中药中黄曲霉毒素检测技术的研究进展

随着中医药技术的不断发展,人民对中医药的需求日益增长,潜在的中药质量安全隐患仍旧突出.黄曲霉毒素是影响中药材安全问题的重要因素之一,目前已有多种方法被用于检测黄曲霉毒素.本文主要介绍了近年来中药材中黄曲霉毒素的一些检测方法,并对各自优点进行了比较.     

食品中痕量黄曲霉毒素B1的分析

联用高效液相色谱－荧光分光光度法，测定食品中黄曲霉毒素Ｂ１的含量。     

黄曲霉毒素的酶学检测方法及应用

黄曲霉毒素是由黄曲霉菌产生的一种次级代谢产物,对人和动物都有很大的伤害。黄曲霉毒素会通过被污染的谷物、粮食、饲料等以及通过用污染的饲料喂养动物而进入人体,从而对人畜产生致癌、致畸等危害,因此,准确地检测食品中的黄曲霉毒素含量具有重要的意义。本文论述了黄曲霉毒素的酶学检测方法,并就其应用进行讨论。     

大米中黄曲霉毒素B_1的风险评估

大米在贮存的过程中极易发霉,尤其是被黄曲霉污染而导致黄曲霉毒素超过国家标准。人食用含黄曲霉毒素超标的食品,会导致肝脏损伤甚至发生癌变。为了解我市大米中黄曲霉毒素B1的安全现状,建立我市大米中黄曲霉毒素B1的应急对策,并从危害识别、危害描述、暴露评估和风险特征等方面进行风险评估。     

免疫亲和柱法测定小麦中黄曲霉毒素

本文研究了用正相高效液相色谱仪附荧光检测器测定小麦中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、C1、C2。黄曲霉毒素用甲醇－水（70＋30）提取，提取液经免疫亲和柱富集、净化，于液相色谱仪上测定。本实验采用添加法测定回收率，添加水平为0.11-3.9μg/kg时，其平均回收率为87.9%-102.5%。本方法的最低检测限为0.1μg/kg。     

酶联免疫法检测牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M1的应用

黄曲霉毒素M1所带来的乳品安全一直是人们关心的话题,测定黄曲霉毒素M1的方法有薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱法、酶联免疫吸附测定法、质谱法、放射免疫测定法等,其中酶联免疫检测法具有特异性强、灵敏度高、分析时间短、成本低的优点,对酶联免疫法检测牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M1的原理、程序、注意事项等进行综述。     

酶联免疫法对食用油中黄曲霉毒素B_1的检测

目的:建立一种对食用油中黄曲霉毒素B_1(Aflatoxin B1,AFB_1)的检测方法。方法:食用油样本经60%甲醇-水提取,再做1︰5稀释,通过酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定样本中AFB1。结果:阴性样品中AFB1的回收率分别为:92.5%、84.8%及86.3%;方法检出限为1μg/kg,与液相方法检测结果的相对标准偏差小于10%。结论:酶联免疫法对食用油中AFB1的测定结果与液相法比较符合率高,能够用于食用油中AFB1的快速、准确检测。     

LC-MS法测定花生中黄曲霉毒素的研究

研究了液相色谱-质谱联用技术检测花生中的黄曲霉毒素.用80%甲醇溶液提取花生中的黄曲霉毒素,经免疫小柱净化,以甲醇-乙酸水为流动相,在C18柱上对黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2进行分离,采用质谱正离子模式对黄曲霉毒素进行检测.结果表明,本方法可以同时检测花生中的黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2,检测限分别为0.15 μg/kg、0.09 μg/kg、0.251 μg/kg、0.5 μg/kg,回收率为78%～110%,相对标准偏差为5.0%～10.3%.     

电化学生物传感器的应用

电化学生物传感器是在科学与技术综合化发展进程中产生的交叉学科,涉及电化学、生物学、光学、医学、电子技术及热学等众多学科。电化学生物传感器在生物医学、环境监测、食品科学、医药工业等众多领域得到了广泛的应用。     

黄曲霉毒素检测方法的若干问题

黄曲霉毒素（AFB1）为毒性极强的致癌物质,因其广泛分布于动物与植物等的食品中而成为食品安全检测的重要问题。文章介绍了常用的三种黄曲霉毒素检测方法,即薄层层析法、高效液相色谱法、酶联免疫吸附法。其中薄层层析法为最先被广泛使用于黄曲霉毒素的检测,此法尽管简便易行,但特异性差,干扰多;高效液相色谱法操作简单快捷,灵敏度高,但样品需净化,同时设备昂贵;酶联免疫吸附法前处理简单,灵敏度高,特异性强,安全性强,仪器设备较为简单,对目前检测AFB1最为适用。     

Electrochemical Sensors for Detection of Markers on Tumor Cells

In recent years, the increasing incidence and mortality of cancer have inspired the development of accurate and rapid early diagnosis methods in order to successfully cure cancer; however, conventional methods used for detecting tumor cells, including histopathological and immunological methods, often involve complex operation processes, high analytical costs, and high false positive rates, in addition to requiring experienced personnel. With the rapid emergence of sensing techniques, electrochemical cytosensors have attracted wide attention in the field of tumor cell detection because of their advantages, such as their high sensitivity, simple equipment, and low cost. These cytosensors are not only able to differentiate tumor cells from normal cells, but can also allow targeted protein detection of tumor cells. In this review, the research achievements of various electrochemical cytosensors for tumor cell detection reported in the past five years are reviewed, including the structures, detection ranges, and detection limits of the cytosensors. Certain trends and prospects related to the electrochemical cytosensors are also discussed.     

Development of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials Based Electrochemical Biosensors on Enhancing the Analysis of Food Toxicants

In recent times, food safety has become a topic of debate as the foodborne diseases triggered by chemical and biological contaminants affect human health and the food industry’s profits. Though conventional analytical instrumentation-based food sensors are available, the consumers did not appreciate them because of the drawbacks of complexity, greater number of analysis steps, expensive enzymes, and lack of portability. Hence, designing easy-to-use tests for the rapid analysis of food contaminants has become essential in the food industry. Under this context, electrochemical biosensors have received attention among researchers as they bear the advantages of operational simplicity, portability, stability, easy miniaturization, and low cost. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have a larger surface area to volume compared to other dimensional nanomaterials. Hence, researchers nowadays are inclined to develop 2D nanomaterials-based electrochemical biosensors to significantly improve the sensor’s sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility while measuring the food toxicants. In the present review, we compile the contribution of 2D nanomaterials in electrochemical biosensors to test the food toxicants and discuss the future directions in the field. Further, we describe the types of food toxicity, methodologies quantifying food analytes, how the electrochemical food sensor works, and the general biomedical properties of 2D nanomaterials.     

拟除虫菊酯的电化学与生物传感器检测的研究进展

电化学具有成本低、灵敏度高、仪器小巧等优点。近年来,构建基于检测拟除虫菊酯的电化学传感器已经成为一个热门的研究领域。简要评述了1996年以来检测拟除虫菊酯的电化学及生物传感器的研究进展,包括汞电极、修饰电极、分子印迹传感器、酶传感器、免疫传感器和DNA传感器等内容。     

电化学法制备多层膜的研究进展

介绍了电化学方法制备多层膜的研究进展,阐述了单槽法和双槽法制备多层膜的原理、优缺点及适用范围;简述了制备多层膜的电化学方法,为制备多层膜提供了新的思路;同时介绍了多层膜的表征手段并展望了其发展前景.     

电化学法在水处理领域的应用及其发展概况

概述了电化学去除污水中有害物质的原理,对电化学法的应用进行了分类,介绍了电化学氧化法在水处理中的应用,最后对电化学法的发展概况进行了说明。     

电化学技术在有机废水处理中的应用和展望

综述了有机废水电化学处理技术的进展和应用。介绍了电催化氧化法、电絮凝法、电气浮法以及微电解法等几种常用的电化学废水处理技术降解有机废水的机理。分析并指出了电化学技术存在的问题及发展趋势。     

An Exonuclease III Protection-Based Electrochemical Method for Estrogen Receptor Assay

Estrogen receptor (ER), expressed in approximately 80% of primary breast cancer cells, has proven to be a valuable predictive factor of the disease. Herein, by making use of the specific binding of ER to its DNA response elements, we propose an Exonuclease III (Exo III) protection-based electrochemical method for detecting ER proteins. In this assay, the presence of ER can protect the duplex DNA molecules immobilized on an electrode surface from Exo III-catalyzed digestion, resulting in an increased electrochemical signal. Experimental results have revealed that the proposed method can allow the quantification of ER in the range of 0.5 to 100 nM with a satisfactory detection limit of 0.38 nM. Furthermore, since this approach can also be employed to detect ER directly in nuclear extracts, it may be of great use in biomedical applications in the future.     

镀铜研究中的电化学方法

综述了镀铜研究中常用的电化学方法,包括恒电位技术、线性电势扫描伏安法、恒电流技术和交流阻抗技术,展望了电化学方法在镀铜研究中运用的前景.     

电化学氧化还原法降解卤代有机污染物的研究进展

卤代有机污染物的降解是水污染控制的一项重要课题.在诸多的降解技术中,电化学降解法具备反应条件温和、反应器简单、设备及其运行成本低、毒性副产物少等优点,因而成为一项极具发展前景的环境友好型应用技术.综述了电化学氧化还原降解的反应机理以及目前国内外学者对该技术的研究进展,同时指出该技术研究在实际应用中所存在的问题和不足,并对未来电化学氧化降解卤代有机污染物的技术研究进行了展望.