黄隆每公顶１８０克，秧苗２叶后再用５０％二氯喹啉酸每公顷３７５克，降草效果也较好。     

硫双威,双威菊酯防治小菜蛾的药效试验

防治小菜蛾田间小区药效试验结果表明：２０％硫双威和２０％双威菊酯可湿性粉剂在小菜蛾幼虫２－３龄期进行防治，均有较好的防效。每亩用１００克２０％可湿性粉剂校正防效在６６％以上，持效期可达７０天以上，两者药效和持效优于或接近每亩６０克１０％氯氰菊酯。     

二氯喹啉酸防除不同叶龄稗草效果

２５％二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂的不同用量对不同叶龄的稗草都有较好的防效，而且对水稻安全。每亩用４０克对２～３叶龄稗草的株防效达８５～９５％；５０克对４～５叶龄稗草株防效达６５～８５％；６０克对６～７叶龄、８０克对７叶龄以上稗草株防效达６０％左右，以上各处理的鲜重防效均在８５％以上。亩用１００克对孕穗至抽穗期稗草的抑制率达１００％，中毒稗草叶片枯黄，植株矮小，不能正常抽穗、结实。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.