引入科研创新案例 促进无机化学混合式教学

将科研案例引入教学,有助于解决学生学习兴趣不高、自主学习能力不强的问题。文章以无机化学课程教学为例,介绍了该课程教学中融入科研创新案例,实施混合式教学的过程。教师明确教学目标,合理进行教学设计,丰富教学手段,设计科研创新案例驱动的线上学习任务,将基础知识和前沿热点有机结合起来。融合科研创新案例的混合式教学有利于提高学生的创新意识和专业兴趣,使学生系统地掌握知识,对于培养学生的创新能力和提升学生的科研素质有积极作用。     

基于毕业论文质量的计算机化工应用课程教学新模式探索

计算机化工应用课程是高校化工及相关专业的一门重要专业课,有很强的实践性，该课程的知识在学生进行毕业论文研究时多有应用。文章在梳理学生毕业论文中存在的问题并剖析其原因的基础上,从教学目标、教学内容、教学方法和考核方式等方面探索了该课程教学的新模式。该模式应用于实际教学中，促进了学生毕业论文质量的提升。     

化工安全课程教学实践中的职业素养

高水平的教学需要高素养的教师。从师德、教学和科研三方面出发,以化工安全课程为例阐述了职业素养在化工安全课程教学的重要性。师德爱心是教育的根本,教师通过言传身教和将心比心才能得到学生的认同。教学用心需要教师为学生传授与时俱进的知识。课程中可采用形象法、演绎法和聚合法等多种学习方式,让学生爱上学习。科研留心需要教师将教学与科研相结合,课程中采用项目导向的方式使学生在实操中掌握知识与技能。     

实践教学对生物工程设备课程教学质量的提高

实践教学环节是对课程教学的一个重要补充,是将课堂所学的基础理论知识及专业技术知识与实际运用相结合的实践过程。本文探讨了生物工程设备课程教学中如何将理论教学与实践教学相结合,在实习教学内容和教学方法改革、实习基地建设等方面提出了相关措施,以期提高课程教学质量,促进学生的工程能力和创新能力的培养。     

模块化教学在无机非金属材料工艺学课程中的应用

现代高等教育和"大工程观"教育理念对高等工程教育提出了新的要求。在无机非金属材料工艺学课程中使用模块化教学方法,将该课程分为生产过程原理与设备、主要品种工艺原理与性能、环境保护三大模块,每一模块内部由丰富、系统的知识体系构成子模块,使得学生在模块化教学中整合知识、掌握基础理论,培养学生创新性思维和独立分析问题、解决问题的能力。探讨了现代教育技术理论和教学方法、网络学习平台、课程论文在模块化教学中的应用,通过模块化教学培养适应科学综合化和现代工程要求的高级人才。     

工科专业《工程化学》授课改革思考

《工程化学》课程既涵盖化学原理,又涉及工科专业相关的材料、能源、设备等问题,该课程是培养全面发展型工科人才的重要课程。当前阶段该课程的相关教学成果没有得到足够关注。基于此,本文从目前该课程教学存在的问题出发,初步探讨课程改革的方向与方法,提出一种教学、实践、科研一体化式的改革思路,以期获得更好的授课效果。通过课程改革有望将学生所学习的课堂知识与学生本专业相关重要应用紧密结合,提升学生综合素质。     

浅谈案例法教学在《化工安全技术》课程中的应用

化工安全技术是化工类专业的一门必修课,该课程目的是使学生掌握化工生产中有关安全管理、安全技术等方面的知识,使学生树立安全生产的意识,掌握安全生产的有关技术。笔者根据该课程的特点,将案例法教学引入课堂,起到了良好的教学效果。     

用“钻石”教学模型打造面向未来的分析化学课程教学创新实践

为了提升学生的自主学习能力,分析化学课程教学团队构建了“钻石”教学模型,围绕教学目标.课程考核、知识传输途径三个层面,从学习目标、学习场景、学习内容、学习活动和学习结果评价五个要素开展教学创新实践。教师在教学中融入课程思政元素,充分利用现代信息技术,引入最新学术成果.并将课程知识与生活实际紧密联系起来,真正做到了以学生的发展为中心,实现了探究知识、提升能力和提高素养的目标。     

翻转式教学在《环境工程微生物学》教学中的应用与实践

目前传统的环境工程微生物学教学仍以教师进行知识传授,学生被动学习为主要模式,学生对知识的探究和深化学习的能力较差,不能满足新时代的教学改革要求,本文在深入分析环境工程微生物学教学中的主要问题的基础之上,提出将翻转式课堂模式应用于环境工程微生物学的教学,探讨了具体的实践方法,该方法的应用将有利于提高学生对本课程的知识掌握能力。     

有机化合物的结构分析课程案例教学探索

探索将精选的研究型案例引入到有机化合物的结构分析课程教学中,加深学生对知识的理解,激发学生对课程学习的兴趣,培养学生的科学素养和综合能力。初步探索结果表明,案例教学可有效改善教学效果。     

昆明小鼠生物学特性标准化研究

目的建立中国昆明小鼠标准化生物学指标。方法在昆明小鼠繁殖群中随机抽取１２０窝小鼠, 测定０～２５２日龄生长发育指标,采用生化分析仪测定２８、５６、１１２日龄小鼠血常规数据、血液生化值以及生理学、解 剖学等参数。结果昆明小鼠２５２日龄平均体重为４８．８１± ７．３１１０ｇ,１１２日平均体全长为雄２０１．５０±６．５９７０ｍｍ,雌 ２０４．１５±５．７７００ｍｍ,３０日初配产仔率为９４％,平均胎产仔数为１１．９±１．９６７８只,平均离乳成活率为８８．６０± ７．８３５０％,平均胎间距为３３．１４±４．１４９０日,整体粗脂肪含量为２１．０３± ７．０７０９％。结论查清了长春地区昆明小鼠 生物学等方面的特性,为中国昆明小鼠标准化提供可靠数据。     

Telmisartan Attenuates Kanamycin-Induced Ototoxicity in Rats

Telmisartan (TM) has been proposed to relieve inflammatory responses by modulating peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-γ (PPARγ) signaling. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of TM on kanamycin(KM)-induced ototoxicity in rats. Forty-eight, 8-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: (1) control group, (2) TM group, (3) KM group, and (4) TM + KM group. Auditory brainstem response was measured. The histology of the cochlea was examined. The protein expression levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), HO1, and PPARγ were measured by Western blotting. The auditory threshold shifts at 4, 8, 16, and 32 kHz were lower in the TM + KM group than in the KM group (all p < 0.05). The loss of cochlear outer hair cells and spiral ganglial cells was lower in the TM + KM group than in the KM group. The protein expression levels of ACE2, PPARγ, and HO1 were higher in the KM group than in the control group (all p < 0.05). The TM + KM group showed lower expression levels of PPARγ and HO1 than the KM group.TM protected the cochlea from KM-induced injuries in rats. TM preserved hearing levels and attenuated the increase in PPARγ and HO1 expression levels in KM-exposed rat cochleae.     

共表达蛋白二硫键异构酶对IFNβ-HSA融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中表达的影响

目的探讨共表达蛋白二硫键异构酶(PDI)对干扰素β与人血清白蛋白(IFNβ-HSA)融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中表达的影响。方法根据GenBank公布的毕赤酵母PDI序列设计引物,利用PCR方法从毕赤酵母基因组中扩增目的基因片段,插入表达载体pPICZαA,并整合入融合蛋白(IFNβ-HSA)基因工程菌中,筛选共表达PDI的重组酵母菌,甲醇诱导表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定表达产物,ELISA法检测IFNβ-HSA的表达量。结果经PCR鉴定,重组表达质粒pPICZαA-PDI已转入毕赤酵母KM71/pPIC9K-IFNβ-HSA中。经SDS-PAGE分析,PDI在菌体内大量表达,原始菌株和共表达菌株均明显表达融合蛋白IFNβ-HSA,共表达PDI菌株表达量提高了60%,ELISA法测定达(22.49±3.52)mg/L。结论共表达PDI能促进外源蛋白的分泌表达,为进一步研究在毕赤酵母中过量表达分子伴侣对其分泌外源蛋白的影响奠定了基础。     

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of DXS and DXR Genes in the Terpenoid Biosynthetic Pathway of Tripterygium wilfordii

1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) genes are the key enzyme genes of terpenoid biosynthesis but still unknown in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. Here, three full-length cDNA encoding DXS1, DXS2 and DXR were cloned from suspension cells of T. wilfordii with ORF sizes of 2154 bp (TwDXS1, GenBank accession no.{"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"KM879187","term_id":"871331037","term_text":"KM879187"}}KM879187), 2148 bp (TwDXS2, GenBank accession no.{"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"KM879186","term_id":"871331021","term_text":"KM879186"}}KM879186), 1410 bp (TwDXR, GenBank accession no.{"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"KM879185","term_id":"871330999","term_text":"KM879185"}}KM879185). And, the TwDXS1, TwDXS2 and TwDXR were characterized by color complementation in lycopene accumulating strains of Escherichia coli, which indicated that they encoded functional proteins and promoted lycopene pathway flux. TwDXS1 and TwDXS2 are constitutively expressed in the roots, stems and leaves and the expression level showed an order of roots > stems > leaves. After the suspension cells were induced by methyl jasmonate, the mRNA expression level of TwDXS1, TwDXS2, and TwDXR increased, and triptophenolide was rapidly accumulated to 149.52 µg·g⁻¹, a 5.88-fold increase compared with the control. So the TwDXS1, TwDXS2, and TwDXR could be important genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.     

Theoretical and practical aspects of selected fiber-blend color-formulation functions

Color matching blends of precolored fiber using three different methods was studied. Best color-matching accuracy was obtained using a two-constant Kubelka-Munk (KM) procedure. First-formula color differences averaged 1.6 CIELAB units and were found to be within the experimental error of 1.6 CIELAB units. Useful approximations were obtained using the methods proposed by Friele and by Stearns. First-formula color matches averaged 2.4 CIELAB units for the Stearns and 2.7 CIELAB units for the Friele methods. The methods are mathematically compared and the merits of each are discussed. Where possible, interpretation of the empirical parameters each method employs is attempted. It is pointed out that absorption and scattering constants calculated for fibers using the KM formalism are not true KM absorption and scattering constants. It is demonstrated that too literal an interpretation of these constants leads to apparent anomalies. It is shown that the fiber KM scattering constants which are normally considered unchanged as dye is applied cannot be considered unchanged if these same fibers are subsequently to be used in blends with other colored fibers.     

Lipid analyses of isolated surface membranes ofLeishmania Donovani promastigotes

Constituent lipids of surface membranes (SM) isolated fromLeishmania donovani promastigotes were analyzed and compared with those obtained from whole cells and an isolated kinetoplast-mitochondrion fraction (KM). On a dry weight basis, the total extractable lipids constituted ≈47%, 12% and 24% of the SM, cells and KM, respectively. The total lipids of SM, cells and KM all were composed of ≈70% phospholipids (PL), 20–25% neutral lipids and 5–10% glycolipids. Sterols and diglycerides composed 60% and 30%, respectively, of the various neutral lipid fractions. Several mannose- and galactose-containing glycolipids were fractionated but not identified. The glycolipid fractions from cells and SM had demonstrable antigenic activities with rabbit anti-SM sera. Striking quantitative differences were apparent between the PL profiles of the 3 cellular components examined. The PL of SM, whole cells and KM, respectively, were composed of: 15%, 51% and 24% phosphatidylcholine; 37%, 13% and 11% phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); 18%, 10% and 14% phosphatidylinositol; 10%, 1% and 4% phosphatidylserine and traces of cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. An unknown PL containing sphingosine, choline and vicinal hydroxyl groups but no free amino moieties made up ≈19% of the PL of SM and whole cells, but it constituted ≈27% of the PL of KM. The PL side chain constituents of whole cells and SM were composed mainly of longchain fatty acids (C18–20). Further, over 50% of the PE of SM was in the alkyl and alK-1-enyl ether forms. These SM properties might contribute to the organism's resistance to digestion in the hydrolytic environs of both its insect vector and mammalian hosts.     

Design of fluidized bed photoreactors: Optical properties of photocatalytic composites of titania CVD-coated onto quartz sand

Volumetric optical properties (spectral absorption, scattering and extinction coefficients) of differently expanded narrow-path fluidized beds (FB) of a photocatalyst obtained by plasma-CVD deposition of titania onto quartz sand, relevant for photoreactor design purposes, are determined by using an unidirectional and unidimensional (1DD) model for the solution of the radiative transfer equation (RTE). Two simplified approaches are used: a Kubelka-Munk (KM) type of solution, by which the RTE is transformed into a pair of ordinary differential equations, and a discrete ordinate method (DOM) by which the complete RTE is transformed into an algebraic system that can be solved computationally. The second approach was validated by introducing the obtained optical parameters into a more elaborated bi-directional and two-dimensional (2DD) DOM model. Despite its simplicity, the KM method was able to yield fair order-of-magnitude estimates of the spectral optical properties of these FB.     

The Water Activities of MgCl2, Mg(NO3)2, MgSO4, and Their Mixtures

The water activities of aqueous MgCl ₂, Mg(NO₃)₂, and MgSO solutions and their mixtures - MgCl ₂-Mg(NO₃)₂ (mole ratio 3:1, 1:1, 1:3), MgCl ₂-MgSO₄ (1:1), Mg(NO₃)₂-MgSO₄ (1:1), and MgCl ₂-Mg(NO₃)₂-MgSO₄ (1:1:1 and 1:1:5) - were measured at room temperature from dilute solution to high supersaturation using an electrodynamic balance. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR) and the Kusik and Meissner (KM) equations. Both the ZSR and the KM equations can predict the water activities of these mixtures well with an acceptable error of less than +/- 0.02. The ZSR equation is superior to the KM equation as it can give predictions for a larger range of a_w where single component bulk data are available. It is also slightly more accurate than the KM equation for this system. The average standard deviations of the difference between the data measured and the predictions of the ZSR and KM equations are 0.004 and 0.01, respectively. The ZSR equation is recommended for estimating the water activities of Mg salt solutions.     

人纤溶酶原K5基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及其抗肿瘤活性

目的在毕赤酵母中表达人纤溶酶原K5基因,并检测hK5蛋白的抗肿瘤活性。方法根据酵母遗传密码的偏爱性优化设计hK5基因,构建重组表达质粒p819-8α-hK5,经G418加压筛选和甲醇诱导表达,并对摇瓶发酵条件进行优化。表达的hK5蛋白经纯化后,通过荷H22肿瘤昆明小鼠模型检测其抗肿瘤活性。结果筛选到2株高表达hK5蛋白的转化子,摇瓶表达量超过150mg/L,纯化后的蛋白纯度大于95.0%,并能够显著抑制昆明小鼠H22肿瘤的生长。结论hK5基因能够在毕赤酵母中高效分泌表达,且表达的hK5蛋白具有良好的抗肿瘤活性。