挤压410L不锈钢金属蜂窝的烧结和组织结构研究

本文采用粉体挤压-烧结工艺制备410L不锈钢金属蜂窝,研究不同的烧结温度和时间条件下烧结蜂窝的收缩率、表观密度和组织结构特征.研究表明,随烧结温度的升高,蜂窝的收缩率和表观密度增大,径向收缩率的变化范围为17%～22%,纵向收缩率的变化范围为11%～19%,表观密度的范围为1.7～2.3g/cm3.随烧结时间的延长,蜂窝的收缩率和表观密度也随之增大,径向收缩率的变化范围为20%～23%,纵向收缩率的变化范围为13%～18%,表观密度的范围为1.8～2.3g/cm3.烧结组织为Fe-Cr固溶体(α-Fe)及第二相颗粒(Fe,Cr)3C和(Fe,Cr)3Si,烧结温度为1235℃、时间为25min最佳.     

低温烧结Al2O3-Bi2O3陶瓷基板的性能研究

以Al2O3和Ri2O3为主要原料,添加微量烧结助剂,采用传统的陶瓷制备工艺制备片式熔断器基体材料.采用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜(SEM)时材料进行了观察和性能测试.结果表明,随着烧结温度的升高和Bi2O3含量的增多,基体材料的致密度和收缩率均相应增大;相对介电常数随着温度的升高而增大,而介电损耗减小;当Al2O3质量分数为50%时,基体材料经950℃保温2h烧结后,ρ=3.87g/cm3,εr=33.92,tanδ=0.036,满足低介电损耗性能要求.     

烧结工艺对泡沫玻璃孔结构的影响

以无碱玻璃粉为主要原料,SiC为发泡剂,采用粉末烧结法制备了保温泡沫玻璃。采用XRD、SEM等分析测试手段,研究了烧结温度和保温时间对泡沫玻璃气泡结构、表观密度、气孔率以及抗压强度的影响。结果表明,随着烧结温度的提高和保温时间的延长,泡沫玻璃的表观密度呈下降趋势,平均孔径会逐渐增大,以致产生连通孔现象。当烧结温度为940℃,保温时间为30 min时制得的泡沫玻璃表观密度为0.46g/cm3,抗压强度达3.81 MPa,吸水率为0.41%,孔径为1~3mm的气泡占80%以上。     

Y2O3和B2O3对莫来石低温烧结的影响

由于Si4+和Al3+离子在莫来石晶界处扩散速率低,莫来石陶瓷难以烧结.为了降低莫来石陶瓷的烧结温度,在莫来石中添加Y203.B2O3为烧结助剂,研究了添加剂在单独和混合添加情况下对莫来石陶瓷体积密度、抗弯强度以及微观形貌等的影响.同时,研究了烧结温度及保温时间对莫来石陶瓷性能的影响.研究表明,添加剂显著地降低了莫来石的烧成温度,添加Y2O3充当烧结助剂比添加B2O3具有更好的效果,随着温度的提高,陶瓷强度由37.39MPa增至77.89MPa,体积密度由1.99g/cm3增至2.60g/cm3.     

微波和常规烧结制备纳米Al_2O_3/3Y-TZP陶瓷

采用共沉淀法制备Al2O3/3Y-TZP纳米粉体,粉体压制后通过微波和常规烧结制备Al2O3/3Y-TZP陶瓷,并研究两种烧结方法对Al2O3/3Y-TZP陶瓷相对密度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和断口形貌等的影响。结果表明,共沉淀法制得的Al2O3/3Y-TZP纳米粉体晶粒细小、均匀,近似球形,尺寸为40~60nm;随烧结温度的升高,两种烧结方法制备的陶瓷试样相对密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性均先升高后降低;与常规烧结相比,Al2O3/3Y-TZP陶瓷的微波烧结温度明显降低,时间显著缩短,且晶粒更细小,相对密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性显著提高。     

微波热效应陶瓷材料性能研究

采用常压烧结法合成了Fe2O3-莫来石微波热效应陶瓷材料,并对材料的抗弯强度、抗热震性能及介电性能进行了研究.结果表明,随烧结温度由1250℃升高至1350℃,烧结样品中残留的刚玉相减少,微波热效应陶瓷材料的体积密度、抗弯强度显著增大,相对介电常数随Fe2O3含量增加而增大,气孔率适中.在最佳烧结温度1350℃,氧化铁含量为30％,莫来石理论含量为70％条件下,制备的微波热效应陶瓷材料的体积密度为2.185g/cm3,抗压强度为77MPa,相对介电常数适中,满足微波热效应陶瓷性能要求.     

低温烧结氧化铝基体材料性能的研究

以目前最常用的LTCC材料为基础,选择Al2O3为片式熔断器基体材料.系统研究在不同烧结温度下的Al2O3-Bi2O3陶瓷基体,通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析了不同温度下样品的相组成及密度变化,指出形成这种相结构的可能影响因素;测试了不同频率下样品的介电性能.结果表明,Bi2O3的掺杂可以提高Al2O3陶瓷的烧结活性,进而大大降低了陶瓷的烧结温度,密度在900℃达到最大值3.7g/cm3,陶瓷样品的主晶相为α-Al2O3,没有杂相存在,且断口形貌分布均匀没有明显的气孔存在,同时总结出了介电常数和介质损耗的变化规律.     

挤压316L金属蜂窝的烧结及其组织性能研究

以金属粉末、粘结剂为原料,经炼料制成膏状挤压料,通过挤压模成型为蜂窝状,再经高温烧结制备成316L不锈钢蜂窝.研究了烧结气氛、烧结温度对蜂窝烧结组织结构的影响,并对烧结后的蜂窝进行力学性能测试.结果表明,在氢气中烧结的316L蜂窝组织,金属颗粒间形成烧结颈,呈网状连接在一起,并随温度升高颗粒合并长大成晶粒,基体组织为Fe-Cr-Ni-C(γ-Fe)固溶体,第二相球形颗粒为富含硅的低熔点化合物;在真空中烧结,金属颗粒表面形成氧化物Fe2Cr4O4、Cr2O3,以及SiO2,大量的表面氧化物阻碍了金属粉末颗粒的结合,直接影响烧结蜂窝的强度,致使烧结蜂窝强度远低于氢气中烧结的蜂窝.在氢气中烧结的316L金属蜂窝,其径向抗压强度可达40～50 MPa,远高于目前广泛应用的陶瓷蜂窝载体,是作为载体材料的一种理想选择.     

Al2O3透明陶瓷显微结构的研究

采用高纯Al2O3(＞99.9%)粉末为原料,用无压烧结工艺制备Al2O3透明陶瓷.研究了添加剂Y2O3、烧结温度、保温时间等对Al2O3透明陶瓷显微结构和光学性能的影响.实验结果表明,适量的Y2O3能够抑制Al2O3晶粒的生长,改善烧结性能,但添加量过多会使Al2O3陶瓷气孔略有增加.在1800℃烧结的样品密度接近理论密度,具有较好的光学性能.延长保温时间能够使晶粒长大的同时有效排除晶界处少量气孔.     

内氧化-高速压制法制备Al_2O_3弥散强化铜合金的性能研究

以Cu-0.18%(质量分数)Al合金粉末为原料、Cu2O为氧化剂,采用内氧化法制备Al2O3弥散铜合金粉末,采用高速压制(HVC)对粉末进行成形,经氢气中960~1 080℃烧结制备弥散强化铜合金,研究合金粉末的HVC成形效果和烧结温度对合金致密度、硬度、导电率和压缩强度等性能的影响。结果表明,HVC成形Al2O3弥散铜合金粉能获得良好的成形效果,压坯密度达到8.71 g/cm3(98.4%致密度)。与压坯相比,烧结后合金的致密度并无明显变化,但其导电率显著提升,硬度有所降低,压缩强度升高。随烧结温度的升高,合金的导电率有所升高,硬度略有降低,压缩强度基本保持恒定。经1 040~1 080℃烧结制备合金的导电率、硬度分别达到80%IACS和77 HRB以上,压缩强度达到450 MPa,能基本满足点焊电极的实际应用需求。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.