一种基于单目视觉的微型无人机姿态算法

针对无人机在连续飞行过程中的姿态求取问题,提出一种基于单目视觉的微型无人机姿态算法。基于无人机摄像机获得序列图像,利用图像尺度不变特性变换获取特征点信息,结合对极几何约束关系,运用随机采样一致性原理求解载体位姿变换信息,从而获得载体的导航信息。实验结果表明,通过单目序列图像获得的姿态角度变化精度优于0.1°,在180°旋转情况下的误差累加值小于1°。     

利用地平线与跑道边缘线估计无人机着陆参数

研究了一种基于机器视觉的无人机着陆参数计算方法,通过利用图像处理得到的地平线、跑道两条边缘线在图像像素坐标系下的直线方程,可以获得无人机着陆过程中的5个飞行参数:高度、侧偏距、滚转角、俯仰角、偏航角.介绍了视觉测量的一般理论;给出了飞行姿态角测量方法;提出了无人机高度和与机场跑道中线的距离的计算方法.利用实拍的一段无人机着陆视频验证了提出的方法,实验研究表明:该方法可以有效地获得5个飞行参数,为无人机自主着陆提供着陆参数.     

基于仿斑马鱼和仿鹰眼视觉的复杂背景下目标识别

针对反制无人机识别系统在公共场所内部复杂背景下的无人机识别问题,该文研究了一种基于仿斑马鱼模板匹配视觉识别和仿鹰眼视觉注意的目标识别方法,通过建立不同姿态的无人机模板数据库,采用仿鹰眼视觉搜索机制,结合尺度不变特征变换,将姿态模板图像与目标进行匹配,获得粗略的目标区域。然后计算模板姿态与目标姿态的Hausdorff距离,比较目标姿态相似性,获得最相似姿态。采用仿鹰眼视觉注意机制对遮挡图像进行处理,提高目标识别的显著性。实验结果表明,该方法能够在不同复杂背景下实现无人机的准确识别,与光谱残差的显著性目标识别方法相比,平均运行时间提高23.5%,与差异哈希算法相比,具有更高的结构相似性指数。     

基于视频图像的飞行姿态检测方法研究

利用流场实验平台对仿生实验的风洞环境进行模拟,以航模飞机为检测对象,给出了一种基于双摄像机的视频图像飞行姿态检测方法。利用颜色特征分别提取两路视频图像中的飞行航模目标,采用提取直线的方法获得航模目标中的直线参数,通过直线参数的变化分别解算飞行的横滚角和俯仰角姿态。与AHRS航姿参考系统MIN—IVA900的数据进行对比表明：该方法检测结果的最大偏差小于1°,取得了飞行姿态检测结果的一致性。     

针对无人机图像特殊性的图像融合技术

为提高无人机图像拼接效果,降低机身抖动和环境色差对图像融合的影响,提出了一种基于透视变换的改进图像拼接融合算法,该算法针对无人机采集图像的特殊性,利用直方图规定化和直方图均衡化对图像进行预处理,由surf算法提取特征点信息并构建变换矩阵,再使用三种融合方法融合拼接图像。对比了透视变换与传统仿射变换,改进的加权平均融合法与传统融合方法,通过对多组样本进行测试和评价,证明该模型有效解决了无人机图像拼接色差、错位和畸变的问题,提升了拼接和融合的视觉效果。     

基于STM32的多传感器四旋翼姿态控制系统设计

针对四旋翼无人机姿态传感器易受干扰,导致姿态输出误差大的问题,设计了一种基于STM32的多传感器四旋翼姿态控制系统。系统使用MPU6050等传感器实时采集四旋翼姿态数据,通过四元数互补滤波算法进行姿态解算,利用串级PID控制,以PWM方式驱动电机。在设计控制系统的软硬件基础上,完成了四旋翼的实物制作与飞行测试。结果表明:该系统能够灵活地控制四旋翼无人机的姿态,实现四旋翼无人机稳定飞行。     

基于粒子滤波的无人机自主轨迹视觉导航控制方法研究

针对现有无人机导航控制方法存在的控制效果不佳的问题,本文提出一种基于粒子滤波的无人机自主轨迹视觉导航控制方法研究。利用粒子滤波算法,实现对无人机自主轨迹视觉导航控制方法的优化设计。采用栅格法构建无人机飞行环境地图,根据无人机的机械组成结构和工作原理,构建运动状态模型。利用内置的摄像机设备采集视觉图像,执行图像灰度转换、几何校正、滤波等预处理步骤。通过对视觉图像的特征提取,判断当前环境是否存在障碍物。利用粒子滤波算法确定无人机位姿,结合障碍物识别结果规划无人机的自主飞行轨迹。将位置、速度和姿态角的控制量计算结果,输入到安装的导航控制器中,完成无人机的自主轨迹视觉导航控制任务。通过实测分析得出结论：应用设计的导航控制方法,其位置误差、速度误差以及姿态角误差均维持在预设值以下,即设计的导航控制方法具有良好的控制效果。     

四旋翼无人机控制系统设计

目前无人机已广泛应用到各行各业,其中无人机的稳定控制一直是研究的核心。在飞控系统中各参数的选择对无人机的稳定控制有着至关重要的作用。以STM32微控制器为核心,利用MPU9250采集四旋翼无人机的姿态数据,配合卡尔曼滤波算法对传感器所采集的数据进行融合滤波,从而实现精准的姿态测量。根据飞行姿态结合PID控制算法,完成对四旋翼无人机飞行姿态的控制。     

融合小波变换与KPCA的分块人脸特征抽取与识别算法

鉴于小波多尺度变换对高维图像特征具有良好的压缩和表达能力,提出了一种融合小波变换与KPCA(核主成分分析)方法的分块人脸特征抽取与识别算法。该算法首先对人脸图像进行分块小波变换,再根据图像块的位置分布选取不同的频率分量;然后对此分量进行KPCA特征抽取,并通过对抽取到的特征进行融合来得到最终人脸鉴别特征;最后利用支持向量机分类器进行特征分类与识别。通过对ORL和Yale标准人脸图像库的实验仿真结果表明,该算法不仅在识别性能和分类速度上明显高于传统的PCA方法及融合小波特征的KPCA方法,而且对于人脸光照、姿态和表情变化均具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于SURF特征的航空序列图像位置估计算法

视觉传感器在航空无人机导航和定位任务中应用越来越广泛。针对无人机位置参数估计问题,提出了一种基于SURF特征的图像配准算法,该算法能够适应航空序列图像的旋转、尺度变换及噪声干扰,实现无人机位置的精确估计。构建了SURF尺度空间,运用快速Hessian矩阵定位极值点,计算出航空图像的64维SURF特征描述子;基于Hessian矩阵迹完成特征点匹配;使用RANSAC算法剔除出格点,实现位置参数的精确估计。通过航空图像序列实测数据位置估计实验,验证了该算法的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.