贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的煅烧及其性能

采用正交试验方法研究了贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥熟料的煅烧条件.实验表明:该水泥熟料的最佳煅烧温度为1 350℃,保温时间为90min,冷却方式是急冷.同时发现,水泥中石膏的最佳掺量为5%(质量分数).所制备的贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的3 d和28 d抗压强度分别为26A MPa和80.4MPa,显示有良好的早期力学性能;石膏能促进该水泥的水化硬化,增加钙矾石在水化早期的形成数量,这是水泥早期强度提高的主要原因.对水泥熟料及其水化产物的组成、结构和形貌进行了分析.该水泥熟料的主要矿物组成为贝利特、阿利特和硫铝酸钡钙,主要水化产物有水化硅酸钙凝胶、钙矾石和氢氧化钙等.     

全固废高贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥熟料矿物的形成研究

以脱硫石油焦渣、粉煤灰及电石渣等工业固体废弃物为主要原料，辅掺少量铝矾土，烧制一种以无水硫铝酸钙（C4A3S）、硅酸二钙（C2S）和铁铝酸四钙（C4AF）为主要矿物的绿色高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥熟料。利用XRD和TG-DSC相结合的分析方法研究了煅烧温度、煅烧时间及升温速率对水泥熟料烧成的影响。结果表明：该水泥熟料的烧成温度在1?200~1?300 ℃之间，煅烧区间为100 ℃，最佳煅烧温度为1?280 ℃，保温时间45 min及升温速率10 ℃/min，该煅烧条件下制得的水泥熟料1 d、3 d、28 d强度分别可达32.7 MPa、37.5 MPa和58.5 MPa，当煅烧温度高于1?300 ℃或煅烧时间过长时，容易造成C4A3S的分解，从而影响水泥熟料性能。     

水热合成-低温煅烧硫铝酸钙水泥熟料矿物的形成过程EI北大核心CSCD

以水热合成-低温煅烧法制备低温型硫铝酸钙（C4A3$）-贝利特水泥熟料,用X射线衍射、热重-差热分析、扫描电镜等分析了水热合成产物种类、煅烧过程中矿物相衍变,进而分析C4A3$的低温形成机制。结果表明：90℃水热合成物的比表面积高达76 800 m^2/kg,煅烧时水化硫铝酸钙AFm和AFt在650℃生成C（12）A7,750℃开始形成C4A3$,于1 100℃形成完全,其形貌为五角十二面型聚体。煅烧过程中无明显SO3质量变化,且烧成温度比一步法低200~250℃。水热合成物及其高比表面积是C4A3$低温形成的主要原因,而低温烧成是低硫排放的主要因素。     

利用低品位铝矾土和铸造废砂制备高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥的研究

采用正交试验研究利用低品位铝矾土、铸造废砂、石灰石、石膏等原料制备高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥的煅烧条件.对生料热稳定性、水泥熟料组成及其水化产物形貌等进行测试表征.可初步确定熟料的煅烧温度范围在1250～1360℃,该水泥熟料的主要矿物组成为贝利特和无水硫铝酸钙,用X-射线K值法定量分析熟料物相组成与理论计算值基本接近.该水泥的主要水化产物有钙矾石、水化硅酸钙凝胶、单硫型水化硫铝酸钙等.实验研究表明:煅烧温度1300℃,保温时间90 min,急冷,制得的高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥凝结时间短,初凝时间30 min,终凝仅40 min,28 d水泥净浆强度可达65.4 MPa,胶砂强度与市售42.5硫铝酸盐水泥相比,早期强度比较接近,后期强度高出10％.     

烧成气氛对阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥熟料矿物形成与性能的影响

探讨了烧成气氛对阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥熟料矿物形成与水泥性能的影响。结果表明:在氧化气氛条件下,1300℃煅烧30min即可保证熟料矿物良好形成,而还原气氛、较高煅烧温度和较长保温时间等条件均不利于熟料矿物形成。氧化气氛下煅烧的熟料,水泥强度均高于还原气氛下的水泥强度,且终凝时间缩短。     

快凝快硬高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥熟料烧成过程研究

利用XRD和TG-DSC分析相结合的方法,研究了快凝快硬高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥熟料的烧成过程.研究结果表明:该水泥熟料的烧成温度范围在1250~1350℃之间,即(1300±50)℃,烧成范围与普通硫铝酸盐水泥熟料一样为100℃,但烧成温度要低50℃.当温度在1250℃以上时,硫的分解明显增加,因此快硬快硬高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥熟料烧成温度不宜超过1350℃,以免硫的分解过多,造成C4A3(S)的分解,降低水泥强度.     

阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥的试生产

阿利特－硫铝酸盐水泥是近年来出现的新品种水泥，该水泥熟料的主要矿物组成有C３S、C２S、C４A３S、C４AF和CS，所制成的水泥具有水化快、早期强度高、水化时体积收缩小或不收缩、耐腐蚀等优点。生产该水泥的主要矛盾是阿利特相和硫铝酸钙相在熟料中的共存问题。因为C４A３S主要是在１２００～１３００℃形成，１３５０℃以上开始分解，大于１４００℃时加速分解，而C３S则是在１４００℃左右才大量形成，所以降低熟料的煅烧温度是成功的关键。为此我们利用一些原材料的特性，降低熟料烧成时液相出现的温度以及液相粘度，从而使阿利…     

烧成温度对低热水泥性能的影响及其机理研究

检测了不同烧成温度制成的低热水泥的物理性能及水化速率，并采用岩相分析、XRD、EDS﹑化学分析方法研究了不同烧成温度对低热水泥熟料岩相结构﹑矿物组成、矿物晶型及矿物固溶组分的影响。结果表明，低温烧制的熟料中C4A3S的生成及C3A、C4AF含量相对较多是低温烧制的低热水泥早期强度较高的主要原因;而高温烧成的熟料中高温晶型C2S含量高，B矿中固溶SO3、Al2O3、Fe2O3多，B矿的Ca/Si增高，水化活性增大，这是高温烧成的低热水泥后期强度较高的主要原因。     

一种新形态钙矾石—管状钙矾石

用扫描电镜、Ｘ射线能谱仪观测和分析了硫铝酸盐水泥系列的水化产物钙矾石的一种特殊显微形貌－管状钙矾石。在水泥净浆试体中、界面上、不同石膏掺量的水泥浆试体、砂浆试体、水化的熟料颗粒中均可观测到管状钙矾石。它的形成可能与非平衡状态生产的熟料中Ｃ４Ａ３Ｓ矿相的某种晶体结构有关。     

0～20℃养护下硅酸盐水泥水化时钙矾石的生成及转变

采用X射线衍射仪及核磁共振仪研究了0、5、10、20℃硅酸盐水泥水化产物钙矾石的生成及转变。结果表明：硅酸盐水泥水化1d至180d,4种养护温度下钙矾石生成量皆先增大后减小,但该规律随养护温度不同而不同：在10℃和20℃养护时,钙钒石生成量在水化3 d时达到最大,0℃和5℃养护时,水化28d时才达到最大;而从水化龄期来看,钙矾石生成量在水化1d时20℃养护时最高（10.2%）,水化3d时10℃养护时最高（12.1%）,3～180 d时0℃时最高;此外,低温养护显著延迟了钙矾石向单硫型水化硫铝酸钙转变。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。