高钛铁水转炉少渣冶炼技术研究实践

渣料消耗是转炉炼钢的关键经济技术指标之一,其值高低代表炼钢技术水平,与满足脱磷、护炉要求相矛盾。某钢厂受高炉矿原料配比影响,铁水钛、磷含量较高,为保脱磷、护炉满足要求,渣料消耗较高。为此,基于高钛铁水性质及其转炉成渣特征,优化转炉供氧制度、造渣制度,以“镁固钛”为技术核心,控制炉渣高TiO₂含量对脱磷、护炉的影响,提高渣料利用率。通过上述工艺的持续优化,形成了高钛铁水转炉少渣冶炼技术,渣料消耗由55.67 kg/t降低至45.86 kg/t,取得了较好的经济效益,为高效化炼钢技术发展奠定了基础。     

铁水成分对转炉吹损的影响

对铁水条件分析,铁水中碳、硅元素对转炉炼钢吹损的影响,通过改变铁水条件,优化工艺降低转炉炼钢吹损,降低钢铁料消耗。     

降低转炉石灰消耗生产实践

对安钢第二炼钢厂转炉石灰消耗高的原因及对生产的影响进行了分析.通过铁水分兑、控制废钢搭配比例、改善渣料结构,优化工艺技术等措施,降低了转炉石灰消耗,实现了转炉造渣低成本运行.     

优化转炉炼钢炉料结构的几点思考

通过对转炉炉料冶金作用的分析,运用炼钢学原理,提出转炉炼钢各种金属炉料的最佳配比方案,其中包括降低铁水比例、优化废钢结构、提高污泥球团和烧结矿用量、限制白云石消耗等措施,使转炉金属料结构、散料结构和相关工艺制度得以优化,相关能耗指标也明显改善。为降低炉料成本、提高炼钢生产的经济效益提供理论依据。     

天铁热轧降低钢铁料消耗的生产实践

为降低天铁热轧钢铁料消耗,通过优化铁水脱硫操作、降低转炉喷溅率、提高转炉终点命中率以及对连铸钢包注余进行回收等措施,使天铁热轧的钢铁料消耗从1 070 kg/t降低到1 063 kg/t,创造了显著的经济效益。     

转炉半钢炼钢提高废钢比的工艺研究与应用

半钢炼钢条件下,以转炉炼钢物料平衡和热平衡为理论依据,制定出以焦丁为辅助热源的钢铁料新配比。通过试验证明,使用焦丁作为补热剂,在半钢条件稳定的前提下,1 t焦丁代替废钢4.93 t,并可降低石灰消耗2.06 kg/t,在保证终点技术指标得同时,废钢比(质量分数)由7.05%提高至13.54%,铁水消耗降低了40 kg/t,实现了降低钢铁料成本的目的。     

120吨转炉低铁耗冶炼生产实践

本文以转炉炼钢热平衡为理论依据,通过提高铁水物理热的利用率,采用废钢槽改造、铁水罐内加废钢等方法,降低铁水消耗。实践表明,采用低铁耗炼钢后,120吨转炉铁水消耗从850kg/t下降至830kg/t,转炉操作稳定、冶炼顺行,成功地降低了铁水消耗。     

湘钢二炼钢厂降低铁水消耗生产实践

介绍了转炉炼钢厂在降低铁水消耗的生产实践中采取的一些工艺技术与管理措施，论述了降低铁水消耗与钢铁料消耗的关系及影响程度。     

降低钢铁料消耗的生产实践

通过对济钢210转炉区域钢铁料消耗的分析和实践,采用炉底渣和精炼渣的回收技术,降低了钢铁料消耗和铁水脱硫剂的消耗,取得了巨大的经济效益和社会效益。     

转炉采取石灰石替代部分石灰造渣的应用

为进一步改善转炉经济技术指标、降低冶炼成本,分析了铁水消耗较为富裕的情况下,转炉冶炼过程采用石灰石替代部分石灰造渣的可行性。对比了不同造渣工艺冶炼Q235B钢的主要参数,分析了渣料对钢铁料成本的影响,并提出了主要控制措施。通过工艺优化及技术改进等方式,在保证脱磷效果的基础上,转炉造渣料消耗、成本等指标得到了明显改善。     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.     

Intralesional and topical chemotherapy and immunotherapy

This article covers the principles and applications of radiation therapy in horses. The goal in treating tumors by irradiation is tumor control with minimum treatment complications. Various treatment techniques are available to achieve this goal. The prognosis depends on many factors such as the extent and location of the tumor, tumor type and tumor cell proliferation. Radiation therapy is a very effective treatment modality for equine tumors but logistical reasons limit its impact in equine oncology.