汽车发动机机油添加剂减摩节能效果的试验研究

本文通过对汽车发动机缸套与活塞环摩擦副试样在机油中含与不含添加剂的润滑条件下进行静摩擦系数测定与快速磨损试验以及发动机台架负荷特性对比试验，探讨了车用发动机机油添加剂的减摩节能效果。     

纳米WS2车用机油添加剂在柴油发动机中的应用效果研究

通过柴油发动机台架实验和行车实验,分析了不同工况下自制纳米WS2车用机油添加剂在柴油发动机中的应用效果。结果表明,在FC2000柴油发动机台架上应用时,纳米WS2车用机油添加剂在不同转速和不同负载下均能在一定程度上降低发动机油耗率,减少发动机尾气中NOx含量和颗粒物含量,并且当发动机转速为1 700r/min,负载为70N.m时,节油率最高为9.95%,颗粒物减排率最高为49.3%,而当发动机处于低速、高速、低载和高载等工况时,NOx减排率较高,最高达到36%;在柴油机大客车上应用时,纳米WS2车用机油添加剂使其耗油量下降约14.4%,并能在一定程度上降低发动机的运行噪声,使发动机的有害气体(NOx)排放减少34.8%～51%。综合表明纳米WS2车用机油添加剂具有良好的节能减排效果。     

含纳米陶瓷添加剂的汽油机油行车试验研究

应用含纳米陶瓷添加剂的汽油机油与国内知名品牌润滑油(不含纳米添加剂)进行行车试验.结果表明,含纳米陶瓷添加剂的汽油机油能完全满足汽车发动机的用油要求,且纳米陶瓷机油在抗磨性能方面要优于参比机油,表明纳米陶瓷添加剂可以提高润滑油的抗磨性能.     

凯斯挖掘机更佳保养之九个小贴士 谨记以下基本知识有助于延长设备的使用寿命

贴士1：使用高等级油品按照厂商规定时间更换机油,是确保挖掘机性能和使用寿命的基本条件。发动机油尤其是含添加剂的机油,在高负荷循环工作时容易发生分解。使用劣质或黏度不当的机油,会缩短发动机使用寿命,并产生高昂的维修费用。安装废气再循环和颗粒捕捉装置的新型Tier4发动机,要求使用优质高等级机油。     

抗磨型机油添加剂对汽车发动机无机油状态下运行作用效果的研究

本文通过对选定的三种抗磨型机油添加剂,分别在ＥＱ６１００ＡＱ－１、ＴＪ３７６Ｑ发动机进行无机油运行时间台架试验,验证了其作用效果,为正确使用此类添加剂提供了理论与试验依据。     

机油添加剂对在用车辆发动机减磨效果的研究

本文根据市场上对机油添加剂的使用介绍，有目的地筛选几种添加剂对在用车辆发动机进行减磨效果试验，通过试验，所选润滑油添加剂能起到减磨作用，延长发动机使用寿命。在此基础上，提出了进一步研究的方向。     

减磨型机油添加剂在汽车发动机无水状态下运行作用效果的研究

通过对多种发动机减磨型机油添加剂在专用摩擦磨损试验机和发动机台架上进行对比试验，筛选出一种减磨效果最好的，进行了在发动机无水状态下，添加剂作用效果的试验研究，验证和分析了其作用效果，为正确使用此类添加剂提供了理论与试验依据。     

内燃机润滑油添加剂抗磨损能力及其对发动机性能影响的试验研究

本文通过对几种选型的发动机润滑油添加剂的专用摩擦磨损试验机试验和发动机呆性能对比试验,证实了此类机油添加剂的减磨作用效果。分析了两种志用摩擦磨损试验机的试验结果与发动机性能试验结果的对应关系,从而提出了进一步试验研究的方向。     

康明斯柴油机油底壳进柴油的原因及处理

柴油机油底壳中渗进柴油后,会降低机油粘度和机油压力,以及降低机油中各种添加剂的百分比含量;如果渗入量较多,则会酿成柴油机烧瓦、拉缸等重大事故。本文以康明斯NT(A)-855发动机PT燃油系统为例,对发生此故障后的处理方法作一简要说明。     

机油加注量对发动机性能影响的研究

发动机台架试验过程中,发现不同的机油液位对发动机的性能有较大影响,油底壳内过多的机油造成发动机功率降低,油耗增大,因此,有必要保证发动机机油加注量在合理的范围内。文章通过对发动机润滑油循环流量的需求进行了探讨,保证系统机油循环流量的合理性。由于不同的机油加注量直接影响油底壳内机油液位,通过台架试验,得出不同液位的机油对发动机性能影响的程度,为发动机润滑系统设计人员提供参考。     

The effects of engine oil additives on valve train wear

Preventing valve train wear in automotive engines is one of the most important properties of an engine oil. However, the influence of engine oil additives on valve train wear has not been sufficiently clarified. In this investigation, the antiwear performance of additives (such as ashless dispersants, metallic detergents and zinc dithiophosphate - ZDTP) and the influence of the interaction of the additives were evaluated. Secondly, metallic detergents were considered. An overbased calcium sulphonate and an overbased phenate were found to have good anti-scuffing performance when evaluated in engine tests and in Falex wear tests. However, from the results of four-ball tests, these additives did not appear to have many extreme pressure properties. From surface analyses, it was determined that a calcium carbonate film was formed on the sliding surface of the Falex test piece, and this film provided good protection against wear. Finally, the interaction of ZDTP, succinimides and calcium detergents and their influence on valve train wear were studied. The decomosition temperature of ZDTP increased with certain additives. including the succinimide. As a result, scuffing was more prone, at temperatures below those increased temperatures. Also, changes in additive concentration on the sliding surface, due to competitive adsorption, altered the antiwear performance of the oil.     

低黏度GF-60W-16发动机油节能摩擦模拟试验

为了进一步提高汽车燃料经济性,ILSAC颁布的节能发动机油规格已发展到黏度更低的GF-6级别。由于GF-6发动机节能台架试验周期长、成本高,为了提高开发GF-6 0W-16汽油机油配方的筛选效率,利用摩擦模拟试验分析0W-16汽油机油的摩擦润滑性能,并采用综合分析法研究摩擦模拟试验结果和发动机节能台架结果的相关性。结果表明：汽油机油配方中各添加剂之间的协同效应对其节油率和摩擦润滑性能产生显著影响,有机钼添加剂含量多的低黏度GF-6 0W-16汽油机油比参比油GF-5 0W-20更具减摩作用;试验温度激发汽油机油中有机钼减摩剂进一步发挥作用,降低摩擦因数;所建立的摩擦模拟试验综合分析法能够较好地预测低黏度GF-6润滑油节能台架试验结果。     

Studies on the shear stability of macromolecular additives by size exclusion chromatography

Factors affecting the mechanical stability of polyalkylmethacrylate type additives are comparatively examined for different shear degradation test methods and routine engine service, taking into account rheological and size exclusion chromatography data. The shear test methods are assessed regarding the MWD of the degraded additives. The extent of degradation of macromolecular additives and the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the degraded products depend on the nature and extent of shear stress, average molecular weight, MWD, chemical structure, nature of the base oil and temperature. The shape of the MWD of the sonicated and automotive service subject additives was found to be similar, unlike that of the additives sheared by the diesel injector method. These are narrower and more dependent on the initial MWD of the additive, especially in the case of the additives with broader MWD. A shear test that better correlates with service has to take into account not only the control of shear stress, by appropriate calibration, but also a suitable degradation mechanism.     

汽油机油配方对节能发动机试验的影响

介绍了汽油机油节能发动机试验的发展状况,讨论了油品配方对节能性能的影响。发动机试验表明,基础油、粘度指数改进剂及添加剂都是影响汽油机油节能性能的因素,在不同的发动机试验中基础油、粘度指数改进剂、抗氧抗腐剂、摩擦改性剂、清净剂、分散剂的影响存在不同的表现形式,在配方设计中要根据具体的发动机试验来确定。     

内燃机油清净分散剂间复合效的实验研究

本采用实验室模拟实验对内燃机油清净分散剂间的复合效应进行了探讨,以满足内燃机油良好的高,低温清净分散性能的要求,实验结果表明：由T109Mg与T115A按1：1调配而成的复合金属净剂和由T151与L117按2：1调配而成的复合无灰分散剂之间有良好的效应,二按一定比例调合的内燃机油复合清净分散剂具有良好的高,低温清净分散性能。     

Friction and Wear of Low-Phosphorus Engine Oils with Additional Molybdenum and Boron Compounds,Measured on a Reciprocating Lubricant Tester

Previous research has already extensively characterized the effects of a variety of engine oils on engine performance. However, low-phosphorus engine oils, which are of growing importance due to the reduction of automotive emissions, have not been studied much. This paper sets forth the results of an initial investigation involving the effects of low-phosphorus engine oils on the friction and wear characteristics of typical engine cylinder kit components from a 3.8-liter, four-cylinder engine. For these tests, sections of molybdenum-coated piston rings were oscillated against segments of production cast iron cylinder bores. The oils were evaluated under two sets of conditions; i.e., the frequency of 20 Hz and a load of 60 N and a frequency of 40 Hz and a load of 120 N. The friction coefficients were continuously recorded, and the wear depths on the cylinder bore segments were measured at the conclusion of each experiment. The oils consisted of low-phosphorus prototype oil (LPPO) containing 0.05 wt% phosphorus, which is half the amount of ZDDP in GF–3 oils, and the LPPO treated with six different supplemental antiwear, anti-friction additives. The remaining additives in the LPPO were present in the amount required for full GF–3 formulation. The supplemental additives were selected to lower friction and replace and/or enhance antioxidant and antiwear properties lost due to lower zinc dithiophosphate (ZDDP) content. The results of low phosphorus concentration oils were compared to the results obtained with formulated ILSAC GF-3 engine oil. The oils that contained organomolybdenum ester showed the greatest benefit in friction reduction in the two different operating conditions. SEM/EDS/XPS surface analyses on the surfaces run with oils containing organomolybdenum ester showed evidence of molybdenum compound formation on the cylinder bore surface. In addition, antiwear film formation mechanisms due to surface interaction among the ZnDTP, organomolybdenum compounds, and metal oxides are discussed.     

The Contribution of Polymers to Oil Properties Important to Engine Lubrication

Polymers in automotive oils permit a practical compromise between low- and high-temperature viscosity requirements. Oils containing polymer have low temperature (0 F) viscosities 10% to 50% greater than predicted by the ASTM equation (D-341-43). This disadvantage is outweighed by their favorable balance between engine friction and oil consumption. They have high shear viscosities 20% to 40% less than their conventional viscosities, with corresponding friction horsepower reductions over similar non-polymer oils of 10% or more with no penalty in consumption. Correlation of friction horsepower with viscosity suggests that the controlling shear rates are 750,000 sec^?1 or more. Dispersancy is an added property built into some of the polymeric additives. Low duty field tests demonstrate the effectiveness of this dispersancy in redistributing the “sludge balance” to keep the engine contaminants in the oil and filter and not in the working parts of the engine.     

Antioxidant properties of engine oil detergent additives

The antioxidant properties of engine calcium sulphonate, phenate and salicylate detergent additives were investigated. Their influence on engine oil oxidation both in the presence of metallic copper, oil-soluble copper compounds, and without any catalyst, was studied. The influence of the detergent type and its basicity on oil antioxidant properties was determined. The specific influence of the co-operative action of detergent additives and zinc dithiophosphate on the antioxidant properties of engine oil formulations with these additives was established. The results obtained revealed various new patterns concerning the oil oxidation process, and allowed us to characterise the process of depletion of detergent additives during oil ageing.