基于压缩采集与CNN的风电机轴承故障诊断

针对传统风电机轴承故障检测存在的采样数据量大、故障特征依赖主观选取的问题,提出了风电机轴承故障的信号压缩采集、自动提取特征及故障诊断的方法,解决了风电机轴承振动信号特征提取计算复杂、受先验知识影响较大的问题。首先基于梯度加速法(NAG)和QR分解理论对随机高斯观测矩阵进行优化,实现风电机轴承振动信号压缩采集;然后将压缩采集得到的数据作为卷积神经网络(CNN)的输入,利用卷积池化层提取压缩采集数据中的故障特征;最后,将得到的故障特征通过softmax分类器进行分类。仿真实验表明:该方法能够自动提取风电机轴承的故障特征,在保证较高故障诊断准确率的同时,缩短了网络训练时间。     

基于Peakvue技术的轴承故障检测

针对传统轴承故障检测三频段包络解调方法计算量大、速度慢的特点,提出了一种基于Peakvue技术的轴承故障检测方法.该方法采用加速度传感器捕捉含有具有短时特性应力波的轴承振动信号,对加速度传感器的输出信号进行高通滤波分离出高频信号和应力波信号,并按一定时间间隔提取滤波后的信号峰值,对提取后的信号进行包络解调判断故障类型.Matlab仿真实验结果表明:该方法有利于提高轴承故障检测的处理速度和诊断准确率.     

一种城市轨道车辆轴箱轴承故障特征提取方法

针对城市轨道车辆轴箱轴承结构特点及轴承故障时产生振动信号的特征,提出了一种新的轴箱轴承故障特征提取方法。引入卷积滤波,对采集的轴箱轴承振动信号进行分频、滤波、重构,提取轴承故障特征。在故障特征提取的基础上,进行轴承故障识别及定位。结果表明：该方法对振动信号进行分析,具有不压缩、任意分频和减少截断误差的性质;可以更好地获得故障特征;能够有效地应用于轴箱轴承的故障诊断。     

采用小波变换和盲源分离的电机轴承故障诊断

针对地铁车辆转向架牵引电机轴承故障,提出一种结合小波变换和盲源分离的轴承故障识别方法.首先从原始信号频谱中判断轴承高频共振信号的大致频带范围以确定小波分解层数;其次利用小波分解提取轴承高频共振信号成分;然后利用盲源分离方法从小波分解后的重构高频信号中分离故障特征信号;最后对故障特征信号进行Hilbert解调并通过包络谱分析提取故障特征频率.对上海地铁某型地铁车辆转向架牵引电机进行试验,试验结果证明该方法能清晰、准确地识别轴承故障特征.     

基于奇异值分解及形态滤波的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法*

针对滚动轴承振动信号故障特征信息往往被强背景噪声淹没的问题,提出一种基于奇异值分解和形态滤波的振动信号故障特征提取方法。该方法利用信号时间序列重构的吸引子轨迹矩阵奇异值分布特征与信号自身特征的关系,选择轨迹矩阵中主要反映冲击信息明显的奇异值进行信号重构的方法来滤除信号中的平滑信号和部分噪声,获取带噪声的冲击信号;然后利用形态滤波能有效滤除脉冲干扰噪声的特点,反其道而行之,从而提取信号的冲击故障特征的方法,并将该方法应用于轴承的振动信号的故障特征提取。仿真与实例表明,该方法能有效提取强背景信号及噪声中的弱冲击特征信号,是一种有效的弱信号特征提取方法。     

融合PSO优化的相关变模态分解与深度学习的旋转机械早期故障智能分类方法

针对旋转机械早期故障信号呈现微弱、相互干扰,易导致故障智能分类精度低的现状。提出一种融合优化的PSO-RVMD (Particle swarm optimization-Relevant Variational Mode Decomposition)与SAE (Stacked AutoEncoder)的旋转机械早期故障分类方法。智能分类方法主要有信号增强与智能分类两阶段组成。首先该方法利用所改进的PSO-RVMD分解电机-轴承系统的早期故障振动信号,通过定义的相关能量比概念计算各分量信号(IMFs)与原始信号之间的相关程度,筛选并重构相关程度高的分量,去除冗余与不相干的干扰与噪声成分,实现信号增强。最后,将增强的早期微弱信号输入到SAE模型中进行训练。利用SAE模型提取高层、抽象且利于分类的深度特征且在最后一层添加BP层,直接对提取的深度特征进行故障分类。通过仿真与实际电机-轴承系统振动信号验证了该方法的有效性,结果表明该方法能快速的实现旋转机械早期微弱故障的精确识别与诊断,提高故障特征学习与自动分类程度。     

基于SVD-形态降噪的TKEO故障诊断方法研究

针对强噪声干扰背景下微弱故障特征信息难以提取的问题,提出了一种基于奇异值分解(SVD)-形态降噪的Teager能量算子(TKEO)故障诊断方法.首先对轴承振动信号进行SVD,对得到的分量信号进行形态滤波,以滤除噪声干扰;然后利用峭度准则对分量信号进行筛选,并对其进行重构;最后利用TKEO计算重构信号的瞬时能量,得到信号的能量谱,提取振动信号的特征.将提出的方法应用于滚动轴承故障分析,结果表明该方法能清晰地提取故障特征信息.     

基于IMF聚合与SVD的城轨车辆牵引电机轴承故障诊断

为有效提取城市轨道车辆牵引电机轴承的故障特征,提出一种基于本征模式分量(IMF)聚合与奇异值分解(SVD)相结合的轴承故障诊断方法.该方法首先运用经验模式分解(EMD)将原始振动信号分解成一系列本征模式分量;其次在利用皮尔逊积矩法进行本征模式分量的筛选后将剩余的分量聚合重构,再将重构信号运用奇异值分解降噪;最后对降噪信号进行Hilbert谱分析,实现轴承故障特征向量的提取.城市轨道车辆牵引电机轴承实测数据的分析结果表明该方法能够有效提取故障特征信号,对轴承故障进行有效的诊断.     

基于EMD的谱峭度方法在滚动轴承障检测中的应用

针对传统谱峭度方法中短时傅里叶变换不能保证对瞬态脉冲这种高度非平稳信号最优分解效果的问题,提出一种基于经验模式分解的谱峭度方法;该方法首先利用经验模式分解和Hilbert变换得到信号的时频分布,然后将信号的时频分布按照不同层数分成若干频段,通过计算各频段的峭度值得到相应的峭度图,再根据峭度最大原则选择滤波频段进行带通滤波,最后对滤波信号采用包络分析确定故障信息;实验结果表明:相比基于短时傅里叶变换的谱峭度方法,文章方法更能准确的获得轴承加速度信号的故障特征频率信息.     

基于EMD及改进PSO_BP的电机轴承故障诊断

针对电机轴承故障模式识别和分类问题,提出了采用EMD（Empirical Mode Decomposition）作为振动信号特征提取的方法,并利用改进的粒子群优化（Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO）算法来优化BP神经网络,得到性能优异的分类器,以实现电机轴承的故障模式分类。首先利用EMD将原始电机振动信号分解为8个阶次的IMF(Intrinsic Mode Function)分量,计算每个IMF的能量,并求其占比。分析得到前6阶IMF能量占比在前99%以内,故选取前6阶IMF分量并结合原始振动信号的时域特征参数（峰值因子、波形因子、裕度指标）,得到9维特征参数矩阵。并对获得的特征参数进行主成分分析,以验证特征参数提取的有效性。然后将基于EMD方法的特征参数矩阵作为改进PSO_BP（Particle Swarm Optimization with Back Propagation Neural Network）方法的输入向量,对不同载荷与转速工况下的电机轴承进行故障模式识别。结果表明,基于EMD和改进PSO_BP的方法能够很好地提高电机轴承故障模式识别的准确率。     

基于相关性原理起重机负载电机监测系统设计

对起重机负载电机进行了研究,采用西门子公司的S7-200 SMART PLC采集负载电机的机械振动信号,通过工业Wi-Fi无线模块以无线数据包的形式将采集的数据汇总到上位机LabVIEW监测平台;上位机的LabVIEW监测平台对电动机振动信号进行相关性和频谱分析,将实时振动数据频谱信号和已知常见负载电机的轴承外圈故障、轴承内环故障和滚子故障3种典型的故障状态频谱信号进行相关性运算,得到实时信号与已知状态的相关系数;提出了以相关系数作为故障诊断判定阈值的方法进行故障诊断,实现了对起重机状态进行监测以及监控信息发布。     

基于广义形态滤波和MRSVD的故障诊断方法研究

为了从复杂工况下获取滚动轴承故障信息,提出了一种基于广义形态滤波和多分辨奇异值分解（Multi-Resolution Singular Value Decomposition,MRSVD）相结合的方法。首先利用广义形态学滤波方法对振动信号进行降噪预处理;然后利用MRSVD对降噪后的振动信号进行分解;最后通过峭度准则选取故障特征最丰富的细节信号,并对其进行Hilbert包络谱分析。将提出的方法应用于滚动轴承的故障检测,实验结果表明该方法能清晰地提取故障特征信息。     

A novel RSG-based intelligent bearing fault diagnosis method for motors in high-noise industrial environment

Bearing fault diagnosis is a critical and challenging task for prognostics and health management of motors. The ability to efficiently and accurately classify the fault categories based on sensor signals is the key to successful bearing fault diagnosis. Although various data-driven methods have been developed for fault diagnosis in recent years, automatic and effective extraction of discriminative fault features from high-noise vibration signals generated in the real-world industrial environment remains a challenging task. To tackle this challenge, this paper proposes a novel deep learning method based on the combination of residual building Unit, soft thresholding and global context, called RSG, to solve the complex mapping relationship between vibration signals and different types of bearing faults. The proposed RSG integrates the working mechanisms of soft threshold and global context to achieve effective noise reduction and feature extraction. A comparative analysis is performed to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method. Furthermore, the proposed method is tested on a faulty motor dataset collected by our developed intelligent motor test platform based on Industrial Internet of Things. Experimental results show that our method can achieve an average fault diagnosis accuracy of 98%. Thus, the proposed method proves to be an efficient solution for intelligent bearing fault diagnosis for motors in a high-noise industrial environment.     

A new feature extraction approach based on one dimensional gray level co-occurrence matrices for bearing fault classification

ABSTRACT

Recently, precise and deterministic feature extraction is one of the current research topics for bearing fault diagnosis. For this aim, an experimental bearing test setup was created in this study. In this setup, vibration signals were obtained from the bearings on which artificial faults were generated in specific sizes. A new feature extraction method based on co-occurrence matrices for bearing vibration signals was proposed instead of the conventional feature extraction methods, as in the literature. The One (1) Dimensional–Local Binary Patterns (1D-LBP) method was first applied to bearing vibration signals, and a new signal whose values ranged between 0–255 was obtained. Then, co-occurrence matrices were obtained from these signals. The correlation, energy, homogeneity, and contrast features were extracted from these matrices. Different machine learning methods were employed with these features to carry out the classification process. Three different data sets were used to test the proposed approach. As a result of analysing the signals with the proposed model, the success rate is 87.50% for dataset1 (different speed), 96.5% for dataset2 (fault size (mm)) and 99.30% for dataset3 (fault type – inner ring, outer ring, ball) was found, respectively.     

基于RBF神经网络和小波包的电动机故障诊断研究

针对传统的电动机故障诊断存在很难准确提取故障时的特征信号及对故障作出准确预测的问题,提出了一种基于RBF神经网络和小波包的电动机故障诊断的方法。该方法采用小波包分析技术提取电动机典型轴承故障、转子故障和绝缘故障振动信号的特征频段能量并组成向量作为RBF神经网络的输入,用于诊断电动机的故障。实验和仿真结果表明,使用RBF神经网络对电动机故障诊断是非常有效的,对电动机早期故障的发现及维修有积极意义。     

Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings via discriminative subspace learning: Visualization and classification

Rolling element bearings play an important role in ensuring the availability of industrial machines. Unexpected bearing failures in such machines during field operation can lead to machine breakdown, which may have some pretty severe implications. To address such concern, we extend our algorithm for solving trace ratio problem in linear discriminant analysis to diagnose faulty bearings in this paper. Our algorithm is validated by comparison with other state-of art methods based on a UCI data set, and then be extended to rolling element bearing data. Through the construction of feature data set from sensor-based vibration signals of bearing, the fault diagnosis problem is solved as a pattern classification and recognition way. The two-dimensional visualization and classification accuracy of bearing data show that our algorithm is able to recognize different bearing fault categories effectively. Thus, it can be considered as a promising method for fault diagnosis.     

基于离散小波变换和随机森林的轴承故障诊断研究

针对不同工况下数据特征选择困难和单一分类器在滚动轴承故障诊断中识别率较低等问题,提出了一种基于离散小波变换和随机森林相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法首先利用离散小波变换分解振动信号,得到n层近似系数;然后创新性地采用sigmoid熵构造出n维特征向量,sigmoid熵能较好地提取非平稳信号的特征,提高诊断准确率;最后采用随机森林对滚动轴承不同故障信号进行分类。实验采用西储凯斯大学轴承数据中心网站提供的轴承数据,与传统分类器(KNN和SVM)以及单个分类回归树CART进行对比分析,结果表明该方法具有更好的诊断效果。