智能吸声控制中压电片位置的选取

1引言压电材料外接分流电路用于振动和噪声辐射控制,称作被动压电分流阻尼技术。在用压电被动分流阻尼技术控制薄板结构振动和吸声时,压电片的位置布放是一个很重要的问题。针对不同的控制目     

基于布局优化的压电分流阻尼抑振实验研究

建立了带压电分流阻尼系统的四边固支正方形弹性薄板振动控制的实验模型。针对其前五阶模态振动响应的抑制问题,以压电元件存储的电能最大化为优化目标,对采用多个压电元件的压电分流阻尼系统进行了布局优化分析。将压电元件布局优化后的压电分流阻尼系统应用于弹性薄板的多阶模态振动响应的抑制实验,分别研究了不同压电元件数量和布局对抑振效果的影响。在压电分流阻尼抑振实验中,与分流电路开路时相比,电路闭路后弹性薄板的频响函数在对应的模态频率处的幅值分别降低了11.90dB、16.94dB、16.94dB、19.91dB和16.77dB,说明经过布局优化后的压电分流阻尼系统使弹性薄板的前五阶稳态响应都得到了很好的抑制。同时也进行了非优化布局的压电分流阻尼抑振实验,实验结果对比表明,对压电元件进行布局优化可以明显提高压电分流阻尼系统的抑振效果。     

自适应消声系统的设计与性能研究

为了有效控制低频宽带噪声,结构简单的声衬被广泛应用。传统声衬只能消除固定频率的噪声,即当环境噪声频率发生改变时,传统声衬消声性能明显下降。为此,提出了一种自适应消声系统,利用压电声衬工作原理,通过LabVIEW串口通信技术传输与控制数据程序,驱动压电声衬使它能根据噪声频率的变化自适应控制信号;通过调节电源输出电压,改变压电声衬共振腔体积,从而及时有效地调节压电声衬消声频率,拓宽压电声衬的消声频带。分析结果表明,压电声衬共振腔体积减小时,消声频带向低频方向偏移,反之向高频方向偏移;当输出电压为-100~200 V时,自适应消声系统可在噪声频率为1 364~1 420 Hz的环境中一直保持最佳的消声效果,实现了自适应消噪。研究结果表明,对声衬施加直流电源可以对其消声频率进行调节,使其消声频带随着噪声频率的变化而偏移,拓宽其消声频带。设计的消声系统可以实现噪声的自适应控制,可为声衬的主动控制及优化提供参考。     

基于拓扑优化的压电分流阻尼抑振实验研究

将结构拓扑优化引入压电分流振动抑制中,以压电元件的分布面积为设计变量,压电元件产生的电荷最大化为优化目标,对压电元件的拓扑进行了优化以获得最佳抑振效果。针对悬臂梁结构,得到了对不同的结构模态进行抑制时的压电元件最优拓扑构型。建立了带有压电分流阻尼系统的悬臂梁振动控制实验模型,将压电元件拓扑优化后的压电分流阻尼系统应用于悬臂梁多阶弯曲模态的振动响应抑制实验,并对比分析了带最优拓扑和非优拓扑压电元件的悬臂梁压电分流阻尼抑振效果。结果表明,对压电元件进行拓扑优化可以明显提高压电分流阻尼系统的抑振效果。     

压电分流阻尼控制精密机械结构振动的研究

采用负阻抗变换器解决了压电分流电路中大亨值线绕电感的内阻影响抑振效能的问题.对硬盘驱动器(HDD)的磁头驱动臂这种典型精密机械结构的振动响应进行了压电分流阻尼抑制实验,对比分析了电路构型和参数优化方法对抑制效果的影响,研究了在高频微振动情况下,结构振动响应幅值对压电分流电路的抑振效果的影响.实验结果表明,改进的压电分流阻尼技术能有效抑制HDD驱动臂及磁头的瞬态和稳态振动响应.     

含压电分流阻尼的声学黑洞梁振动特性研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对声学黑洞梁结构,引入压电分流阻尼形成声学黑洞压电复合结构,采用半解析法对其振动特性进行分析。首先基于哈密顿原理,采用墨西哥帽状小波作为型函数,利用能量法对声学黑洞悬臂梁的自由振动和受迫振动进行求解,与有限元法结果吻合良好,验证了半解析法的可靠性。然后引入分流阻尼,通过等效介质法将分流阻尼等效为附加材料,利用其局域共振机制,分析了含分流阻尼的声学黑洞梁振动特性,从理论上分析了确定局域共振频率近似方法。压电分流阻尼可以通过调整电感值来使局域共振与结构共振产生耦合,从而使振动响应峰值产生衰减;另一方面适当的阻尼可以使振荡效应消失。针对第一阶共振峰值,设计出的含分流阻尼的声学黑洞梁比传统阻尼层声学黑洞梁的振动有明显衰减,为声学黑洞结构的低频振动控制提供了新的思路。     

压电陶瓷/聚合物基新型阻尼复合材料的研究进展

压电陶瓷/聚合物基复合材料兼具了聚合物和压电陶瓷两相的优点,是新型的智能阻尼材料.叙述了压电陶瓷/聚合物基复合材料的阻尼性能表征、阻尼原理以及影响阻尼性能的主要因素,并展望了研究前景.指出从压电阻尼材料的基础理论、制备工艺和性能表征、结构与性能关系上寻找突破,可以获得可控的高阻尼压电复合材料.     

压电纤维复合材料桨叶的动力学建模

建立了压电纤维复合材料桨叶的非线性动力学模型。在此基础上,研究了压电纤维铺层对复合材料桨叶固有频率和桨叶扭转运动阻尼特性的影响。计算结果表明：桨叶扭转角变化量随着压电纤维施加电压的增加而增大;当电压为1000 V时,桨尖扭转角变化量大约为2°。压电纤维铺层对桨叶固有频率几乎没有影响,其存在不会改变原设计复合材料桨叶的频率分布。当压电纤维铺设方向与桨叶展向成45°时,其对桨叶扭转方向的阻尼特性有着很大的影响;采用适当的电压控制,可以明显增加扭转方向的阻尼。     

Kagome夹心板的多模态压电分流振动控制研究

针对Kagome夹心板的多模态振动控制问题,提出了一种独立模态压电分流振动控制方法。建立了结构与压电换能器耦合系统的有限元模型,之后详细阐述了Kagome夹心板的独立模态压电分流振动控制策略,并针对自由振动问题提出了一种实用的多分流电路参数优化方法。结果表明,提出的控制方法能显著提高Kagome夹心板结构的阻尼特性,加快自由振动的衰减,同时各压电分流电路之间具有很好的独立性。     

振动主动阻尼控制的理论原理及控制策略

本文应用模态控制理论,对主动阻尼控制的理论原理及控制策略问题进行了研究,并对主动阻尼控制技术中的压电阻尼技术进行了实验研究,结果表明,通过选取合适的压电材料和选择适当控制策略,可以有效地提高结构阻尼及实现振动控制目的.     

高阻尼木质陶瓷/MB15复合材料的制备及性能分析

由于高阻尼材料在防震减噪结构中有广泛的应用,为了获得阻尼性能和力学性能俱佳的材料,以木质陶瓷为浸渍载体用高温浸渍设备制备了木质陶瓷/MB15(以下简写为WCMs/MB15)复合材料,并对其微观结构、力学性能以及阻尼行为进行了研究。结果表明,WCMs/MB15复合材料浸渍效果良好,组织均匀且三维网络互穿结构明显,各项力学性能指标均明显提高。断口分析表明断裂机制为混合断裂。同时,复合材料的阻尼性能在木质陶瓷的基础上进一步改善并且随温度的升高而增加,随频率的增加而降低。组成相的阻尼以及位错阻尼可能是复合材料的室温阻尼机制,而高温阻尼机制以界面阻尼为主。     

Smart piezoelectric Fibre composites

Abstract

Piezoelectric materials are capable of actuation and sensing and have found uses in applications including ultrasonic transducers, hydrophones, micropositioning devices, accelerometers, and structural actuators. A composite configuration for structural actuation having significant advantages over conventional piezoelectric actuators has been conceived, and the recent development of piezoelectric ceramic fibres < 100 μ m in diameter has enabled this concept to be realised. It is envisaged that these composites will find uses in contour control, non-destructive testing, vibration suppression, and noise control. The possibility of computer control using closed loop systems has led to these composites emerging as potential 'smart' materials and structures. Since their conception, less than a decade ago, significant advances have been made in many areas concerned with composite performance, such as fibre and matrix technology and configuration optimisation. These advances are charted, the fibre, matrix, and electrode technologies are reviewed, and the manufacture, modelling, and applications of these new piezoelectric composites, known as active fibre composites, are discussed.     

Concept and model of a piezoelectric structural fiber for multifunctional composites

The use of piezoceramic materials for structural sensing and actuation is a fairly well developed practice that has found use in a wide variety of applications. However, just as advanced composites offer numerous benefits over traditional engineering materials for structural design, actuators that utilize the active properties of piezoelectric fibers can improve upon many of the limitations encountered when using monolithic piezoceramic devices. Several new piezoelectric fiber composites have been developed, however almost all studies have implemented these devices such that they are surface-bonded patches used for sensing or actuation. This paper will introduce a novel active piezoelectric structural fiber that can be laid up in a composite material to perform sensing and actuation, in addition to providing load bearing functionality. The sensing and actuation aspects of this multifunctional material will allow composites to be designed with numerous embedded functions including, structural health monitoring, power generation, vibration sensing and control, damping, and shape control through anisotropic actuation. A one-dimensional micromechanics model of the piezoelectric fiber will be developed to characterize the feasibility of constructing structural composite lamina with high piezoelectric coupling. The theoretical model will be validated through finite element (FE) modeling in ABAQUS. The results will show that the electromechanical coupling of a fiber-reinforced polymer composite incorporating the active structural fiber (ASF) could be more than 70% of the active constituent.     

重质粒子/NBR-PVC微孔阻尼复合材料的制备及其隔声性能

为了制备一种轻质高效的隔声材料,本研究以丁腈橡胶（NBR）和聚氯乙烯（PVC）共混为主体材料,采用一步模压发泡工艺制备了重质粒子（HMP）/NBR-PVC微孔阻尼复合材料。通过SEM、动态力学分析和声阻抗管测试探究了橡塑比对HMP/NBR-PVC复合材料泡孔结构、阻尼性能和隔声性能等方面的影响,并进一步对其隔声机制进行了分析。研究结果表明：微孔结构的存在增加了声能量在材料内部传播过程中的衰减,提高了HMP/NBR-PVC复合材料的隔声性能。NBR与PVC质量比为50：50的HMP/NBR-PVC微孔阻尼复合材料具有良好的泡孔结构、力学性能和阻尼性能,其隔声指数高达28.1 dB。这种质轻、质软且易加工的橡塑微孔阻尼复合材料对新型隔声材料开发与应用具有一定的指导意义。     

阻尼结构与高聚物阻尼材料

阻尼减振是以机械动力学和材料科学为基础的一门综合性技术，是解决振动和噪声的有效手段。近年来，我国阻尼减振技术的应用除在航空航天等尖端技术方面保持原有的优势外，在民用领域的应用仍不够广泛。为了进一步推动国内阻尼减振技术应用的发展，本文系统地对阻尼减振技术的基本概念、阻尼产生的机理及其数学描述、阻尼材料、阻尼结构设计及国外在这一领域的发展趋势进行了综合介绍与评述。     

Active vibration control of composite plate with optimal placement of piezoelectric patches

The active vibration control of a composite plate using discrete piezoelectric patches has been investigated. Based on first order shear deformation theory, a finite element model with the contributions of piezoelectric sensor and actuator patches to the mass and stiffness of the plate was used to derive the state space equation. A global optimization based on LQR performance is developed to find the optimal location of the piezoelectric patches. Genetic algorithm is adopted and implemented to evaluate the optimal configuration. The piezoelectric actuator provides a damping effect on the composite plate by means of LQR control algorithm. A correlation between the patches number and the closed loop damping coefficient is established.     

时域衰减信号的复合材料叶片阻尼不确定性测试

基于复合材料叶片的时域衰减信号,对其阻尼的不确定性进行测试研究。首先,组建复合材料叶片的阻尼测试系统,提出具体的阻尼不确定性测试流程,并通过"标准差"指标来量化表征某一阶阻尼的不确定性程度;然后,以三种不同类型的TC500碳纤维/树脂基复合材料直板叶片为研究对象,通过测试获取其在不同衰减时刻的阻尼结果,并证明其阻尼确实存在不确定性现象;最后,讨论激励幅度、边界条件、背景噪声对复合材料叶片某一阶阻尼不确定性的影响程度和影响规律,并提出采用线性平均法来准确获得其阻尼结果。     

UHM WPE-PUF复合材料结构设计与隔爆实验

采用层状复合工艺,制备了超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)-聚氨酯泡沫材料(PUF)复合材料;设计了复合材料隔爆实验,运用定制的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)压电传感器,直接测量了隔爆实验中材料内部冲击波压力,研究了UHMWPE-PUF复合材料对爆炸冲击波的衰减性能。研究表明,所制备的UHMWPE-PUF复合材料隔爆能力与同厚度的纯聚氨酯材料相比提高了近50%。将UHMWPE材料与PUF材料进行复合,可以充分发挥UHMWPE材料的高强、高模以及PUF材料较高的吸能特点,同时又弥补了PUF材料强度低的缺陷,且材料对爆炸冲击波的衰减性能得到极大提升,在爆炸防护领域有着很好的应用前景。     

Control of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of skew laminated composite plates using skew or rectangular 1–3 piezoelectric patches

This paper deals with the analysis of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) of geometrically nonlinear transient vibrations of skew laminated composite plates using skew or rectangular patches of the ACLD treatment. The constraining layer of the patch of the ACLD treatment is composed of the vertically/obliquely reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric composite material. The Golla–Hughes–McTavish method has been used to model the constrained viscoelastic layer of the ACLD treatment in the time domain. A coupled electromechanical nonlinear three dimensional finite element model of skew laminated thin composite plates integrated with the skew or rectangular patches of ACLD treatment has been derived. The performance of the patches is investigated for different configurations of their placements on the top surface of the skew substrate plates. The analysis reveals that the ACLD treatment significantly improves the active damping characteristics of the skew laminated composite plates over the passive damping for suppressing their geometrically nonlinear transient vibrations. It is found that even though the substrate laminated plates are skew, a rectangular patch of the ACLD treatment located at the centre of the top surface of the substrate should be used for optimum damping of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of skew laminated composite plates irrespective of their skew angles and boundary conditions. The effects of piezoelectric fiber orientation angle and the skew angles of the substrate plates on the control authority of the ACLD patches have been emphatically investigated.     

Micromechanics and damping properties of composites integrating shear thickening fluids

Damping is an important parameter for vibration control, noise reduction, fatigue endurance or impact resistance of composite materials. In this study, a micromechanical model was used to predict the damping of a composite material containing shear thickening fluids (STFs) at the fibre–matrix interfaces. Predictions of the model and dynamical mechanical analysis results are in concert. The damping of the composites was improved significantly. The dynamic properties exhibited a strong dependence on both frequency and applied external load amplitude. Damping peaks appeared which coincided with the thickening of the STF at the fibre–matrix interface. The location of the peaks depends on the onset of thickening and post-thickening rheological behaviour of the STF. This work shows that a micromechanics approach can be useful for an appropriate choice of microstructural design and properties of STFs in order to control the stiffness and damping behaviour of composites. STFs can be integrated at the microscale of polymer composites to create new materials with load-controlled adaptive dynamic stiffness-damping properties.