农产品智慧供应链体系高质量发展研究

构筑安全可控、循环畅通、高质高效的农产品智慧供应链体系，是新发展格局下稳定农业产业链、供应链的重要依托。本文分析了农产品供应链体系智慧化转型的迫切需求，论述了农产品智慧供应链体系高质量发展的内涵与体系框架，总结了农产品智慧供应链体系建设的现有成效，凝练了供应链各环节数字化水平不均衡、“信息孤岛”现象显著、配套支撑体系建设短板突出等制约发展质量的核心问题。在此基础上，本文论证提出了面向2035年农产品智慧供应链高质量发展的思路与目标，建议采取深入开展农产品智慧供应链关键核心技术研究、构建省级农产品供应链综合管理服务大数据平台、推动农产品供应链各环节数字化转型向纵深发展、完善农产品质量追溯体系建设等重点举措，切实推动农产品智慧供应链建设并发挥应有作用。     

考虑销售努力和运输时间的农产品供应链弹性契约

目的 进一步实现农产品供应链数量弹性契约利润最大化。方法 在市场需求随机的条件下,考虑销售努力和运输时间为影响需求的关键变量,建立起由供应商和零售商组成的农产品供应链数量弹性契约模型。基于该模型引入奖励与惩罚策略,以实现农产品供应链弹性契约的一致性和有效性。结果 结合农产品特征,通过具体的模型优化方法和算例分析得出最优值以及各变量与最优销售努力水平、最优运输时间、最优订货量和整体农产品供应链利润之间的相关关系。结论 农产品供应链弹性契约能实现协调下的利润最大化,对农业经营主体企业开展农产品供应链弹性研究具有重要的理论和实践价值。     

质量不确定下农产品生产商预售策略研究

在生产期内生产商进行农产品预售,产品质量不确定是生产商和零售商共同面临的重要问题。在产能既定条件下,就生产商全部预售和部分预售两种情形,构建了生产商预售和零售商预购决策模型,运用主从博弈方法求解出均衡结果。在此基础上,扩展性分析了生产商允许退订和零售商现货外购对生产商预售决策的影响。研究结论表明,生产商部分预售优于全部预售,允许零售商退订以及零售商现货外购对生产商均有利。在全部预售情况下,供应链不能实现协调;在部分预售情况下,只有预售价等于特定值时,供应链能够实现协调。     

农产品智慧物流发展研究

农产品采后供应链信息化与智能化发展滞后是导致流通效率偏低、品质损失严重的主要因素,谋划我国农产品智慧物流发展是提升农产品产后附加值的迫切需求。本文分析了农产品智慧物流的需求,梳理了农产品智慧物流发展现状,凝练了信息化、标准及质量、人才等方面存在的问题;立足国情,论证提出了2035年我国农产品智慧物流的发展目标与重点任务。研究表明,加强政策扶持、标准化体系建设、人才培养,是实现农产品智慧物流健全发展的关键基础与保障;信息技术的不断升级与应用拓展,推动了我国农产品传统物流向农产品智慧物流的转型升级;智能化、一体化、绿色化的供应链将是未来农产品智慧物流的主要发展方向。相关研究可为农产品物流行业的整体运营效率改善、服务质量升级提供基础性参照。     

基于UCC/EAN-128条码的农产品质量追溯标签的设计与实现

为实现对农产品"从农田到餐桌"的全方位的监控,在对EAN·UCC全球统一标识体系研究的基础上,制定了农产品编码标准,同时结合农产品供应链的实际情况,设计了农产品追溯条码,并基于.net平台实现了农产品追溯标签的自动生成.     

航空货运市场运力分配及定价的协调问题研究

为解决航空运输企业在货运代理市场和现货市场上运力分配优化问题,约束代理人的定价行为,提出了一种能有效协调供应链的补偿合约。数值算例表明,现货市场需求波动程度的越强,补偿合约在实现供应链协同、优化航空运力配置方面发挥的作用越大。     

基于RFID农产品包装追踪与溯源安全机制实施方法

实现食品安全的重要因素是基础农产品的供应链安全机制的保证,基于RFID技术的农产品包装的追踪与溯源是有效的实施办法.通过在整个农产品供应链中实施HACCP,确定实现追踪溯源的必要条件和分析存在问题,因此,基于RFID农产品包装的追踪与溯源是我国食品安全的关键技术,将对我国21世纪农业的健康发展和社会稳定意义深远.     

农产品包装溯源安全机制的研究

实现食品安全的重要因素是基础农产品的供应链安全机制的保证,基于RFID技术的农产品包装的追踪与溯源是有效的实施办法.通过在整个农产品供应链中实施HACCP,确定实现追踪溯源的必要条件和分析存在问题,因此,基于RFID农产品包装的追踪与溯源是我国食品安全的关键技术,将对我国21世纪农业的健康发展和社会稳定作用深远.     

多周期农产品废弃物供应链网络均衡模型构建

目的 研究农产品废弃物可持续利用问题,既实现供应链整体利润最优,又减轻对环境的污染。方法 在随机需求的背景下,考虑生产合作社对零售商的不同激励度,分析生产合作社、零售商、需求市场的最优状态,利用变分不等式建立相应的多周期供应链网络均衡模型。结果 从多周期角度,实现了农产品废弃物供应链网络均衡利益最优化,可为合作社与零售商在较长时间达到一种均衡状态提供有效解决方案。结论 既实现了多周期农产品废弃物的持续利用,又促进了循环经济的发展,同时还实现了供应链网络均衡、供应链整体利润最优和减轻环境污染等目标。     

公平偏好下考虑双边保鲜努力的生鲜农产品供应链协调研究

针对供应商主导的生鲜农产品供应链,建立Stackelberg博弈模型;在考虑供应商、零售商双边保鲜努力水平影响生鲜农产品新鲜度和市场需求的情况下,分析零售商公平偏好对生鲜农产品供应链双边保鲜努力水平和供应链协调性的影响;采用委托代理模型对“批发价格 + 转移支付”的组合契约协调机制进行研究,旨在增加供应链整体利益及其稳定性,更好地协调成员之间的利益。研究表明,无论是否考虑零售商公平偏好,批发价格契约均无法实现生鲜农产品供应链协调,且零售商公平偏好会进一步降低双边保鲜努力水平、使供应链偏离最优。最后基于“批发价格 + 转移支付”的组合契约不仅能使双边保鲜努力水平达到集中决策下最优,实现生鲜农产品供应链协调,还能实现供应链成员利润的帕累托改进。     

Supply chain configuration with co-ordinated product,process and logistics decisions: an approach based on Petri nets

Supply chain configuration lends itself to be an effective means to deal with product differentiation and customisation throughout a supply chain network. It essentially entails the instantiation of a generic supply chain network to specific supply chains in accordance with diverse customer requirements. The lynchpin of supply chain configuration lies in the co-ordination of product, process and logistics decisions in relation to a variety of customer orders. This paper aims to provide modelling support to supply chain configuration. The ultimate goal is to assist companies to form appropriate supply chains with the most added-value to customer order fulfillment. A formalism based on coloured Petri nets is developed for configuring supply chains. System models are built upon the coloured Petri nets and used to incorporate product and process concerns into the supply chain configuration process. An industrial case study is reported to illustrate the potential of the coloured Petri net modelling formalism and the built system models for supply chain configuration.     

Proactive and reactive purchasing planning under dependent demand,price, and yield risks

The trend of globalization and outsourcing makes supply unreliable and companies begin to have supplier diversity embedded into their procurement departments. Traditionally, contract suppliers are a major supply channel for many companies, while the effectiveness of reactive supply sources, such as spot markets, is often ignored. Spot markets have negligible lead times and higher average prices comparing with contract suppliers. In our research, procurement utilizes the combinatorial benefits of proactive supply (a contract supplier) and reactive supply (a spot market). The uncertainties of yields, spot prices, and demand, and the correlations among them are also taken into consideration when designing procurement plans. The objectives of this paper were to evaluate the effectiveness of dealing with uncertain supply using the spot market along with the contract supplier and to model the dependences among all the potential uncertainties. This research also seeks high expected profits without overlooking the associated variances. The analytical expression to determine the optimal order quantity is obtained under the most general situations where commodities can be both bought and sold via the spot market. Some properties are derived to provide useful managerial insights. In addition, reference scenarios, such as pure contract sourcing and the spot market restricted for buying or selling only, are included for comparison purposes.     

考虑气候风险的农产品供应链回扣与订货策略

为了分析气候风险对农产品供应链的收益影响,构建基于蛛网理论的回扣订货模型,该模型涉及提前期、气候温度、订购量3个参数,有效解决了气候风险对农产品供应链的影响。通过CVaR风险度量方法,给出了批发商在回扣模型中的最优订货决策。通过数值算例分析了供应链成员的收益变化。结果表明,考虑气候风险的回扣模型发挥了利润传递作用,有效降低农产品市场售价,扩大市场需求,削弱销售不确定性,提升了整个农产品供应链的盈利能力。     

Current issues and emerging trends in supply chain management: an editorial perspective

Due to the ever-changing dynamics of today's global market place, it is necessary to examine upcoming future trends that may impact businesses. Supply chains are a valuable component of all business planning, and hence, they must be continuously monitored. This paper reflects on the views and contributions of various authors writing on the crucial issue of managing supply chains. Specifically, topics such as relationship quality, performance, integration, responsiveness, risk management strategies, agility, and incentive systems in supply chains are addressed.     

Game Theory Based Decision Coordination Strategy of Agricultural Logistics Service Information System

Under the background of “Internet plus” rapid development, the agricultural logistics industry should apply information technology to every link of the agricultural product logistics industry chain. By making full use of the decision making module of the agricultural logistics information system, we can realize the full sharing of information and data resources, which makes the decision-making scheme of the agricultural logistics information system more optimized. In real economic society, the uncertainty and mismatch between the customer’s logistics service demand and the logistics service capability that the logistics service function provider can provide, that is, when the two information are asymmetric, how to use the third-party contract to coordinate the income and profit distribution of the two, to make the information system decision making more reasonable? This paper mainly studies the coordination scheme of agricultural logistics information system decision making under uncertain output and demand information by introducing the spot market. A joint coordination strategy based on revenue sharing and penalty feedback contracts proposes decentralized decision making based on game theory. Experiments show that the flexible ordering strategy proposed in this paper can reduce the logistics service supply chain’s uncertainty and significantly improve the logistics service supply chain’s overall income level through coordination contracts.     

Dynamic modelling of surge effect and capacity limitation in supply chains

Agile manufacturing has been defined as the capability of reacting to unpredictable market changes in a cost-effective way, simultaneously prospering from the uncertainty. In many industries, vigorously changing markets are demanding more differentiated products in lower volumes and within shorter delivery times. An uncertain environment challenges the response of supply chains. This paper demonstrates, by using a system dynamic simulation, how agility is built into supply chains. Three simulation models are analysed: first, the demand magnification effect in supply chain is studied. Secondly, the analysis is extended to capacity surge effects. Finally, the trade-off between capacity utilization and lead times is discussed. The analysis recommends smaller order sizes, echelon synchronization and capacity analysis as methods of improving the responsiveness of a supply chain. Evidence is provided from simulation runs and established literature. All three models are system dynamics based replications of well-known effects from the research area of production control.     

Circular supply chains in emerging economies – a comparative study of packaging recovery ecosystems in China and Brazil

This paper provides a circular supply chain perspective of packaging recovery ecosystems being implemented by Tetra Pak, a prime global player in the food packaging industry, in two major emerging economies: China and Brazil. The circular supply chain archetype considered in the research allowed a consistent comparative analysis of Tetra Pak's circular supply chains in both countries. Through a case study approach, the research provides theoretical propositions and learning points that are valuable for academics and practitioners interested in the Chinese and Brazilian markets as well as in the supply chains supporting recovery ecosystems in the packaging industry. In particular, the distinct environments in the Chinese and Brazilian markets render Tetra Pak opportunities to design circular supply chains in different ways showing adaptation and learning to local market characteristics. The industrial perspectives from these emerging economies add to the contributions offered in the paper. Overall, the conceptual considerations and practical recommendations presented in the paper provide useful insights for the development of further studies and implementation of industrial practices advocated by the circular economy.     

两阶段供应链期权契约协调

鉴于以往文献对现货市场供应链契约研究的不足,引入在现货市场的情况下买方占主导地位时供应链中双方的反应情况,建立Stackelberg博弈模型进行分析,并通过比较买卖双方签订与不签订契约带来的差异,找出期权契约对双方收益情况的影响,以供双方决策时参考.通过算例分析得出契约条件下参数的成立区间及买卖双方利益的增额.     

Integrated inventory valuation in multi-echelon production/distribution systems

The pressure to reduce inventory has increased as competition expands, product variety grows, and capital costs increase. This investigation addresses the problem of inventory quantification and distribution within multi-echelon supply chains under market uncertainty and management flexibility. This approach is based on an optimisation model emphasising demand uncertainty and the relevant dimensions of network design as number of echelons, lead time, service level, and cost of processing activities. Overstock quantification enables the understanding of inventory level sensitivity to market uncertainty. A comparison among production sites and storage facilities revealed that higher downstream overstock levels decrease upstream echelons of uncertainty exposition. The contribution of this study relies on management's ability to establish inventory targets for each stocking point according to risk exposure and to promote the optimisation of working capital. Overall, this investigation increases knowledge related to the treatment of demand uncertainty in flexible and integrated supply chains