Conical-reflector antennas

The mechanical advantages of a singly curved conical reflector are demonstrated by the experimental test of a furlable 1.83 m conical-Gregorian antenna at 16.33 GHz. The measured gain of 47.5 dB corresponds to a net efficiency of over 57 percent. A ray-optics analysis of conical-reflector antennas is presented, and data useful in the design of conical antennas is given. The conical-Gregorian antenna, in which a subreflector is used in conjunction with a conventional horn feed, is considered in detail. A physical-optics analysis of the conical-Gregorian antenna is used to investigate diffraction and other effects, and to analytically confirm the high performance of the antenna. It is concluded that conical antennas are a valuable addition to available antenna-design concepts.     

一种新型微带馈电的圆锥喇叭天线设计

设计了一种微带馈电双极化喇叭天线。该喇叭天线的辐射层中心为一圆锥喇叭孔的金属波导材料,通过双层正交的三角形带状线馈电结构来实现双极化,最下层加入金属反射腔来抑制背向辐射,提高天线增益。利用HFSS电磁仿真软件对天线进行优化仿真,仿真结果表明,该喇叭天线在Ku波段上行(14.0～14.5 GHz)和下行(12.25～12.75 GHz)的反射系数VSWR均＜2,两个端口的增益均＞8 dB。该喇叭天线体积小,增益高,采用微带馈电的形式,适合作为Ku波段卫星地面通信系统的天线单元。     

Paraboloidal reflector offset fed with a corrugated conical horn

A paraboloidal reflector, offset fed with a corrugated conical horn, has been examined as a possible antenna for use in millimeter wave communications systems when minimization of interference is an important consideration. Low far-out and back-lobe radiation were primary objectives. Experimentally obtained data, representative of performance at 37 GHz, is presented. When appropriately shielded to limit spillover, levels more than 75 dB below the main beam maximum have been obtained in the far-out and back-lobe regions.     

一种低成本的雷达诱饵辐射器

通过用表面电流法计算和实验发现:文中的2种圆锥形反射面天线可分别产生有效口径的半功率宽度较宽的、增益不低的扇形波束和针状波束;同时.较大的制造公差对2种圆锥形反射面天线的特性的影响不大.2种圆锥形反射面天线适合用作雷达诱饵辐射器,具有其他产生相同形状波束的天线所不具备的易于加工、成本极低的优点.     

Antenne spirales équiangulaires planes á quatre brins à réflecteur conique et à cavité, encastrée dans une structure (Plane equiangular 4-arm spiral antenna with conical reflector and cavity, fitted into a structure)

We present an experimental study of the radiation characteristics of a plane equiangular 4-arm spiral antenna with conical reflector and cylindrical cavity, fitted into a structure. When the spiral is on a level with the aperture of the cavity, the antenna is frequency independent. The bandwidth is greater than an octave (1 :2.66). When the spiral is included in the cavity, the antenna radiates as a circular aperture with equality of the E? and E? components over a 1 : 1.71 bandwidth and is no longer frequency independent. In all cases studied, the antenna possesses yery good symmetrical radiating patterns and circular polarisation.     

加载EBG反射板的圆极化偶极子天线

本文介绍了一种通过加载电磁带隙结构(Electromagnetic band gap,EBG)反射板来辐射圆极化电磁波的偶极子天线。该EBG反射板由矩形单元组成7×5阵列,印制偶极子天线谐振中心频点是5.2GHz。从仿真结果看,该偶极子天线能够有效地辐射圆极化波,阻抗带宽达到了0.65GHz,极化带宽达到了0.13GHz,天线增益达到了7.8 d B。     

Switchable circular disk antenna for RCS and mobile communications applications

In this paper, we describe the operation of a low profile, 3 mm deep, circular disk antenna which requires a small ground plane, and incorporates a shorting bar which can be rotated. The position of the shorting bar determines the return loss and radiation characteristics of the antenna element. In one mode at 2.34 GHz the antenna exhibits a return loss of better than -25 dB, 5 dBi gain, and a conical/monopole beam pattern suitable for radar tracking/mobile communications applications. When the short circuit is positioned at 90 degrees the return loss at 3.52 GHz becomes -18 dB, 7 dBi gain, and the antenna exhibits normal linear polarized broadside cosine radiation characteristics. In addition when the short circuit is positioned at zero degrees at 3.52 GHz the antenna gives -1 dB return loss and by reciprocity will act as a reflector to incoming energy. Theoretical results are provided in support of the experimental results observed and are used to explain the operating mechanisms of the antenna.     

An improvement in electrical characteristics of a short backfire antenna

A short backfire (SBF) antenna is considered to be a favorable option for a compact and high efficiency shipboard antenna in maritime satellite communications. Though the SBF antenna has many attractive characteristics, it has a demerit of narrow frequency bandwidths because of its leaky cavity operation in principle. The electrical characteristics of a conventional SBF antenna have been improved by changing its main reflector from a flat disk to a conical plane and by adding a second small reflector. Frequency bandwidths of 20 percent for VSWR's under 1.5 can be obtained by the improved SBF antenna.     

Parametric study of the crosspolarisation efficiency of parabolic reflectors

The crosspolarisation efficiency of a reflector antenna is the ratio between the peak crosspolarisation from the complete antenna to that from the feed. The results of a parametric study into this factor for parabolic reflectors fed by a mathematical model of a common class of feeds are presented, and it is concluded that the efficiency is typically ?4 to ?6 dB.     

均匀照射赋形反射面天线设计

为提高反射面天线的照射均匀性，利用波束赋形技术设计一款工作在15 GHz的高性能偏置反射面天线.该天线由一个非均匀有理B样条（non-uniform rational B-splines，NURBS）反射面和一个介质棒馈源组成，NURBS反射面通过物理光学法结合Nelder-Mead优化算法来赋形，从而获得理想的天线辐射场.仿真结果表明，赋形后的反射面天线相对旁瓣电平低于-20 dB，增益在-2.7°~2.7°的波束范围内超过20 dBi，且浮动不超过1 dB.该天线具有结构简单、旁瓣低、增益均匀的特点，在卫星通信等领域具有重要作用.     

一款面向5G微基站的双频双极化电磁偶极子天线的设计与分析

小型化是进行5G微基站天线设计的重要考虑因素,文中设计了一款适用于5G微基站的电磁偶极子天线. 天线由一对正交放置的单极化电磁偶极子、一对交叉放置的渐变式Γ形馈电线、一个圆形寄生贴片和一块正方形反射板组成,工作频段为2.50~3.62 GHz和4.8~5.0 GHz,能够覆盖工信部规定的5G的全部中频段. 在工作频带内,天线的输入回波损耗小于?10 dB;端口隔离度在低频段小于?25 dB,在高频段小于?42 dB;仿真平均增益在高、低频部分分别为5.57 dBi和9.84 dBi. 该天线能够实现双频段和双极化,可以作为小型化微基站天线设计的参考,同时为5G天线的商用化提供参考.     

卫星通信伞天线的研究与设计

随着材料科学的发展,轻型、可折叠、易携带的反射面天线逐渐推广和取代了一些特殊场合的金属固面反射面天线。文中利用FEKO中MOM与PO相结合的算法,仿真设计了一种理论值可达42 dB以上的单偏置抛物面天线,利用具有良好电磁波反射性能的银纤维布和雨伞结构制作了该天线。对反射面天线的轻便化、小型化、移动化提供了思路。     

Radiation characteristics of a waveguide-excited short backfire-fedparabolic reflector operating in Q-band

Presents measured results at 31-38 GHz of the radiation characteristics of a 0.252 m diameter parabolic dish fed at the prime focus by a short backfire antenna. The feed consists of an experimentally optimised design of a short backfire antenna, having a conical main reflector of 15° slant angle. The measured radiation patterns of the reflector system generally agree quite well with the prediction based on aperture field integration     

On the use of a conical cornucopia antenna to reduce EMI

The wide-angle radiation form a prime-fed parabolic reflector antenna and the associated EMI (electromagnetic interference) it produces can be greatly reduced by constructing the antenna in the form of an absorber-lined conical cornucopia (CC). Measured RPEs (radiation pattern envelopes) are inspected for the case where all antennas have about a 10-ft diameter and 43-dBi gain at 6 GHz and typify the type of WAR (wide-angle radiation)-RPE improvement achievable if scaled to other bands/sizes. It is shown that the CC's RPEs for angles from about 10 full half-power beamwidths (here 10°) and beyond, and most especially from about 30 full half-power beamwidths (here 30°) and beyond, are vastly superior to those of either the standard or improved (UHX/UMX) parabolic dishes. Indeed, it is seen that the CC's RPE levels are about 95 dB down from on axis for angles greater than about 90°. In other words, the CC's wide-angle RPE is about 40 dB lower than that of a standard parabolic-dish antenna of the same gain. These very low WAR levels then greatly mitigate the EMI to adjacent microwave routes in terrestrial radio relay applications     

Improved feeding structures to enhance the performance of the reflector impulse radiating antenna (IRA)

This paper considers the improvement of the feeding structure of the reflector impulse radiating antenna (IRA). Full-wave analysis and measured results of the orthogonal cross-coplanar plate reflector IRA shows that the aperture fields are not uniform. The arm angle is varied as an optimization factor and it is shown that the arm angle of 70/spl deg/ has the maximum radiation efficiency. The termination load and the arm tapering effects are studied using simulation and measurement results. Furthermore, the effect of radius of circle of symmetry is studied and it is shown that a greater circle provides higher gain. A combination of transverse electromagnetic (TEM) horn antenna and the conical coplanar TEM transmission line is investigated to avoid tiny structure at the focal point and make the connection between the coaxial cable and the feeding arms more convenient. It is shown that a small triangle does not degrade the antenna performance but helps to excite the antenna by a coaxial cable. Finally a combination of the Vivaldi antenna and the coplanar transmission line is introduced to improve the antenna performance. The simulation results for the new antenna show that the antenna efficiency is improved to 45% at the frequency band between 2 GHz to 6 GHz in comparison to the 20.9% for the traditional design and 29.7% for the tapered design. The calculated far-field results of all these antennas are used to radiate a 0.5 ns impulse. The radiated impulse from the Vivaldi fed reflector IRA is 3.55, 2.41, and 2.12 dB higher than the same radiated impulses from the reflector IRA fed by a 45/spl deg/ traditional feeding arms, 70/spl deg/ traditional feeding arms, and 70/spl deg/ tapered feeding arms, respectively.     

Offset spherical dual-reflector antenna

The dual offset spherical reflector antenna offers the advantage of a circularly symmetric main reflector together with a subreflector possessing an axis of symmetry. These features could lead to significant cost reductions in manufacture compared to existing offset designs. Initial results of a parametric study, using physical optics, show that 64% efficiency is possible with a peak crosspolar level below ?35 dB, together with very low sidelobes.     

Triple corner reflector antenna and its performance in H-plane

An experimental investigation of a novel corner reflector antenna with improved performance is reported. The corner reflector antenna has been structurally modified by attaching two more reflector elements. The parameters such as the primary corner angle, position, width and angle of the secondary elements have significant effects on the H-plane radiation characteristics of the antenna. Certain symmetric configurations of this triple corner reflector (TCR) antenna provide sharp beams with a gain of the order of 3 dB over that of the conventional corner reflector (CR) antenna     

A magnetic current loop array in a reflector antenna

A magnetic current loop antenna array is designed, implemented, and measured. Radiation pattern, input impedance, and efficiency of the array are presented. The array is intended as a feed in a reflector antenna. Using a 360 mm solid dish, the overall gain of the reflector antenna is 24.6 dB at 9 GHz. The tolerance in placing the feed at the focal point of the dish is high. The present feed is low cost, self-supportive, robust, and easy to manufacture. It is an ideal substitute for the horn in a TVRO or VSAT antenna     

Comparisons between a shaped and nonshaped small Cassegrain antenna

An X-band 8.5-ft brassboard antenna system was designed and developed which required a 70% total antenna efficiency and a 25 dB isolation between the circularly polarized transmit and receive ports. To maximize the aperture efficiency, a shaping technique was used to generate a specially contoured subreflector and main reflector. To reduce cost, a configuration was chosen such that the shaped main reflector could be matched with negligible phase error using a commercially available paraboloid. The antenna gain of this shaped system with an electrically small subreflector (10.7 λ) is 0.75 dB higher than that of a conventional system using the same paraboloid and a matching hyperbolic subreflector. Measured results demonstrated that even for a small system the antenna performance can be appreciably improved at low cost by using a shaped subreflector     

Cylindrical and three-dimensional corner reflector antennas

Two reflector antennas are proposed. The first is constructed by adding a cylindrical reflecting surface of suitable radius to theV-shaped corner reflector antenna. The feeding element is a half-wavelength dipole. The resulting cylindrical corner reflector provided a 2 dB increase in gain, minimum sidelobe level, low input reactance, and uncritical dependence of performance on frequency. The second antenna is constructed by adding a cylindrical surface to the three-dimensional corner reflector. This extension provided an increase in gain of at least 6.5 dB, an input resistance compatible with the commercially available 50- or75-Omegacoaxial cables, low input reactance, and uncritical dependence of performance on frequency. A grid-type cylindrical corner reflector antenna, and a three-dimensional corner reflector antenna with a cylindrical subsurface of finite reflecting surfaces were designed, and the measured input impedances, gains, and field patterns showed excellent agreement with the theoretical results for both antennas.