Optical clock-pulse-train generator for processing preamble-free asynchronous optical packets

An optical clock-pulse-train generator (OCPTG) for processing asynchronous arbitrary-length optical packets with no preamble is developed. The OCPTG consists of a fiber-loop-based optical pulse-train generator (PTG) and an optical clock-pulse generator that, for every input asynchronous optical packet, generates a single, synchronized optical pulse which is fed to the PTG. Generation of an optical clock-pulse-train with stable pulse energy, precise repetition rate, and duration matching the input packet is achieved for variable-length optical packets. The OCPTG and an all-optical demultiplexer combined demonstrate error-free demultiplexing of a 10-Gb/s asynchronous optical packet stream.     

Single mode fiber MT-RJ SFF transceiver module using opticalsubassembly with a new shielded silicon optical bench

Demand for a compact cost reduced optical transceiver has arisen. Small form factor (SFF) optical transceivers are expected to meet this demand. A new concept optical module based on V-grooved silicon optical bench (SiOB) technology, that enables a passive alignment of optical fibers and optical devices is expected to reduce the cost. MT-RJ SFF optical transceivers require this new packaging technique because the distance between input and output optical axes is shorter than conventional transceivers. However, crosstalk between a transmitter and a receiver is a big issue to be solved because the distance between optical axes of the laser diode (LD) and the photo diode (PD) is only 0.75 mm. It is difficult to reduce the crosstalk in a SiOB because large electromagnetic coupling exists due to the conductivity of a silicon substrate. A newly developed, low crosstalk optical subassembly (OSA) with a single mode fiber MT-RJ receptacle and the SFF transceiver module are reported. We have analyzed a mechanism of electrical crosstalk in a SiOB and developed a shield structure to reduce it. The crosstalk in the OSA with shielded SiOB was reduced over 20 dB compared to the unshielded SiOB     

Network architecture for optical path transport networks

This paper proposes a new layered transport network architecture on which the WDM optical path network can be effectively created. The optical path network will play a key role in the development of the transport network that will realize the bandwidth-abundant B-ISDN. This paper extends the layered transport network architecture described in ITU-T Recommendation G.803 which is applied in existing SDH networks. First, we elucidate an application example of WDM optical path networks. Next, we propose a new layered architecture for WDM-based transport networks that retains maximum commonality with the layered architectures developed for existing B-ISDN networks. The proposed architecture is composed of circuit layer networks, electrical path layer networks, optical layer networks, and physical media (fiber) networks. The optical layer is divided into an optical path layer and an optical section layer. The optical path layer accommodates electrical paths. Optical section layer networks are divided into optical multiplex section (OMS) layer networks and optical repeater section (ORS) layer networks. The OMS layer network is concerned with the end-to-end transfer of information between locations transferring or terminating optical paths, whereas the ORS layer is concerned with the transfer of information between individual optical repeaters. Finally, a detailed functional block model of WDM optical path networks, the function allocation of each layer, and an optical transport module (OTM) are developed     

Long reach DWDM-PON with 12.5 GHz channel spacing based on comb source seeding

A long reach dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network(DWDM-PON) with 12.5 GHz channel spacing is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. An optical frequency comb source is used to provide the multiwavelength seeding light, while reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers(RSOAs) are installed in both optical line terminal(OLT) and optical network units(ONUs) as colorless transmitter. The experimental results show that the bidirectional transmission for 1.2 Gbit/s data rate is achieved over 80 km single mode fiber(SMF).     

航空遥感器光学窗口光机热一体化设计

为减小光学窗口对航空光学遥感器成像质量的影响,对光学窗口的窗口玻璃厚度进行了优化设计。根据强度理论确定了窗口玻璃最小厚度。依据纵掠平壁理论计算出光学窗口外表面的平均对流换热系数;以热光学为基础,仿真了航摄时光学窗口的瞬态温度场分布;计算了光学窗口在热-力耦合作用下不同窗口玻璃厚度时的波像差(PV和RMS),最终确定了矩形光学窗口(290 mm×140 mm)的玻璃厚度为17 mm。试验结果表明:特征频率为60 lp/mm时光学系统传递函数为0.304,并获得了稳定、清晰的航摄图像。成功实现了光学窗口的光机热一体化设计,可为其他航空光学窗口设计提供参考。     

光交换的时间及空间结构分析

拓扑学上的光网络由边(光传输)和节点(光交换)组成。从业务属性出发,基于连接和无连接方式,分析了光交换的时间结构,包括光分组和光突发的时间结构,以及不同动态性的光电路交换的时长及其度量标准,结合实验结果分析了最短光电路交换的时长极限。从多端口和大容量的要求出发,重点讨论了基于微电子机械系统(MEMS)开关、波长选择开关(WSS)和阵列波导光栅(AWG)的三种光交换结构。分析了光交换结构的扩展方法,并讨论了光交换的几个具有挑战性的问题,包括缓存和能耗问题。通过分析,希望从时间和空间两个维度更清晰地认识光交换的本质及其与电交换的异同。     

Efficient reversible NOR gates and their mapping in optical computing domain

Reversible logic is a computing paradigm in which there is a one to one mapping between the input and the output vectors. Reversible logic gates are implemented in an optical domain as it provides high speed and low energy computations. In the existing literature there are two types of optical mapping of reversible logic gates: (i) based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switch; (ii) based on linear optical quantum computation (LOQC) using linear optical quantum logic gates. In reversible computing, the NAND logic based reversible gates and design methodologies based on them are widely popular. The NOR logic based reversible gates and design methodologies based on them are still unexplored. In this work, we propose two NOR logic based n-input and n-output reversible gates one of which can be efficiently mapped in optical computing using the Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) while the other one can be mapped efficiently in optical computing using the linear optical quantum gates. The proposed reversible NOR gates work as a corresponding NOR counterpart of NAND logic based Toffoli gates. The proposed optical reversible NOR logic gates can implement the reversible boolean logic functions with a reduced number of linear optical quantum logic gates or reduced optical cost and propagation delay compared to their implementation using existing optical reversible NAND gates. It is illustrated that an optical reversible gate library having both optical Toffoli gate and the proposed optical reversible NOR gate is superior compared to the library containing only the optical Toffoli gate: (i) in terms of number of linear optical quantum gates when implemented using linear optical quantum computing (LOQC), (ii) in terms of optical cost and delay when implemented using the Mach–Zehnder interferometer.     

基于修正素数码的红外PPM码分多址通信系统

分析基于修正素数码的红外脉冲位置调制(PPM)码分多址同步通信系统和引入光硬限幅器的同步通信系统误码性能.考虑多用户干扰、背景光散粒噪声和接收机热噪声情况下,推导有、无光硬限幅器的红外PPMCDMA同步系统误比特率上限。分析结果表明,基于修正素数码的光硬限幅器同步系统的误码性能优于无光硬限幅器系统的误码性能。     

半导体光放大器的偏振光开关性能改进

半导体光放大器(SOA)非线性偏振旋转效应的光开关具有开关速度快、易集成等优点,其开关操作可以通过改变注入SOA中的电流而获得。这种偏振光开关的性能主要受注入光功率与控制电流的大小范围来决定。基于SOA中的偏振主态的概念,分析了非线性偏振旋转效应与控制电流的关系,并对不同功率的注入光进行了偏振旋转实验,分别实现了偏振光开关的操作。实验结果表明:随着注入光功率的增加可以提高光开关的分光比,有效改进光开关的性能。当注入光为5 dBm时,光开关的分光比与消光比均可达到30 dB。     

A comparison between optical SSB transmitter-filter in a full-duplex radio-on-fiber transport system

We present the investigation of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) filter as an optical single sideband (SSB) filter at the receiving site. A comparison is made with an alternative optical SSB generation technique using optical SSB transmitter. The function of the optical SSB filter is employed to replace the optical SSB transmitter, not only to select the appropriate wavelength but also to suppress the fiber dispersion effect. Using simple FBG filter as an optical SSB filter in full-duplex radio-on-fiber (ROF) transport systems is a very attractive option, as it is passive and potentially low cost.     

国内MOEMS光开关的研究现状

阐述了国内MOEMS光开关的研制现状,列举了国内正在研制的各种MOEMS光开关的结构和性能参数,并且分析了影响光开关性能的各种因素。     

Colorless ONU implementation for WDM-PON using direct-detection optical OFDM

A novel architecture for the colorless optical network unit (ONU) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated with direct-detection optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DDO-OFDM). In this architecture, polarization-division multiplexing is used to reduce the cost at ONU. In optical line terminal (OLT), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) intensity-modulated OFDM signal with x-polarization at 10 Gbit/s is transmitted as downstream. At each ONU, the optical OFDM signal is demodulated with direct detection, and y-polarization signal is modulated for upstream on-off keying (OOK) data at 5 Gbit/s. Simulation results show that the power penalty is negligible for both optical OFDM downstream and the on-off keying upstream signals after over 50 km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission.     

Mechanically Flexible Chip-to-Substrate Optical Interconnections Using Optical Pillars

We experimentally characterize the benefits of using surface-normal mechanically flexible optical waveguides, or optical pillars, for chip-to-substrate optical interconnection. In order to benchmark the performance of the optical pillars, the optical coupling efficiency from a light source to an optical aperture with and without an optical pillar is measured. For a light source with 12deg beam divergence, a 50times150 mum optical pillar improves the coupling efficiency by 2-4 dB compared to pillar-free (free-space) optical coupling. A 30times150 m optical pillar improves the coupling efficiency by 3-4.5 dB. This demonstrates the importance of using optical pillars when small photodetectors (PDs) and dense optical input/outputs (I/Os) are needed. The optical excess losses of 50times150 mum optical pillars are measured to be less than 0.2 dB. Due to the high mechanical flexibility of the pillars, we also demonstrate that optical pillars enhance the optical coupling efficiency between the chip and substrate when they are misaligned in the lateral direction. This is especially important since the coefficient of thermal expansion of the chip and substrate are often mismatched, and preserving optical alignment and interconnection between them is critical during thermal excursions. The lateral mechanical compliance of the optical pillars is also measured and can be as great as 30 mum/mN. The optical pillars are also shown to be compliant under a compressive force thus allowing the optical I/Os to be assembled on nonplanar surfaces such as low-cost organic substrates.     

基于广域测量的超长距离通信光缆故障监测

针对通信光缆故障监测频率同步性受到光缆长度限制、易出现监测精度下降的问题,提出基于广域测量的超长距离通信光缆故障监测方法.该方法通过全球定位系统(GPS)精准同步向量测量单元(PMU),提供频率、相位和幅值信息,利用光时域反射仪(0TDR)技术判断光缆故障点,完成超长距离光缆故障监测.实验结果表明:光缆故障信号频率变化...     

波分复用光传送网中光路的噪声积累模型

根据国际电信联盟(ITU—T)建议G．873定义的光传送网(OTN)中光路的假设参考模型(HRM)．提出了光路经过多个光节点和光纤传输段后噪声积累的数学模型，推导了解析计算公式，并且按照节点隔离原理推导了计算噪声积累的简化公式以及工程等效模型。分析了光节点中增益(损耗)分配对噪声功率的影响．得出了光节点的优化设计原则。提出的光路噪声模型可以为光网络中光节点和光纤传输段的设计提供参考。     

Very high speed intra-office optical link experiments for 0.4- and 1.6-Gbit/s trunk lines

Very high speed optical links are studied. Applicable areas for systems using light-emitting diodes (LED'S) or laser diodes (LD's) with short transmission length are clarified. A new type differential mode inversion (DMI) decoder is proposed and it is shown that the DMI code is suitable as the line code for very high speed intra-office optical links. By using DMI code. a 400-Mbit/s information rate optical transmission experiment employing a 1.3-μm InGaAsP LED and a 0.5-km graded-index multimode optical fiber (GIF) as well as a 1.6-Gbit/s information rate optical transmission experiment using a 1.3-μm InGaAsP/InP Fabry-Perot-type LD and a 10-km single-mode optical fiber (SMF) are carried out. These results show that the feasibility of a 400-Mbit/s intra-office optical link using the LED and GIF, as well as a 1.6-Gbit/s intra-office optical link using the LD and SMF, are confirmed and this optical transmission technology has high-speed performance up to 3.2 Gbit/s.     

Code-division multiple-access in an optical fiber LAN with amplified bus topology: the SLIM bus

A novel optical fiber network with a bus topology and dark signaling (the SLIM bus) using optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) is proposed. With a new design of delay line correlator the network is shown to eliminate optical beating noise and overcome the main limitations of incoherent optical CDMA in a star topology.     

FM-FDM optical CATV transmission experiment and system design forMUSE HDTV signals

FM-FDM (frequency division multiplexing) optical transmission equipment has been developed for 34-channel MUSE HDTV (high-definition television) signals to realize optical CATV (cable television) systems. The equipment uses an LD (laser diode) with a 1.3 μm wavelength, a single-mode optical fiber, and an avalanche photodiode (APD). A good picture is received after a 42 km transmission. A part of the multiplexed signals is distorted near or below the threshold of an LD. When the number of transmission channels is small and the total optical modulation depth is large, this nonlinearity governs the power ratio of an FM signal to one distortion component-the DU ratio. However, when the number of transmission channels is large, the DU ratio is determined by the effective optical modulation depth rather than the total optical modulation depth. Furthermore, the method of system design is clarified for an optical trunk line CATV system. If no restriction on the transmission bandwidth of optical devices exists, approximately 30 km transmission of 100-channel MUSE HDTV signals is available with a received CN ratio of 17.5 dB     

Increasing acceptable number of signals in subcarrier multipleaccess optical networks in the presence of high optical beatinterference

This paper theoretically and experimentally demonstrates that our proposed method improves the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of subcarriers and significantly increases the number of acceptable optical signals in subcarrier multiple access (SCMA) systems using distributed feedback laser diodes (DFB-LD's) with the same center optical frequency. This method reduces optical beat interference by using the multiplied product of the subcarriers and a low-frequency signal. From the experimental results using 1.3 μm DFB-LD's, the CNR sufficiently satisfies the required level even if the number of optical signals is three. Theoretically, the number of acceptable optical signals increases as LD's with wider optical line-width or with greater chirp coefficient are used. For example, assuming a laser chirp coefficient of 540 MHz/mA, the maximum number of LD's that can be used while still meeting the minimal CNR requirement is 12. This number corresponds to 66 optical beat interferences. Thus, this proposed beat-interference reduction technique is very effective in SCMA systems using DFB-LD's without optical frequency control