清液型液体复合肥料的应用与研制

清液型液体复合肥料由于其各种营养成分均匀地溶解在水中 ,使其在机械施肥中发挥固体复混肥所没有的优越性。目前 ,液体肥料的使用与生产主要集中在美国与欧洲等发达国家。我国除使用少量农用氨水外 ,仅新疆少数机械化程度较高的建设兵团施用少量多聚磷酸铵液体肥料。清液肥料可以直接通过滴灌及喷施系统施用 ,并具有施肥准确度高、均匀性高、机械化程度高、成本低等优点。1　清液型液体复合肥料的研制1 ·1　清液型液体复合肥料的原料选择清液型液体复合肥料一般由液体聚磷酸铵基础溶液通过添加氮肥、钾肥、微量元素等配制而成。由于国内液…     

Chemical fertilizer pollution control using drip fertigation for conservation of water quality in Danjiangkou Reservoir

The use of drip fertigation to reduce fertilizer pollution of the Danjiangkou Reservoir of China was explored. Specifically, a 4-year experiment was conducted to identify the optimum fertilizer rate for fertigation of a tea plantation. The treatments included five fertigation levels, 10 % (10 % NPK), 20 % (20 % NPK), 30 % (30 % NPK), 40 % (40 % NPK) and 50 % (50 % NPK) of the traditional fertilizer dose, and the traditional fertilizer dose under rain-fed conditions as a control (CK). Relative to CK, fertigation treatments decreased total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) runoff loss (kg ha^?1) and TN and TP concentrations (mg kg^?1) in leaching water by 51.9–70.8, 51.7–67.5, 56.1–85.4, and 39.1–56.5 %, respectively. Total N, TP runoff loss and TN concentrations in leaching water generally increased with increasing fertilization rate among fertigation treatments; however, there was no significant difference in TP concentrations of leaching water. Yield increased with increasing rate of fertilization among fertigation treatments. The yields of the 30–50 % NPK treatments were similar (P > 0.05), but higher (P < 0.05) than those of the 10–20 % NPK treatments. There were no significant differences in yield among the 30 % NPK, 40 % NPK and CK treatments. The relative yields increased rapidly when the relative fertilizer rate was between 10 and 33 %; however, this increase slowed at fertilization rates above 33 %. Based on the yield and fertilizer pollution control, fertigation with 33 % of the traditional fertilizer dose should be considered for tea production in the water source area.     

一种液体高硼肥料的制备

以硼砂和磷酸二氢铵为原料合成液体高硼肥料,采用正交实验考察原料配比、反应温度、反应时间对反应效果的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为n(硼砂)∶n(磷酸二氢铵)∶n(H_2O)=1.00∶0.68∶9.34,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为4.5 h。在此条件下制成的液体硼肥中硼质量浓度为103.02 g/L,符合微量元素水溶肥料农业部行业标准NY 1428—2010的要求。     

电石渣上清液回收利用存在问题及解决办法

（1）将来自浓缩机的电石渣上清液经冷却塔降温后,送至乙炔站发生岗位,作为发生器的工艺用水进行回收进行。（2）将来自乙炔发生器的底排浓渣浆,提升至振动筛,除去大颗粒干渣,使筛下浆液自流送入浓缩机,筛出干渣定期清除出厂。     

如何解决国产美容化妆品“出口难”

说起中国的美容行业 ,许多人都很自豪。它拥有全世界最大的美容消费市场。2002年达到450亿元的消售额 ;生产厂家有3000多家。中国各地的美容机构有154 2万家 ,它的从业人员达到2000万人 ,平均每个就业者的年收入为2 4万元。有专家预计未来5年 ,中国美容业的营业额还将再翻一番。但就是这样一个美容大国 ,国产美容品出口却很低 ,尤其是美容专业的产品出口更少。业内人士也曾为国产本土美容品走出国门高兴过 ,但是 ,纵观那些出口产品 ,却不过是美容床、美发工具之类劳动密集型的产品 ,出口量大但价值却极低 ,有些外国公司还将我们的美容成品当…     

解决无压给料三产品重介质旋流器排矸堵塞的方法

临涣选煤厂为了解决无压给料三产品重介质旋流器排矸堵塞问题,将无压给料三产品重介质旋流器矸石出料管路改成溜槽,并对溜槽及第一、二段旋流器联接管安装堵塞报警系统,从而使堵塞事故得到及时发现和处理,避免了大范围的跑冒事故,降低了职工的劳动强度,同时也避免了精煤产品灰分超标。     

以非水溶性肥料或矿物进行灌溉施肥的新方法

介绍一种灌溉施肥的新方法。采用非水溶性肥料或矿物(低品位活性磷矿、特殊玻璃网络结构的钙镁磷肥、低交联度硅钙网络冶炼炉渣及活性有色金属矿尾砂等)通过在专利设备——液升式灌溉施肥反应器中加入活化剂反应,就地制备含H2PO4-、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、BO33-及水溶性硅酸的营养液,可直接用于灌溉施肥或叶面喷施。     

如何解决矿区电力过剩问题

分析了松藻矿区在加强瓦斯、煤矸石的资源综合利用发电过程中遇到的自备电力过剩的问题 ,结合实际情况 ,提出了解决矿区电力过剩的几点建议     

调整落料顺序解决粘堵问题

双闭路双循环水泥粉磨辊压机辅机系统在运行中存在一系列问题,究其原因主要是物料黏度大,在皮带机上反应出来的就是带料严重,提升机返料严重,壳体和料斗磨损较快等.为彻底解决问题,实施了针对双闭路双循环水泥磨辊压机辅机系统的一系列技改,降低提升机维护费用,降低了工人劳动强度,保证了生产连续性,经济效益和社会效益明显.     

A reformulated nonlinear model to solve the facility layout problem

The facility layout problem is fundamental during the plant design. The solution of this problem has required strategies that become in numerical challenges. One of them is the exact method, which finds optimal distributions for facility layout, as demonstrated in the linear and disjunctive models. Both models are distinguished by a high quantity of nonoverlapping constraints. In contrast, a nonlinear model was formulated with low number of constraints, but it has been solved by genetic algorithms. Herein, that model is reformulated to a MINLP (mixed integer nonlinear programing) problem. The solution was possible using a visual interface linked to GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System). Three case studies were solved to compare them. The reformulated model reached feasible solutions, and its computational time and binary variables were lower than those of the others. This suggests that the reformulated model can be extended to solve topics about process safety.