Remote-controlled module-assisted synthesis of O-（2-[18^F]fluoroethyl）-L-tyrosine as tumor PET tracer using two different radiochemical routes

The positron-emitter fluorine-18 labeled amino acid O-（2-[18^F]fluoroethyl）-L-tyrosine （[18^F]FET） has shown very promising perspectives for brain tumor diagnosis with positron emission tomography （PET）. There have been two existing preparation routes of [18^F]FET named direct nucleophilic radiofluofination of protected L-tyrosine and radiofluoroalkylation of unprotected L-tyrosine, respectively. A general module was designed specifically for the routine synthesis of [18^F]FET, which could be suitable for the present two chemical methods with simple modifications. The fluorinated intermediates and the final product were separated and purified using solid phase extraction （SPE） on the Sep-Pak silica plus cartridge instead of the time-consuming high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） procedures. The total synthesis time was about 50-60 min with good radiochemical yield （about 20-40%, no-decay-corrected） and good radiochemical purity （more than 97%） for both the synthetic methods.     

Preparation and preliminary evaluation of [^55Co]（II）vancomycin

Co-55 （t1/2=17.53 h） was produced by 150 uA irradiation of a natural nickel target using 15 MeV protons. It was separated from the irradiated target material by two ion exchange chromatography steps with a radiochemical yield of 〉95% and was used for the preparation of [^55Co]vancomycin （[^55Co]VAN）. Optimization studies were performed using Co-57 due to its longer half-life. Cobalt-57 （t1/2=271.79 d） was produced by irradiation of a natural nickel target with 150 pA current of 22 MeV protons. The 57Co was separated from the irradiated target material using a no-carrier-added method with a radiochemical yield of 〉97%. Both products were controlled for radionuclide and chemical purity. The solutions of [^55Co]VAN were prepared （radiochemical yield〉80%） starting with 55Co acetate and vancomycin at room temperature after 30 min. A precise solid phrase extraction （SPE） method was developed using Si Sep-Pak in order to purify/reconstitute the final formulation for animal studies. [^55Co]VAN showed a radiochemical purity of more than 99%. The resultant specific activity was about 1.15 TBq/mmol. It is proved that the tracer is stable in the final product and in presence of human serum at 37℃ up to 24 h. Biodistribution study of [55Co]VAN in normal rats was undertaken for up to 72 h.     

Synthesis of [^18F]－N－3－fluoropropyl－2β－carbomethoxy－3β－（4－iodophenyl） nortropane（[^18F0－FP－β－CIT

The ligand of N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β(4‘-iodophenyl) nortropane(FP-β-CIT) and mesylate precursor were synthesized by hydrolysis of cocaine,followed by dehydration,esterification,Grignard reaction,N-demethylation,iodination,N-alkylation with 3-bromopropanol and methylsulfonylation,Finally,^18F-FP-β-CIT was prepared by nucleophilic fluorinatioin of the mesylate with K^18F/K2.2.2 (Kryptofix).The labeling yiedl of ^18F-FP-β-CIT is 25%-30%,The total radiochemical yield of this compound ,calculated from the end of bombardment(EOB) with decay correction,is 10%-12% with a synthesis time of 100-110min.The radiochemical purity of ^18F-FP-β-CIT is greater than 90%,and this compound in aqueous solution is also stable for more than 4 hours at room temperature,It is stable enough for for clinical study.     

Synthesis and biodistribution of [131I]IMPY

The synthesis and biodistribution of β-amyloid plaques imaging agent [^131I]-2- （4′-dimethylaminophenyl）-6-iodoimidazo[1,2-α] pyridine （[^131I]IMPY） were reported. The chemical structure of the labeling precursor 2-（4′-dimethylaminophenyl）-6- （tributylstannyl） imidazo[1, 2-α] pyridine and all its intermediates were verified by IR,HNMR and MS. The radioiodinated compound was prepared using iododestannylation reaction by hydrogen peroxide. Final radiochemical purity was above 95% determined by TLC. The in vivo biodistribution of [^131I]IMPY in normal mice showed excellent brain uptake and washout, indicating this thioflavin-T based small molecular probe has potential for in vivo imaging amyloid deposits.     

肿瘤PET显像剂O-(2-[18F]氟乙基)-L-酪氨酸的放射化学合成

放射性核素标记的氨基酸近年来已成为放射性药物领域的研究热点。O-（2-[^18F]氟乙基）-L-酪氨酸（[^18F]FET）从问世以来一直备受关注,是一种很有希望的脑肿瘤PET显像剂。本文选择“两步法”合成了[^18F]FET。首先,通过1,2-二对甲苯磺酸基乙烷的[^18F]氟化制备标记中间体,即烷基化试剂2-[^18F]氟乙基对甲苯磺酸酯;然后,L-酪氨酸的[^18F]氟乙基化合成了目标化合物[^18F]FET。总合成时间约为50min,放射化学产率为20％-30％（未经衰变校正）,放射化学纯度大于98％。     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 18F-FB-NGA as a hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor PET imaging agent

Abstract Asialoglycoprotein receptor （ASGP-R） is a hepatic membrane receptor that uniquely exists on the surface of mammalian hepatocytes, and has been used as target of liver functional imaging agents for many years. We labeled the Galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin （NGA） with 18F to get a PET molecular probe 18F-FB-NGA and evaluated its ability as a liver functional PET imaging agent. The 18F-FB-NGA was prepared with NGA by conjugation with N- succinimidyl-4-18F-fluorobenzoate （18F-SFB） and purified with PD-10 desalting column. The radiolabeling yield and radiochemical purity of 18F-FB-NGA were determined by radio-HPLC. Starting with 18F-F-, the total time for 18F-F/3 -NGA was about 120± 10 min. The decay-corrected radiochemical yield is about 25-30%. The radiochemical purity of purified 18F-FB-NGA was more than 98%. Labeled with 185-1850 MBq 18F-SFB, the specific activity of 18F -FB- NGA was estimated to be 7.8-78.3 TBq/mmol. Biodistribution of 18F-FB-NGA in normal mice was investigated after injection through the tail vein. The results showed that the liver accumulated 39.47±3.42 and 12.12±6.11%ID/g at 10 and 30 min after injection, respectively. Dynamic MicroPET images in mice were acquired with and without block after injection of the radiotracer, respectively. High liver activity accumulation was observed at 5 min after injection in normal group. On the contrary, the liver accumulation was significantly lower after block, indicating the specific binding to ASGP-R. J SF-FB-NGA is probably a potential PET liver imaging agent.     

Preparation of 6—[^18F]fluoro—L—DOPA and its biodistribution in normal and unilateral PD model rats

No-carrier-added 6-[18F]fluoro-L-DOPA (6-FDOPA) was synthesized via a multistep procedure from a commercial available precursor, 6-nitroveratraldehyde. The total synthesis time was 75min, with a radiochemical yield of (10±3)%, high radiochemical purity (>99%) and high enantiomeric purity (>95%). The biodistri-butions of 6-FDOPA in normal and unilateral PD model rats were measured. The results from normal rats showed the expected high concentration of radioactivity in striatum and low distributions in cerebrum, cortex and cerebellum. The ratio of the radioactivity in striatum to cerebellum reached a peak value (5.9) at 60min. In unilateral PD model rats, whose substania nigra of the right side had been damaged by pre-treated with 6-OHDA, the radioactive concentration in striatum of the damaged side was significantly lower than that of the undamaged side or that of both sides in striatum of control groups.     

Improved preparation and chemical kinetics on fully automated synthesis of [18F]-THK523,a PET imaging probe for Tau pathologies

Extensive accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs)consistently correlate with the degree of cognitive impairment and neuronal circuitry deterioration associated with Alzheimer's disease.However,no PET probe is currently available for selective detection of NFTs in the living human brain.[~(18)F]-THK523 was developed as a potential in vivo imaging probe for tau pathology.In this paper,we report a new protected precursor,2-((2-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)phenyl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate(THK-7),instead of2-((2-(4-aminophenyl)quinolin-6-yl)oxy)ethyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate(BF241),and an improved automated radiosynfhesis of[~(18)F]-THK523 and the study on chemical kinetics of the labeling reaction of[~(18)F]-THK523,with high-yield(70±5%,n=6,decay-corrected to end of bombardment),and high radiochemical purity(90%)and specific activity(2.5±0.5Ci/umol)from protected precursor on fully automated module at the end of radiosynthesis(45-55 min).The chemical kinetics for[~(18)F]-THK523 demonstrates that nucleophilic substitution can be carried out easily with protected precursor.     

Synthesis of serotonin transporter imaging agent [^125I]ADAM

The synthesis of serotonin transporter imaging agent [^125I] -2-((2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)thio)-5-iodophenylamine(^125I] ADAM) was reported. The chemical structure of the labeling precursor 5- (tributylstannyl) -2-((2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)thio)phenylamine and all its intermediates were verified by IR, ^1HNMR and MS. The radioiodinated compound was prepared using iododestannylation reaction by hydrogen peroxide. Final radiochemical purity was above 95% determined by TLC.     

Synthesis, radiolabeling and animal studies of [^131I]MPPI： A 5-HT1A imaging agent

The synthesis and biological evaluation of serotonin （5-HT1A） imaging agent [^131I]- 4-iodo-N-{2-[4-（2-methoxyphenyl）-piperazin-l-yl]-ethyl}-N-pridin-2-yl-benzamide （[^131I]MPPI） are reported. The chemical structure of aimed compound and intermediates were confirmed by IR, ^1HNMR, and MS. Radiochemical purity was above 99% determined by TLC. Biodistribution of [^131I]MPPI in rats displayed high uptake in hippocampus and low uptake in cerebellum. The ratio of the uptake of [^131I]MPPI in hippocampus to that in cerebellum was 2.90 at 30 rain post injection. The radioactivity in thyroid was 0.069 and 0.128% ID/g organ at 5 min and 120 rain, respectively, and it was increased with time, which suggests that in vivo deiodination may be the major route of metabolism. Ex vivo autoradiography of brain section displayed significant decrease of radioactivity in hippocampus when pretreated with 8-OH-DPAT, a selective 5HT1A agonist, compared with control. These findings strongly suggested that ^131I-MPPI could be used as an in vivo marker for studies of pharmacology of the 5-HT1A receptor system in animals.     

取代杯[6]芳烃的制备及在18F-FET制备中的应用

本工作制备了相转移催化剂取代杯[6]芳烃：对磺酸杯[6]芳烃和对叔丁基杯[6]芳烃,并以其为催化剂进行了¹⁸F-FET的制备。结果表明,对磺酸杯[6]芳烃作催化剂不仅能够催化FET前体的¹⁹F取代反应,而且能够催化FET前体对（对甲苯磺酸酯）乙基苯甲酰（BOC）氨基酸酯的¹⁸F标记反应,放化产率为11%。而对叔丁基杯[6]芳烃对催化FET前体的¹⁹F取代反应和¹⁸F的标记反应均没有催化活性。对磺酸杯[6]芳烃的催化作用可能与它的磺酸基参与络合反应,增大了杯[6]芳烃极性等因素有关。虽然对磺酸杯[6]芳烃催化FET前体的放化产率远低于Kryptofix 2.2.2,但该研究对优化条件找出更好的取代杯[6]芳烃催化剂具有重要的指导意义。     

6-[~(18)F]氟-L-多巴的合成

以硝基藜芦醛为原料 ,采用亲核取代合成法 ,利用手性相转移催化烷基化等多步反应制备了6 [18F]氟 L 多巴 (18FDOPA) ,并用手性流动相和反相C18柱的HPLC法测定对映纯度。结果表明 ,18FDOPA总的合成时间少于 12 0min ,经衰减校正后总放化产额约为 6 3% ,对映纯度和放化纯度分别大于 95 %和 99%     

肿瘤显像剂O-(18F-氟代正烷基)-L-酪氨酸的合成

O-(2-18F-氟代乙基)-L-酪氨酸(FET)和O-(3-18F-氟代丙基)-L-酪氨酸(FPT)由两步法制备。18F-分别与二对甲苯磺酸乙二酯(TsOCH2CH2OTs)和二对甲苯磺酸丙二酯(TsOCH2CH2CH2OTs)发生亲核取代反应,生成对甲苯磺酸-2-18F-氟代乙酯(18F CH2CH2OTs)和对甲苯磺酸-3-18F-氟代丙酯(18FCH2CH2CH2OTs),后两者再分别与L-酪氨酸二钠反应生成FET和FPT,总反应时间小于90 min。终产物FET和FPT用乙腈沉淀法分离纯化,未校正总放化产率分别为4.7%和8%。用HPLC法分离纯化,未校正总放化产率分别为20%和30%。FET和FPT注射液放化纯度大于95%,各质量控制指标符合放射性药物质量要求。     

多肽T140类似物的~(18)F标记

基质细胞衍生因子(SDF-1)及其受体CXCR4在癌症的发生和转移中发挥着重要作用,因此CXCR4受体可作为诊断癌症的一个潜在靶点。多肽T140是趋化因子受体CXCR4的一种特异性的拮抗剂。我们通过合成中间体[18F]SFB,并和多肽T140的类似物进行偶联,得到18F标记的CXCR4受体显像剂多肽[18F]FB-AcTZ14011,并对标记条件进行了优化。经过HPLC纯化后所得标记多肽的放化纯度大于96%,整个标记用时约3h,放化产率3%(未经衰变校正)。     

1-[~(18)F]氟代乙基-L-色氨酸的半自动化合成

设计并合成了一种新型氟标记氨基酸类似物1-[18F]氟代乙基-L-色氨酸(1-[18F]FETrp)。以色氨酸为原料,采用有机合成法经过七步反应,合成了标准品1-[19F]FETrp;使用氟多功能模块,采用亲核取代法,将放射化学标记自动化。经过对1-[19F]FETrp自动化合成条件的摸索,最后采用二锅法合成了1-[18F]FE-Trp。1-[18F]FETrp的放化产率为1.5%,合成时间50 min;由于放化产率过低,今后需改变条件或者寻找新的合成路线以提高产率,以期为临床区分炎症和肿瘤提供新的PET显像剂。     

简便、快速自动化合成肿瘤显像剂18F-氟代乙酸盐和1-H-1-(3-18F-2-羟基丙基)-2-18F-硝基咪唑

用"一锅法"和TRACERlab FXF-N自动化合成仪系统合成了18F-氟代乙酸盐(18F-FAC)和1-H-1-(3-18F-2-羟基丙基)-2-硝基咪唑(18F-FMISO).以溴代乙酸苄酯为前体,在同一反应瓶中经亲核氟化、NaOH水解两步反应及Sep Pak小柱分离纯化制备了18F-FAC注射液,总合成时间小于40 min,未经校正的放化产率和放化纯度分别大于45%和99%.以1-(2'-硝基-1'-咪唑基)-2-O-四氢吡喃基-3-O-甲苯磺酰基丙二醇为原料,用类似方法制备了18F-FMISO注射液,总合成时间小于40min,未经校正的放化产率和放化纯度分别大于40%和95%.采用"一锅法"自动化合成18F-FAC和18F-FMISO注射液,操作简便,该工艺可用制备2-18F-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖(18F-FDG)的全自动化合成模块来制备18F-FAC和18F-FMISO注射液.     

羟基磷灰石对153Sm-HEDTMP的吸附性能研究

研究了各种因素对153Sm-HEDTMP（羟乙基乙二胺三甲撑膦酸）在羟基磷灰石（HA）上吸附的影响，结果表明，室温下153Sm-HEDTMP在HA上吸附20min即可达到平衡，温度对吸附量影响不明显。过量配体会使配合物吸附量降低；吸附量在酸性条件下较高，153Sm3＋在HA上的吸附能力最强，饱和吸附容量可达720 µmol•g－1；153Sm-HEDTMP饱和吸附容量为61µmol•g－1，153Sm-HEDTMP的吸附好于153Sm-EDTMP，Ca2＋对吸附有强烈的促进作用。EDTMP和HEDTMP对配合物的解吸率较高；生理盐水解吸作用不明显。     

简便快速自动化合成报告基因表达PET显像剂18F-FHBG

用一锅法和TRACERlab FXF-N合成仪自动化合成9-(4-18F-3-羟甲基丁基)鸟嘌呤(188F-FHBG).以N2-(对甲氧苯基二苯基甲基)-9-[(4-甲苯磺酰基)-3-对甲氧苯基二苯基甲氧基-甲基丁基]鸟嘌呤为前体,在同一反应瓶中经亲核氟化、水解两步反应及SEP-PAK小柱分离纯化制备18 F-FHBG注射液,总合成时间<40 min,未校正放化产率为7%-12%(n>10),放化纯度>95%.用SEP-PAK分离纯化的一锅法,操作简便,很容易实现18F-FHBG的自动化合成.     

自动化合成N-琥珀酰亚胺-4-[18F]氟苯甲酸酯

通过自动化多功能化学合成模块,在线合成N-琥珀酰亚胺-4-[¹⁸F]氟苯甲酸酯（[¹⁸F]SFB）。标记前体4-三甲基胺苯甲酸乙酯三氟甲基磺酸盐与干燥的¹⁸F^-发生亲核反应,生成4-[¹⁸F]氟苯甲酸乙酯,碱水解得到4-[¹⁸F]-氟苯甲酸（[¹⁸F]FBA）,经Sep-Pak C18固相柱分离,加O-(N-琥珀酰亚胺)N,N,N′,N′-四甲基脲四氟硼酸盐(TSTU)乙腈溶液反应,生成[¹⁸F]SFB, Sep-Pak C18固相柱分离得纯[¹⁸F]SFB。 在115 ℃,密封条件间隔通氮气加热10 min亲核反应,用NaOH水解保护基团,得到[¹⁸F]SFB的不校正合成效率为(28.2±1.9)% (n=5),放射化学纯度大于90%,总的合成时间为45 min。