氨基磺酸催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的研究

以氨基磺酸为催化剂,通过环己酮和1,2-丙二醇反应合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮。实验表明,在酮醇物质的量比为1∶1.2,催化剂用量为2%,环己烷15mL,反应时间80min的条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达99.2%。     

氨基磺酸/钨酸钠催化氧化环己酮合成己二酸

以环己酮和质量分数30%过氧化氢(H_2O_2)为反应物,钨酸钠为催化剂,采用氨基磺酸为酸性配体催化合成了己二酸。考察了催化剂用量、配体用量、H_2O_2与环己酮摩尔比、反应时间及催化剂重复使用性等因素对产物收率的影响。结果表明:适宜反应条件为环己酮:H_2O_2:钨酸钠:氨基磺酸摩尔比1.00:4.94:0.02:0.02,反应6h,己二酸收率达81.5%。采用对甲基苯磺酸为酸性配体,适宜反应条件下己二酸收率为71.2%,低于氨基磺酸为酸性配体的反应收率。     

苯磺酸酮催化合成环己酮-1,2-丙二醇缩酮

以苯磺酸酮为催化剂,环己酮与1,2-丙二醇合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮。研究了环己酮与1,2-丙二醇量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。结果表明,苯磺酸酮是合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇的良好催化剂。在环己酮与1,2-丙二醇的投料摩尔比为1∶1.5、催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的2%、带水剂环己烷的用为10mL、反应时间为40min条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达75.4%。     

香料苯乙酮环乙二缩酮的催化合成研究

以氨基磺酸为催化剂,通过苯乙酮和乙二醇反应合成苯乙酮环乙二缩酮。探讨了氨基磺酸的催化活性,研究了催化剂用量、酮醇物质的量比和反应时间等对产物收率的影响。实验结果表明,氨基磺酸是合成苯乙酮环乙二缩酮的良好催化剂,最佳反应条件：n(酮)∶n(醇)=1∶1.3,催化剂用量0.6 g·(0.2 mol-苯乙酮)^-1,反应时间160 min,产物收率可达75.6%     

二氧化硅负载硅钨酸催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化硅负载硅钨酸催化剂,催化环己酮和乙二醇合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮,研究了酮醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、带水剂环己烷、反应时间对收率的影响。实验表明,二氧化硅负载硅钨酸催化剂是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,在n(环己酮)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.5,带水剂环己烷的用量为10 mL,反应时间60 min,催化剂用量为原料总质量的0.8%的条件下,产品的收率可达77.5%。     

La/SO_4~(2-)/C催化合成环缩酮

以固体超强酸La/SO42-/C为多相催化剂,通过环己酮和乙二醇反应合成了环己酮缩乙二醇,探讨La/SO42-/C对缩酮反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了酮醇摩尔比,催化剂用量,反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明:La/SO42-/C是合成环己酮缩乙二醇的良好催化剂,在酮醇摩尔比为1∶1.5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.5%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间60m in的条件下,环己酮缩乙二醇的收率可达90.6%。     

硫酸高铈掺杂聚苯胺催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

以硫酸高铈[Ce(SO4)2]掺杂聚苯胺(PAn)为催化剂,环己酮和1,2-丙二醇为原料,催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮。探讨了反应时间、酮醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量等因素对收率的影响。结果表明,在酮醇摩尔比为1∶1.6,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的3.7%,带水剂环己烷用量12 mL,反应时间2.5 h的优化条件下,缩酮收率可达88.84%,产品纯度达99.46%。     

铝交联蒙脱土催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

以临安钠基蒙脱土为原料制备了铝交联蒙脱土催化剂,进行了X射线衍射和比表面积分析,将其用于环己酮和乙二醇反应,合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮。系统研究了催化剂用量、酮醇物质的量比、带水剂用量及反应时间等因素对产品收率的影响。结果表明,在n(环己酮)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.5、反应时间1 h,催化剂和带水剂环己烷用量分别为反应物料总质量的2%和20%条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮收率可达74.0%。     

稀土改性固体超强酸催化剂SO42-/TiO2-La2O3催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

制备了稀土改性固体超强酸催化剂SO42-/TiO2-La2O3,并利用该催化剂催化合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮,探讨了SO42-/TiO2-La2O3对缩酮反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了酮醇物质的摩尔比,催化剂用量,反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明:SO42-/TiO2-La2O3是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,在n(酮)∶n(醇)=1∶1.5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.5%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1.5h的优化条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达84.3%。     

TiSiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW1 2 O4 0 /TiO2 为多相催化剂 ,通过环己酮和 1 ,2 丙二醇反应合成了环己酮 1 ,2 丙二醇缩酮 ,探讨TiSiW1 2 O4 0 /TiO2 对缩酮反应的催化活性 ,较系统地研究了酮醇量比 ,催化剂用量 ,反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明 :TiSiW1 2 O4 0 /TiO2 是合成环己酮 1 ,2 丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂 ,在n(酮 )∶n(醇 ) =1 0∶1 5 ,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的 0 6 % ,环己烷为带水剂 ,反应时间 40min的优化条件下 ,环己酮 1 ,2 丙二醇缩酮的收率可达 92 2 %。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.