碳包覆NiO纳米颗粒的制备与性能

采用直流电弧放电等离子体技术成功制备了碳包覆NiO(NiO@C)纳米颗粒,并对样品的形貌、晶体结构、粒度、比表面积和孔结构采用高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线能量色散分析谱仪、拉曼散射光谱和N_2吸-脱附等测试手段进行了分析。实验结果表明:直流电弧等离子体技术制备的NiO@C纳米颗粒具有典型的核壳结构,内核为面心立方结构的NiO纳米颗粒,外壳为碳层。颗粒形貌主要为立方体结构,粒度均匀,分散性良好,粒径分布在30~70nm范围,平均粒径为50nm,外壳碳层的厚度为5nm。NiO@C纳米颗粒BET比表面积为28m~2/g,等效直径为46nm,与TEM和XRD测得的结果基本一致。Raman光谱说明样品中碳包覆层的石墨化程度较低,发生了红移现象。     

直流碳弧法制备碳包覆铁纳米颗粒机理研究

采用直流碳弧等离子体法成功制备了碳包覆铁纳米颗粒,利用透射电子显微镜和高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线能谱仪对样品的形貌、物相结构、化学成分和粒度进行表征分析,并对碳包覆纳米金属颗粒的形成机理进行初步探讨。结果表明:直流碳弧等离子体技术制备的碳包覆纳米金属颗粒具有明显的铁核(bcc-Fe)/碳壳(石墨层片)包覆结构,颗粒大多呈球形和椭球形,粒径分布在20~60nm范围,平均粒径为44nm,铁粒子外碳层的厚度为5~8nm。碳包覆铁纳米铁颗粒是通过颗粒内部固态形式的碳自行扩散至颗粒表面和颗粒外部气态形式的碳沉积到颗粒表面形成的。     

直流碳弧等离子体法制备碳包覆铁纳米颗粒研究

在惰性保护气氛下,采用直流碳弧等离子体法成功制备了碳包覆铁纳米颗粒,并利用x射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和相应选区电子衍射(ED)等测试手段,对样品的化学成分、形貌、物相结构、粒度等特征进行表征分析.实验结果表明:直流碳弧等离子体技术制备的碳包覆纳米金属颗粒具有明显的核-壳结构,内核金属结晶度较高,外壳碳为类石墨层结构,颗粒大多呈球形和椭球形,粒径分布在20nm～60nm范围,平均粒径为44nm.     

CeO2/聚苯胺纳米复合材料的合成与表征

合成了具有核-壳结构的CeO2/聚苯胺纳米复合材料,并用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和热分析仪(TG)等对样品的成分、结构、粒度和稳定性进行了表征.结果表明:该纳米复合材料具有核-壳结构,其核平均粒径为17nm,且热稳定性高.     

Ag纳米粒子表面BSA隔离层对聚苯乙烯荧光的增强效应

通过氧化还原法制备了粒径处于50~65nm的球形银(Ag)纳米粒子,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析其形貌及单分散性。在Ag纳米粒子基础上采用沉积自组装法合成了有效粒径为80.8nm的Ag/牛血清白蛋白(BSA)核壳结构纳米粒子。结合SEM、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和荧光发射光谱(FL)分析发现,BSA有效地包覆在Ag纳米粒子的外层,Ag/BSA核壳结构纳米粒子单分散性良好,加入Ag/BSA核壳结构纳米粒子的聚苯乙烯(PS)的荧光强度从100增强到6 000。研究结果表明,BSA隔离层对位于Ag表面附近的PS分子的荧光强度有显著的增强效应。     

Al2O3/NiO包裹Ni纳米颗粒的结构和磁性

用电弧法蒸发Ni-Al合金(4%～5%Al,质量分数),制备了Al2O3/NiO包裹Ni及Ni-Al合金纳米颗粒.高分辨电镜显示该纳米颗粒具有壳核结构,核为纳米Ni及Ni-Al合金,壳为Al2O3/NiO复合氧化物.壳的厚度为2～4 nm,颗粒的尺寸为5～60 nm.壳核结构防止纳米Ni颗粒的进一步氧化和团聚.饱和磁化强度为29.6 Am2/kg,矫顽力为4.13 kA/m.由于铁磁和反铁磁性相界面处存在交换耦合作用,磁滞曲线出现小的偏置.     

碳包覆氧化亚钴纳米颗粒的制备与性能研究

采用直流电弧放电等离子体技术成功制备了碳包覆氧化亚钴纳米颗粒,并对样品的形貌、晶体结构、粒度、比表面积和孔结构采用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线能量色散光谱(XEDS)、拉曼散射光谱(Raman)和N_2吸-脱附等测试手段进行了分析。HRTEM表明该方法制备的碳包覆氧化亚钴纳米颗粒具有典型的核壳结构,颗粒形貌主要为球形或椭球结构,粒度均匀,分散性良好,粒径分布在20~60nm,平均粒径为40nm,外壳碳层的厚度为5nm。XRD证明样品的内核为面心立方结构的氧化亚钴纳米颗粒,外壳为碳层。XEDS图谱表明样品中主要存在Co、O和C元素的特征峰。Raman光谱说明样品中碳外包覆层的石墨化程度较低,发生了红移现象。样品的N_2吸附-脱附等温曲线属Ⅳ型,BET比表面积为33m~2/g,BJH脱附累积总孔孔容和脱附平均孔径分别为0.078cm~3/g和11nm。当量粒径为43nm,与TEM和XRD测得的结果基本一致。     

导电涂料中纳米铜粉抗氧化性的研究

为了提高纳米铜粉的抗氧化能力及其在聚合物基体中的分散性,在钠米铜粉表面包覆一层导电性和抗氧化性均佳的银.以水合肼为还原剂、PVP(聚乙稀吡咯烷酮)和硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)为分散剂,采用二月桂酸二丁基锡对纳米铜颗粒表面进行活化处理,然后采用置换反应法制备得到了与原纳米铜粉粒径和形貌大致相同的核壳型铜-银双金属粉末.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、XRF、TGA等手段分析了核壳铜-银双金属粉的抗氧化性能,并用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对粉末形貌进行表征.结果表明,经表面活化处理后得到的核壳铜-银双金属粉,在镀银质量分数较低(37.68%)时也能形成完全包覆型结构.包覆后的铜纳米颗粒在700℃以下没有任何氧化现象.     

多元醇溶剂对纳米Gd_2O_3∶Tb~(3+)/SiO_x尺寸及发光性能的影响

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为溶剂,用多元醇法制备了Tb~(3+)掺杂的纳米Gd_2O_3并在其表面包覆聚硅氧烷壳层,得到了Gd_2O_3∶Tb~(3+)/SiO_x纳米颗粒,研究了不同分子量(200、400、600)PEG对纳米颗粒尺寸及发光的影响。扫描电镜图像表明样品均为分散的球形,其中PEG200制备出的纳米颗粒具有明显核壳结构。马尔文激光粒度仪测试结果表明随着PEG分子量的增大,包覆前的颗粒粒径分别为78、21和28nm,包覆后的颗粒粒径分别为140、32和38nm;发射光谱表明:与PEG400和PEG600相比,PEG200合成出的纳米颗粒的荧光性能最佳。     

纳米尺度PS/Ag核壳结构复合球的制备与表征

采用分步法制备了聚苯乙烯/银(PS/Ag)核壳结构复合纳米球。首先采用无皂乳液聚合法并利用丙烯酸(AA)的羧基对制备的PS球进行改性,使其表面带负电荷;然后通过静电吸附作用在改性PS球的表面沉积[Ag(NH3)2]+,水浴(80℃)环境中利用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)作为还原剂将PS球表面的[Ag(NH3)2]+还原,制备出PS/Ag核壳结构复合球。通过动态激光粒度分析仪和透射电子显微镜对PS/Ag核壳纳米球的粒度分布、形貌和结构进行了表征,研究了AA的用量对复合球粒径及包覆的Ag壳厚度的影响。结果表明,随着AA用量的增大,所包覆的银层更加致密,厚度增大,当AA用量为15%时可得到Ag完全包覆的PS/Ag复合纳米球。     

碳包裹镍核-壳结构复合纳米颗粒的制备及性能研究

采用自行研制的实验装置,通过阳极弧放电等离子体技术成功制备了碳包裹镍核-壳结构纳米复合颗粒,并采用酸洗和磁选的方法对初产物进行了纯化.利用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线能量色散分析谱仪(XEDS)等测试手段对样品的化学成分、形貌、微观结构和粒度等特征进行了表征...     

Microstructure of the native oxide layer on Ni and Cr-doped Ni nanoparticles

Most metallic nanoparticles exposed to air at room temperature will be instantaneously oxidized and covered by an oxide layer. In most cases the true structural nature of the oxide layer formed at this stage is hard to determine. As shown previously for Fe and other nanoparticles, the nature of the oxides form on the particles can vary with particle size and nature of the oxidation process. In this paper, we report the morphology and structural features of the native oxide layer on pure Ni and Cr-doped Ni nanoparticles synthesized using a cluster deposition process. Structural characterization carried out at the atomic level using aberration corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) in combination with electron and X-ray diffractions reveals that both pure Ni and Cr-doped Ni particles exposed to air at room temperature similarly possesses a core-shell structure of metal core covered by an oxide layer of typically 1.6 nm in thickness. There exists a critical size of approximately 6 nm, below which the particle is fully oxidized. The oxide particle corresponds to the rock-salt structured NiO and is faceted on the (001) planes. XPS of O-1s shows a strong peak that is attributed to (OH)-, which in combination with the atomic level HRTEM imaging indicates that the very top layer of the oxide is hydrolyzed.     

Facile synthesis of near-monodisperse Ag@Ni core-shell nanoparticles and their application for catalytic generation of hydrogen

Magnetically recyclable Ag-Ni core-shell nanoparticles have been fabricated via a simple one-pot synthetic route using oleylamine both as solvent and reducing agent and triphenylphosphine as a surfactant. As characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the as-synthesized Ag-Ni core-shell nanoparticles exhibit a very narrow size distribution with a typical size of 14.9 ± 1.2 nm and a tunable shell thickness. UV-vis absorption spectroscopy study shows that the formation of a Ni shell on Ag core can damp the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the Ag core and lead to a red-shifted SPR absorption peak. Magnetic measurement indicates that all the as-synthesized Ag-Ni core-shell nanoparticles are superparamagnetic at room temperature, and their blocking temperatures can be controlled by modulating the shell thickness. The as-synthesized Ag-Ni core-shell nanoparticles exhibit excellent catalytic properties for the generation of H(2) from dehydrogenation of sodium borohydride in aqueous solutions. The hydrogen generation rate of Ag-Ni core-shell nanoparticles is found to be much higher than that of Ag and Ni nanoparticles of a similar size, and the calculated activation energy for hydrogen generation is lower than that of many bimetallic catalysts. The strategy employed here can also be extended to other noble-magnetic metal systems.     

镍纳米粉的阳极弧等离子体制备工艺条件与性能研究

为了研究阳极弧放电等离子体方法在制备镍纳米粉过程中电弧电流、气体压力等工艺参数对纳米粉产率及粒度的影响,寻求制备金属纳米粉的最佳工艺参数.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和相应选区电子衍射(ED)、BET吸附等测试手段对样品的形貌、晶体结构、粒度分布、比表面积等性能进行了表征.研究结果表明:本法所制得的镍纳米粉的晶格结构为fcc结构.呈规则的球形链状分布,适当控制工艺参数就能制取粒径范围在20-100nm的金属纳米粉,在其他工艺参数不变条件下,气压升高或电弧电流增大,都会使粒度增大,产率增大.     

Nickel oxide/polypyrrole/silver nanocomposites with core/shell/shell structure: Synthesis,characterization and their electrochemical behaviour with antimicrobial activities

Magnetic and conducting Nickel oxide–polypyrrole (NiO/PPy) nanoparticles with core–shell structure were prepared in the presence of Nickel oxide (NiO) in aqueous solution containing sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) as a surfactant as well as dopant. A stable dispersion of silver (Ag) nanoparticles was synthesized by chemical (citrate reduction) method. NiO/PPy nanocomposites were added to the Ag colloid under stirring. Ag nanoparticles could be electrostatically attracted on the surface of NiO/PPy nanocomposites, leading to formation of NiO/PPy/Ag nanocomposites with core/shell/shell structure. The morphology, structure, particle size and composition of the products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and current–voltage (I–V) analysis. The resultant nanocomposites have the good conductivity and excellent electrochemical and catalytic properties of PPy and Ag nanoparticles. Furthermore, the nanocomposites showed excellent antibacterial behaviour due to the presence of Ag nanoparticles in the composite. The thermal stability of NiO–PPy as well as NiO/PPy/Ag nanocomposites was higher than that of pristine PPy. Studies of IR spectra suggest that the increased thermal stability may be due to interactions between NiO and Ag nanoparticles with the PPy backbone.     

The growth of nickel nanoparticles on conductive polymer composite electrodes

Uniformly sized and dispersed nickel core-shell nanoparticles on polypyrrole have been grown by electrodeposition. Two principal types of Ni particle morphologies were observed: small Ni nanocrystallites ranging in diameter from 7 to 12 nm, and larger spherical Ni clusters of 100 nm to over a micron in size. The type of Ni nanoparticles deposited depends sensitively on the preparation of the conducting polymer substrate. The optimal deposition conditions for the small Ni nanocrystallites were determined. TEM diffraction and XPS analysis show that these nanoparticles are predominantly NiO.     

Ni(3)Si(Al)/a-SiO(x) core-shell nanoparticles: characterization, shell formation, and stability

We have used an electrochemical selective phase dissolution method to extract nanoprecipitates of the Ni(3)Si-type intermetallic phase from two-phase Ni-Si and Ni-Si-Al alloys by dissolving the matrix phase. The extracted nanoparticles are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry, x-ray powder diffraction, and electron powder diffraction. It is found that the Ni(3)Si-type nanoparticles have a core-shell structure. The core maintains the size, the shape, and the crystal structure of the precipitates that existed in the bulk alloys, while the shell is an amorphous phase, containing only Si and O (SiO(x)). The shell forms around the precipitates during the extraction process. After annealing the nanoparticles in nitrogen at 700?°C, the tridymite phase recrystallizes within the shell, which remains partially amorphous. In contrast, on annealing in air at 1000?°C, no changes in the composition or the structure of the nanoparticles occur. It is suggested that the shell forms after dealloying of the matrix phase, where Si atoms, the main constituents of the shell, migrate to the surface of the precipitates.