Growth Mechanism and Characterization of ZnO 3D Nanocrystals by Laser Irradiation ＆ Coaxially Transporting O2

Different three-dimension （3D） nanotetrapods, containing club-like nanocrystals, nanotetrapods and four-foot-like nanocrystals were synthesized from Zinc sheet via CO2 laser irradiation and coaxially transporting O2. Different nanoproducts were fabricated by changing the content of oxygen in the experiment. The morphologies, components, phase structures and optical properties of the products were investigated by a field-emission scanning electron microscopy, an X-ray diffraction, an energy dispersed X-ray spectrometer and a photoluminescence spectroscope. The X-ray diffraction spectra were obtained on a Rigaku D/max 2500PC diffractometer. The experimental results reveal that high quality ZnO nanotetrapods can be fabricated on the special parameters, and growth of ZnO nanotetrapods depends on Vapour-Liquid-Solid（VLS） model, and the content of oxygen in the gas, namely, oxygen partial pressure is one of main factors to control morphologies and optical properties ofZnO nanotetrapods; these advantages above are important for realization of optoelectronic devices.     

A facile synthesis of Ag Modified ZnO nanocrystals with enhanced photocatalytic activity

Ag modified ZnO (Ag/ZnO) nanocrystals were prepared by a facile and low temperature wet chemical method. The phase structures, morphologies, and optical properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the Brumauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectra, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of Ag/ZnO with diffent Ag contents was measured with the degradation of methyl orange (MO) at room temperature under UV light irradiation. The experimental results indicated that the well-crystalline ZnO nanopaticles with a size of ca. 4.5 nm exhibited a high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MO with the apparent rate constant (k) of 1.57 ×10-2 min-1, and the photocatalytic activities of ZnO were further enhanced by modification with silver. When the Ag loading was 3mol%, Ag/ZnO showed the highest photocatalytic acitivity with a k value of 5.452×10-2 min-1, which is 3.5 and 2.5 time more than that of ZnO and commercial P25, respectively.     

Fe掺杂对ZnO薄膜的微结构与光学性质的影响

采用溶胶一凝胶法在石英玻璃衬底上制备了Fe掺杂的ZnO薄膜,研究了不同的Fe掺杂浓度对ZnO薄膜的微结构与光学性质的影响.利用x射线衍射分析了薄膜样品的晶向和晶相.利用原子力显微镜观测了薄膜样品的表面形貌,利用双光束紫外-可见分光光度计分析了znO薄膜样品的光学性质.实验结果表明:所有ZnO薄膜样品都是六角纤锌矿结构,ZnO晶粒沿c轴择优生长.质量分数为1%fe掺入之后,ZnO薄膜的C轴择优取向进一步增强,薄膜的晶化质量也得到进一步提高.当Fe的掺杂浓度高于1%时,ZnO薄膜(002)衍射峰的强度又降低了,这可能是由于Fe2+(x=2或3)和zn2+具有不同的离子半径,大量的Fe2+进入晶格取代Zn2+导致晶格严重畸变,从而影响了znO晶粒的正常生长.所制备的ZnO薄膜在可见光区都具有高的透射丰,由吸收边估算出来的ZnO薄膜的光学带隙表明:随着Fe的掺杂浓度的提高,光学带隙逐渐展宽.     

室温铁磁性蒲公英状氧化锌的制备及生长机理研究

以锌粉、醋酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料,采用水热法制备出了具有结构性缺陷的蒲公英状ZnO。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、荧光光谱仪和超导量子干涉仪对产物的结构形貌和光学性能及磁学性能进行了表征,并对其生长机理进行了探讨。研究表明,蒲公英状氧化锌为六方纤锌矿结构,由许多顶端为锥尖形的棒自组装而成;其荧光本征发射峰在388nm处,属于激子跃迁发射。在波长450～492nm处所观察到的3个弱蓝光峰是由锌填隙原子中的电子到价带顶的跃迁所致;在波长492～580nm范围内出现的较为宽泛的绿光发射峰根源于电子从导带底到氧错位缺陷能级间的跃迁。蒲公英状ZnO中存在的结构性缺陷使得原本呈现抗磁性的ZnO具有了室温铁磁性,从而可作为一种稀磁半导体应用到自旋电子学领域中。     

Preparation and properties of ZnO nano-whiskers

By a novel controlled combustion synthesis method, a large amount of ZnO nano-whiskers with different morphologies like nanotetrapods, long-leg nanotetrapod and multipods, were prepared without any catalysts and additives in open air at high temperature. Their morphologies, structures and optical properties were investigated by using SEM, XRD and PL spectrum. The possible growth mechanisms on the ZnO nano-whiskers were proposed in this paper. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50572010, 50742007 and 10672020), National Defense Founds of China (Grant Nos. 51420205BQ0154 and A2220061080), “863” Project of China (Grant No. 2007AA03Z103), and the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of BIT (Grant No. AA200802)     

氧化锌纳米棒的低温水溶液化学制备研究

运用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了低温水溶液化学制备ZnO样品的结构、形貌,结果表明,生长时间、衬底材料、生长液浓度、生长温度等条件对ZnO形貌和结构有重要影响,合适的生长条件可以实现对ZnO纳米材料的可控生长.     

Adsorption behaviors of gas molecules on the surface of ZnO nanocrystals under UV irradiation

A UV-activated room temperature chemiresistive gas sensor based on ZnO nanocrystals film was fabricated. Its gas sensing properties under various conditions were also investigated in detail. The results shed new insight into the adsorption behaviors of gas molecules on the surface of Zn O nanocrystals under UV irradiation. The chemisorbed oxygen species(O_2~-(ads)(hv)) induced by UV light govern the adsorption and desorption ways of other gas molecules on the surface of ZnO nanocrystals, which is dependent on the electron affinity of gas molecules. Gas molecules with higher electron affinity than oxygen molecules can be adsorbed on the surface by the competitive adsorption way, extracting electrons from the surface. Gas molecules with lower electron affinity than oxygen molecules are attracted by the adsorbed O_2~-(ads)(hv)layer, releasing electrons to the surface. These processes can influence the gas sensing properties of the sensor. Our findings will pave the way for the fundamental understanding and design of UV-activated gas sensor in the future.     

Structure, optical, and magnetic properties of Mn-doped ZnO films prepared by sputtering

The microstructural,optical,and magnetic properties and room-temperature photoluminescence(PL) of Mn-doped ZnO thin films were studied.The chemical compositions were examined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) and the charge state of Mn ions in the ZnO:Mn films was characterized by X-ray photoelectronic spectrometry(XPS).From the X-ray diffraction(XRD) data of the samples,it can be found that Mn doping does not change the orientation of ZnO thin films.All the films prepared have a wurtzite stru...     

Preparation and Characterization of Multi Shape ZnO/PVDF Composite Materials

Two different morphologies of ZnO(lotus-shaped, rod-shaped) and ZnO/PVDF composite materials were prepared. The morphologies of ZnO and composite materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), thermal gravimetry(TG), and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were also used to characterize the chemical structures and phase composites of ZnO and ZnO/PVDF composite materials. Breakdown voltage, dielectric constant and dielectric loss of ZnO/PVDF composite materials were also tested. Microstructure analysis showed that ZnO nanoparticles dispersed uniformly in the matrix. And the dielectric constant expresses a significantly improvement while the dielectric loss and breakdown voltage expresses no significant change. Moreover, dielectric constant keeps an improvement tendency with increasing content of ZnO.     

Surfactant-assisted synthesis and magnetic properties of monodispersed manganese ferrite nanocrystals

Monodispersed manganese ferrite (MnFe₂O₄) nanocrystals could be successfully synthesized in large quantities via a facile synthetic technique based on the pyrolysis of organometallic compound precursor, in which octadecene was used as solvent, and oleic acid and oleylamine were used as capping ligands. MnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals were obtained with size in a tunable range of 4–15 nm and their morphologies could be tuned from spherical to triangle-shaped by varying the surfactants. The phase structure, morphology, and size of the products were characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Magnetic properties of MnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals with different morphologies were measured using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Both monodisperse MnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals with spherical and triangle-shapes are superparamagnetic at room temperature while ferromagnetic at 2 K. The pyrolysis method may provide an effective route to synthesize other spinel ferrites or metal oxides nanocrystals.     

Fabrication of GaN films through reactive reconstruction of magnetron sputtered ZnO/Ga_2O_3

1　INTRODUCTIONGallium nitride (GaN) is one of the most po tential semiconductors. GaN has a direct energyband gap of 3.4 eV at room temperature and highexternal photoluminescence quantum efficiency, aswell as a high excitonic binding energy of20 meV[1]. It is an ideal material for fabrication ofultraviolet(UV)/blue/green light emitting diodes(LEDs), laser diodes(LDs), UV detectors and de vices operating in high temperature, high frequen cy and high power co…     

生长温度和源氛浓度对ZnO晶体生长影响的机理分析

利用原子层沉积（ALD）方法在Si（100）片上沉积200nm的ZnO薄层作为籽晶层,通过化学气相沉积（CVD）法常压下在籽晶层上生长ZnO晶体结构。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、场发射电子扫描显微镜（FESEM）和光致发光光谱（PL）手段对其结构形貌及光学性质进行表征,结合晶体生长机理讨论和分析影响ZnO微纳结构生长的因素。结果表明,反应源气氛浓度是影响ZnO形貌的重要因素。     

Fabrication of GaN films through reactive reconstruction of magnetron sputtered ZnO／Ga2O3

A simple and easily operated technique was developed to fabricate GaN films. GaN films possessing hexagonal wurtzite structure were fabricated on Si(111) substrates with ZnO buffer layers through nitriding Ga2O3 films in the tube quartz furnace. ZnO buffer layers and Ga3O3 films were deposited on Si substrates in turn by using radio frequncy magnetron sputtering system before the nitriding process. The structure and composition of GaN films were studied by X-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. The morphologies of GaN films were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that ZnO buffer layer improves the crystalline quality and the surface morphology of the films relative to the films grown directly on silicon substrates. The measurement result of room-temperature photoluminescence spectrum indicates that the photoluminescence peaks locate at 365 nm and 422 nm.     

Investigations of ZnO thin films deposited by a reactive pulsed laser ablation

Highly transparent ZnO thin films were deposited at different substrate temperatures by pulsed laser deposition in an oxygen atmosphere. The thin films were characterized by various techniques including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption, and photoluminescence. We demonstrated that oriented wurtzite ZnO thin films could be deposited at room temperature using a high purity zinc target. Variable temperature photoluminescence revealed new characteristics in the band edge emission. The underlying mechanism for the observed phenomena was also discussed.     

Low temperature doping of ZnO nanostructures

Doping of ZnO nanostructures was investigated by using a low temperature electrochemical process. Various dopant materials have been studied, including transition metals, group I, and group VII elements. The structure, composition, and optical properties of the doped ZnO nanostructures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and x-ray diffraction. It was demonstrated that dopant elements were incorporated into the ZnO structures. The effects of dopant incorporation on the structure and properties of ZnO were also investigated. This low temperature approach is compatible with current micro-fabrication techniques and promising for large-scale production of doped ZnO nanostructures for optical and electronic applications.     

纳米氧化锌的制备与光学性能表征

用水热法以十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为添加剂制备了氧化锌纳米晶,并通过X 射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、红外光谱(IR)、紫外 可见吸收光谱(UV)以及光致发光光谱(PL)等测试手段对所得产物形貌和光学性能进行了研究.TEM结果表明,所得产物为六角纤锌矿型氧化锌,直径约4 0～6 0nm ,分散性良好.PL光谱表明所制备的氧化锌样品在4 0 5nm处有一紫光发射峰,在约6 0 4nm处有一红光发射峰.我们认为4 0 5nm紫光发射是由锌空位引起的,红光的发射则是由氧填隙引起的     

Controlling growth of ZnO nanostructures via a solution route

A solution method was developed for fabricating ZnO nanostructures using (NH₄)₂CO₃ as starting material. SEM analysis shows that ZnO nanostructures exhibit nanorod, branch and flower-like morphologies. The crystal phase of as-synthesized products was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The growth process, formation mechanism and optical property were also discussed by means of transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The growth direction of ZnO nanostructures was investigated based on the results of HRTEM. The PL spectrum shows two strong peaks (centered at around ∼387 and ∼470 nm) and a broad peak (centered at around ∼580 nm). Funded by the Ministry of Education of China (PCSIRT0644)     

ZnO纳米薄膜在竹材表面的生长及防护性能

在低温溶液反应体系下,通过晶种形成和晶体生长两步法在竹材表面培育ZnO纳米结构薄膜,应用场发射环境扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和X射线能谱仪(EDAX)对薄膜形态和结构进行表征,重点研究种子液浸渍时间对纳米薄膜形态及竹材防霉和抗光变色性能的影响.研究结果表明,在生长时间一定的前提下,竹材在种子液中经过0.5 h、1 h和2 h的浸渍,其表面可形成壁厚为50～80 nm的网状结构薄膜,使竹材的防霉性能和光稳定性得到显著改良;当种子液浸渍时间增加到4 h,网状结构薄膜则被大量直径约700 nm的ZnO圆片所覆盖,虽然此时竹材的防光变色性能保持不变,但防霉性能下降,表明纳米网状结构对于充分发挥ZnO防护性能起到重要作用.     

Effect of SiO_2 addition on the microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-based varistors

The microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-based varistors with the SiO 2 content in the range of 0-1.00mol% were prepared by a solid reaction route.The varistors were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry,inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results indicate that the average grain size of ZnO decreases with the SiO 2 content increasing.A new second phase (Zn 2 SiO 4) and a gla...     

ZnO/PVP纳米复合膜的光学特性

采用高分子网络原位合成法制备了ZnO/PVP纳米复合膜.并且通过多种测试手段对ZnO/PVP纳米复合膜的光学特性进行了分析.通过XRD,TEM的测试结果可知,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为模板,原位合成ZnO纳米粒子,具有六角纤锌矿结构;分散性好,粒径分布窄等特点;从光致发光谱中可以看出由于PVP的引入,使得ZnO纳米粒...