改性木素磺酸盐新型缓蚀剂及其性能的研究

介绍了木素磺酸盐改性为缓蚀剂GCL2的合成基本路线及分子的基本特点，通过电化学和挂片试验研究了GCL2的缓蚀性能。结果表明，改性木素磺酸盐缓蚀剂GCL2在中性水介质中，对碳钢的缓蚀性能优异。     

植酸与亚硝酸二环己胺气相缓蚀性能的比较

通过在植酸中加入氨水后不同pH值的气相缓蚀试验和在不同涂布量时的腐蚀失重试验，确定植酸作为气相防锈纸缓蚀剂使用时的最佳pH值为9左右，涂布量为20－30g/m^2。以亚硝酸二环己胺为参照，通过密闭空间挥发减量试验、气相快速甄别试验和湿热试验对其缓蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明植酸对黑色金属、镀锡钢板、镀锌钢板等缓蚀性能良好，优于亚硝酸二环己胺，但涂布量过高或过低时，容易引起过腐蚀，是危险型缓蚀剂。     

热力设备停用缓蚀剂的研究

通过高压釜试验和电化学极化曲线测试并结合硫酸点滴和水滴评价试验，评价了新型热力设备停用保护缓蚀剂（TW）对热力设备的几种主要钢材的缓蚀效果，用XPS表面分析方法探讨了TW的缓蚀机理。结果表明：TW通过同金属表面的Fe原子发生化学配位形成一层致密的保护膜，是一种性能良好的热力设备停用保护缓蚀剂。     

甲基哌嗪的气相缓蚀能力探讨

为了开发无毒和低毒的气相缓蚀剂,通过气相甄别试验和湿热试验研究了甲基哌嗪类化合物对钢铁的气相缓蚀能力.结果表明,呱嗪类化合物具有较好的热稳定性和气相缓蚀性能,毒性较低,性能稳定,可作为黑色金属的中短期气相缓蚀剂应用.     

H－93氯乙烯转化器循环冷却水缓蚀阻垢剂的研制

通过静态、动态、电化学测试和现场试验证明，研制的Ｈ－９３缓蚀阻垢剂具有高防护性能。这种缓蚀阻垢剂以钼酸盐为主要缓蚀组分，按照缓蚀剂的协同效应原理，与无机缓蚀剂Ｇ、有机缓蚀剂Ｅ复配并添加适量阻垢剂Ｂ而组成。Ｈ－９３缓蚀阻垢剂为白色粉末固体，水分＜３％，ｐＨ（０．２％０溶液）≥７，热分解温度≥２３０℃，当浓度达２００×１０（－４）％时，在高温循环冷却水中具有优良的缓蚀阻垢性能。     

H—93氯乙烯转化器循环冷却水缓蚀阻垢剂的研制

通过静态、动态、电化学测试和现场试验证明，研制的Ｈ－９３缓蚀阻垢具有高防护性能。这种缓蚀阻垢剂以钼酸盐为缓蚀组分，按照缓蚀剂的协同效应原理，与无机缓蚀剂Ｇ、有机缓蚀剂Ｅ复配并添加适量阻则组成。Ｈ－９３缓蚀阻垢剂为白色粉末固体，水分〈３％，ＰＨ（０．２‰溶液）≥７，热分解温度≥２３０℃，当浓度达２００×１０＾－４％时，在高温循环冷却水中具有优良的缓蚀垢性能。     

绿色气相缓蚀剂的复配及其缓蚀性能研究

目的 为解决单组分绿色气相缓蚀剂缓蚀性能差的问题,复配一种绿色复合气相缓蚀剂,探究其对碳钢和黄铜金属试样的缓蚀作用。方法 采用腐蚀质量损失、接触角、电化学等试验测试分析复合气相缓蚀剂对碳钢、黄铜的缓蚀效果与成膜耐久性。结果 复合气相缓蚀剂对10号钢、H62黄铜的缓蚀效率分别为84.71%、91.67%,缓蚀性能显著优于单组分气相缓蚀剂;复合气相缓蚀剂在10号钢、H62黄铜表面均形成了缓蚀膜,H62黄铜表面形成的缓蚀膜较10号钢的更具耐久性。结论 与单组分气相缓蚀剂相比,该复合气相缓蚀剂对碳钢、黄铜均具备良好的缓蚀作用,为绿色气相缓蚀剂的防锈包装应用提供支撑。     

复配气相缓蚀剂对多种金属大气腐蚀的综合保护作用研究

为了应对海洋大气环境中电子设备容易被腐蚀的难题,制备了一种复配气相缓蚀剂。通过半封闭空间挥发减量试验、缓蚀膜疏水性表征、模拟环境和海洋大气环境试验等评价了复配气相缓蚀剂对钢、T2紫铜、黄铜、银、铝等电子设备常用金属的气相缓蚀性能。结果表明:复配气相缓蚀剂对以上金属均具有显著的缓蚀作用,其中对钢的缓蚀率为86.9%,对T2紫铜为58.7%,对黄铜为96.2%,对银和铝在模拟腐蚀环境中具有一级气相缓蚀能力,是一种性能优良的电子设备多金属大气腐蚀综合防护材料。     

蒙脱土改性气相缓蚀剂的制备及性能研究

采用蒙脱土对吗啉类气相缓蚀剂进行改性,通过气相防锈甄别试验和气相缓蚀能力试验,对改性气相缓蚀剂进行了防锈性能评定,结果表明,蒙脱土的引入增强了气相缓蚀剂的缓蚀能力.密闭空间挥发减重试验表明,改性气相缓蚀剂的挥发能力有所提高.模拟大气腐蚀水的电化学极化曲线表明,蒙脱土的引入进一步增大了对阳极和阴极电化学过程的抑制作用.     

油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯对钢铁缓蚀性能的影响

合成了油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯，并采用失重法，防锈试验方法评定了其在水溶液中对钢铁的缓蚀性能，对合成物进行了红外光谱表征和电化学极化曲线测定以及对钢铁缓蚀性能的分析，并评定了其表面张力和清洗性能，结果表明，该合成物在水溶液中对钢铁有较强的缓蚀性能，可用作水溶液中黑色金属的有机缓蚀剂。     

金相学史话 (4):合金钢的早期发展史

Faraday进入皇家学院(Royal Institutio n)后,在1820-1822年间从事包括铜、镍、铬及贵金属在内的合金钢研究,尽管未发展出有实际用途的钢种,也可算是合金钢研究的先驱.1856年转炉炼钢法出现后,钢产量猛增,Mu sh et高碳高钨自淬火刀具钢应运而生(1868),逐渐发展成18\|4\|1高速钢(1906).Hadfield在 1882年研制出高碳高锰奥氏体耐磨钢,成分至今未变.他还研制出硅钢片,并在1903年制出第一台铁损小的变压器.Brearley在1913年研制出低碳高铬(1Cr13)马氏体不锈钢,在这之后,铬镍奥氏体不锈钢才问世.本世纪初汽车工业的兴起,促进了合金结构钢的发展(合金钢牌号前面冠以SAE就是美国汽车工程师学会的缩写),而两次世界大战都伴随有合金钢的产量及品种的大发展.     

Combined Computational and Experimental Study on the Adsorption and Inhibition Effects of N2O2 Schiff Base on the Corrosion of API 5L Grade B Steel in 1 mol/L HCI

The electrochemical behavior of low carbon steel （API 5L grade B） in 1 mol/L HCI solution with different concentrations of N,Nr-bis（4-formylphenol）-trimethylenediamine Schiff base was studied by electrochemical techniques and density functional theory analysis. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing inhibitor concentration and decreased with increasing temperature. The high inhibition efficiency was attributed to the blocking of active sites by adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the steel surface. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption and activation processes were determined. Galvanostatic polarization data indicated that Schiff base act as a mixed-type inhibitor and the adsorption isotherm obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Results obtained from quantum chemical studies show excellent correlations between the quantum chemical parameters and the experimental inhibition efficiencies using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G（d,p） and B3LYP/3-21G basis set levels and ab initio calculations using HF/6-31G（d,p） and HF/3-21G methods.     

咪唑啉在高温碱性环境中对碳钢的成膜机理研究

合成了一种新型咪唑啉类缓蚀剂OM－2，探讨了OM－2在高温碱性条件下对碳钢的成膜机理。用DTA研究了OM－2的热分解温度。用IR和XPS等方法研究了高温试验后产物的结构变化以及成膜试片表面的元素组成。试验结果表明，高温条件下，咪唑啉发生开环反应，生成了酰胺类物质。OM－2是一种成膜型缓蚀剂，通过五元环上的氮原子与试片表面的铁发生化学反应而形成致密的膜。     

葡萄糖与甘氨酸反应产物对碳钢的缓蚀效果

为了解葡萄糖与甘氨酸反应产物对碳钢的缓蚀效果,采用失重法、电化学法并结合扫描电镜观察,研究了葡萄糖与甘氨酸反应产物(PGG)对碳钢在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的腐蚀抑制作用。结果发现:PGG对碳钢表现出很好的缓蚀效果,缓蚀效率随添加浓度的增加而增加,在最大浓度250 mg/L时,表现出最好的缓蚀效果,缓蚀效率为94.7%,且缓蚀效率随温度升高而降低。PGG同时抑制了碳钢腐蚀的阴极还原反应和阳极氧化反应过程,为混合型缓蚀剂,是通过多组分的物理和化学联合吸附,在碳钢表面上形成保护性覆盖层,将碳钢与酸溶液隔离,从而起到缓蚀作用,其吸附行为遵循Langmuir吸附等温模型。葡萄糖与甘氨酸反应产物(PGG)是碳钢在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的优良缓蚀剂。     

A green and effective corrosion inhibitor of functionalized carbon dots

In this work, a green and effective corrosion inhibitor of functionalized carbon dots (FCDs) was synthesized by the conjugation of imidazole and citric acid carbon dots (CA-CDs). The corrosion inhibition behavior of FCDs for Q235 steel in 1 M HCl solution was systematically investigated by electrochemical analysis, corrosion morphology and adsorption isotherm. The electrochemical results implied that the as-prepared FCDs inhibitor could effectively suppress the corrosion of Q235 steel in 1 M HCl solution. At the same time, the inhibition efficiency of steel in 1 M HCl solution was more than 90% when the inhibitor concentration exceeded 100 mg/L. This excellent property was attributed to the coverage of adsorption film on the steel surface, which conformed to the Langmuir adsorption model. In addition, the analysis of adsorption isotherm displayed that the adsorption mechanism was the physicochemical interaction at the steel/solution interface.     

Inhibition of carbon steel corrosion by imidazoline in carbon dioxide saturated oilfield brine solution

This work focuses on the testing of imidazoline based corrosion inhibitor and the inhibition of carbon steel corrosion caused by carbon dioxide saturated oilfield brine solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization, anodic and cathodic polarization (Tafel extrapolation method) measurements were carried out. In order to investigate imidazoline based corrosion inhibitor efficiency, carbon dioxide saturated oilfield brine solution without inhibitor and solution with added different concentrations of imidazoline based corrosion inhibitor were tested. Those results were compared. Influence of testing solution temperature and stirring of testing solution on the corrosion inhibitor efficiency were investigated. On the basis of obtained results it can be concluded that optimal concentration of imidazoline based corrosion inhibitor is 50 ppm for the successful and effective corrosion protection of pipelines made of carbon steel under test conditions similar to typical oilfield conditions (35°C, atmospheric pressure, stirring rate 400 min^–1).     

抗CO2腐蚀的气-液双相缓蚀剂的研究

在油气开发中，CO2对钢铁管道的腐蚀是影响安全生产的主要问题，采用有机缓蚀刺来控制CO2腐蚀是一种操作简便、行之有效的方法。以吗啉衍生物与咪唑啉衍生物、硫脲及丙炔醇进行复配得到一种抗CO2腐蚀的气．液双相缓蚀剂。采用静态挂片失重法，研究吗啉衍生物及其复配物对抑制CO2对N80钢腐蚀的效果。试验表明，该吗啉衍生物与咪唑啉衍生物、硫脲及丙炔醇复配后对抑制CO2的腐蚀有很好的效果。在实验条件下，该缓蚀剂的加入量为500mg／L时，气相中的缓蚀效率为93．6％．液相中的缓蚀效率为96．9％，是一种高效气-液双相缓蚀剂。     

Effect of PWVA/Sb2O3 complex inhibitor on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in 55%LiBr solution

The inhibition performance of PWVA/Sb₂O₃ complex inhibitor on carbon steel was studied in 55%LiBr + 0.07 mol L⁻¹ LiOH solution. Results indicated that the complex inhibitor decreased both anodic and cathodic polarization current density and widened the passive potential region of carbon steel in test solution and can be classified as mixed inhibitor. The complex inhibitor exhibited excellent inhibition performance on carbon steel when the concentrations of PWVA and Sb₂O₃ were 300 and 200 mg L⁻¹, respectively. With the solution temperature increasing from 145 to 240 °C, the corrosion rates of carbon steel increased from 4.71 to 120.66 μm y⁻¹. In solution containing the complex inhibitor, the relationship between relative coverage ratio of inhibitor on carbon steel surface and inhibition efficiency at 145 °C was obtained as the equation μ = 0.94η, it was a direct proportion. This result proved that the complex inhibitor inhibited the corrosion of carbon steel by geometric blocking effect. When solution temperature was 160 °C, the adsorption Gibbs free energy of PWVA and Sb₂O₃ on carbon steel were −49.59 and −44.29 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. It indicated that the adsorption processes of PWVA and Sb₂O₃ on carbon steel surface were spontaneous processes. As a strong oxidant, PWVA facilitated the compact passive film comprising of FeO, Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ forming on the surface and itself was reduced to heteropoly blue. Sb₂O₃ adsorbed on carbon steel surface formed an adsorption film. PWVA and Sb₂O₃ behaved synergistic effect. The corrosion resistance performance of carbon steel in 55%LiBr + 0.07 mol L⁻¹ LiOH solution was improved by PWVA/Sb₂O₃ complex inhibitor.     

Influence of solution chemistry and surface condition on the critical inhibitor concentration for solutions typical of hot potassium carbonate CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> removal plant

This research studied the influence of steel surface condition and solution chemistry on the critical inhibitor concentration required for spontaneous passivation of carbon steel in solutions typical of hot potassium carbonate plant (HPC). The inhibitor was added to the solution as V₂O₅. The critical inhibitor concentration depended on solution composition and on the steel surface condition. An inhibitor concentration of 30 g/l may be required to ensure spontaneous passivation under all conditions. The spontaneous passivation of clean polished carbon steel surfaces required a critical inhibitor concentration of 0.5–1.8 g/l. A minimum level of V⁵⁺ is required for inhibition, so that monitoring the V⁵⁺ concentration may be crucial to successfully managing corrosion protection in plant.     

新型高效酸性缓蚀剂DLY对碳钢和铜的缓蚀作用

研制了一种新型缓蚀剂ＤＬＹ,其对碳钢和铜在盐酸介质中的缓蚀效果,通过交流阻抗法测量其电极电位和极化曲线,进行了配方优选和缓蚀效果评价,确认０．３％的ＤＬＹ对两种材料的缓蚀效率均超过９０％,效果良好,缓蚀作用机理为覆盖效应,已在电厂热力设备的清洗中获得满意的应用。