一种基于注入信号的自适应天线阵元通道不平衡校正方法

天线阵列阵元通道幅相不平衡对自适应天线的性能有很大的影响。论文改进了基于注入信号的自适应天线阵元通道不平衡校正方法^[1]，并对校正中的实际问题和校正性能进行了分析。该方法采用自适应滤波器校正通道，把校正和实际通信分开。仿真结果表明，该方法能够有效校正自适应阵各通道不平衡。     

二维综合孔径辐射计阵元位置误差分析与校正

在二维Y型天线阵组成的综合孔径辐射计系统,阵元存在位置误差引起接收信号相位误差,从而导致反演图像的图像质量下降。为了校正位置误差带来的图像误差,本文在天线阵元存在位置误差的情况下,对反演图像质量的影响进行定量分析。6个辅助源中3个位于方位角为0°,估计阵元的x坐标;3个位于方位角为90°,估计阵元的y坐标。在得到较精确的阵元位置估计基础上,对存在误差的反演图像进行图像校正。     

天线阵元通道失配校正的FPGA实现

基于FPGA的阵元通道校正是自适应天线技术用于实践的重要基础。给出了一种天线阵元通道失配校正方法的FPGA实现方案。仿真结果表明,该实现方案能够有效校正阵元通道失配,现已成功应用于实际的自适应阵系统。     

基于子空间的天线阵通道不一致有源校正法

本文基于子空间基本原理,研究了一种天线阵通道增益和相位不一致的校正方法.该方法的优点在于不受天线阵排列方式的限制、适用于相干信号源的测向以及校正时允许天线阵同时接收校正信号和待测信号.文中最后给出的计算机模拟结果证明了这种方法的有效性.     

基于遗传算法的MIMO阵列位置误差自校正方法

天线阵元的位置误差会影响天线阵元所接收到信号的相位。基于特征值分解的高分辨率波达方向(DOA)估计算法对信号的相位误差非常敏感。针对多输入多输出(MIMO)阵列,本文基于遗传算法,利用自校正思想,构造一个对不同方向空间谱值进行加权求和的自适应权函数,结合MUSIC方法,构建个体适应度函数,实现了MIMO阵列阵元位置误差与DOA的联合在线估计。仿真结果表明该方法进行DOA估计的同时,还可以完成阵列位置误差的在线估计与校正,提高了系统参数估计的鲁棒性。     

共形天线阵元位置误差校正的辅助阵元法

共形天线的安装和测量以及载体平台表面的变形和振动均会引起阵元位置误差,严重影响 共形天线的测向性能。通过设置４个方位未知的精确校正的辅助阵元,实现了共形天线大尺度三维 的阵元位置误差校正。给出了阵元位置误差条件下共形天线导向矢量的方位依赖的幅相误差等效 表示模型;基于子空间原理得到等效的方位依赖的幅相误差估计,进而得到共形天线阵元的三维位 置误差估计。该方法可以实现共形天线校正信源来波方位和阵元三维位置误差的联合但“去耦”估 计。计算机仿真结果验证了共形天线阵元位置误差校正的辅助阵元法的有效性     

一台高频表面波雷达样机接收天线阵的校准

探讨了在一台高频表面波雷达样朵上的接收天线阵的交准方法。这是一个均匀的、线性的天线阵,由十个单级子组成,架设在面向大西洋的一处峭壁上。该校准方法利用矩阵补偿各阵元不同的增益与相位响应、阵元间的互耦、不完善的地网和峭壁上的信号衍射。在给出的结果中可以看出该方法（ａ）,减少阵元增益和相位校正误差;（ｂ）减少单和双目标方向估值（由高分辨率侧向法获得）误差;（ｃ）当双目标角度分隔降为零时,提高了高分辨率测     

窄波束全向接收的自适应天线阵研究

为了实现对短波频段全空域低信噪比信号的良好接收，本文提出了一种窄波束全向接收的知适应天线阵。文中首先简要回顾了自适应天线阵的基本理论，并针地短波波段频程较宽的特点，提出了一种接收信号频率决定阵元间距的阵元间距动态可变组阵方案，文末通过计算机仿真比较了该方案实现的窄波束全向接收自适应天线阵和常规短波天线阵的性能。     

基于模拟退火算法校正天线阵列位置误差

天线阵元的位置误差会影响阵列所接收到的信号相位。基于特征值分解的DOA估计算法对信号的相位误差非常敏感,因此有必要对阵元位置误差进行校正。文中提出一种基于模拟退火算法的校正方法对阵元位置误差进行校正,其优点是所需的辅助信号源数目较少,算法稳健性较好,并且适用于任意形式的天线阵。计算机模拟结果表明该方法是有效的。     

改进的GPS抗干扰自适应天线阵性能研究

文章提出了一种用于GPS接收机的新型抗干扰自适应天线阵,并给出了对其方向图和输出信干噪比的仿真过程.比较了在相同的信号环境时,该天线阵与常用的均匀直线阵、等间隔圆形阵的性能.结果表明,使用该自适应阵可以改善天线阵的方向图,提高输出信号干扰噪声比SINR,增强接收机的抗干扰能力.     

Digital based calibration technique for continuous-time bandpass sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters

In this paper, a calibration technique for Noise Transfer Function (NTF) optimization of Continuous-Time Bandpass Sigma Delta (CT BP ΣΔ) modulators is presented. The proposed technique employs a test tone applied at the input of the quantizer to evaluate the noise transfer function of the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) using the capabilities of the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) platform usually available in mixed-mode systems. Once the ADC output bit stream is captured, necessary information to generate the control signals to tune the ADC parameters for best Signal-to-Quantization Noise Ratio (SQNR) performance is extracted via an LMS software-based algorithm. Simulation results show that notch frequency of the NTF due to process variations and temperature tolerances can be tuned using the proposed methodology. The proposed global calibration approach can be used during the system start-up and the idle system time. The proposed approach uses a single in-band calibration tone, but it can be expanded using out-of band test tones for background calibration schemes.     

晶圆探针测试系统校准

阐述了消除探针测试系统误差的方法,通过分析校准原理和计算校准模型,提出了把已知的校准位放在校准基片上,通过修改网络分析仪(VNA)的校准位和信号接收端口,利用探针台的移动和探针与校准位的接触提取和反馈信号,修正系统误差。     

基于PARAFAC与阵列旋转的阵列标校方法

该文研究直接序列扩频通信系统天线阵列标校问题。提出了一种基于PARAFAC与阵列旋转的阵列标校方法。该方法利用直接序列扩频通信信号特点以及平行因子的分析方法对阵列通道参数进行估计,并结合天线阵列的旋转技术得到一种阵列有源标校方法。该方法无需知道标校源信号的波达角,就可对阵列进行标校,给实际应用带来方便。仿真结果表明该方法可行、有效。     

Integrated Smart Sensor Calibration

In many applications electronic sensors are used toimprove performance and reliability of measurement systems. Suchsensors should provide a correct transfer from the physical signalto be measured to the electrical output signal. One importantstep to achieve this, is to calibrate each sensor by applyingdifferent reference input signals and adjusting the sensor transferaccordingly. Besides expensive reference equipment the calibrationprocess takes much time and attention per individual sensor,which means a considerable increase in sensor production costs.By including at the sensor or sensor interface chip a programmablecalibration facility the calibration of such smart sensors caneasily be automated and can be executed for a batch of sensorsat a time, thus minimizing the calibration time and costs. Thispaper presents a calibration method and options for integrationin the smart sensor concept, in hardware as well as in software.An advantage of the proposed method is that it does not needa large matrix of calibration data, which needs to be storedin a look-up table or converted into a correction formula, butinstead it uses a step-by-step approach to correct the sensortransfer at each calibration measurement until the error is sufficientlysmall.     

A `free' 3-dB cross-polarized SAR data

It is proposed that by merging the complex signals available from both of the cross-polarized receive channels of a time-multiplexed coherent polarimetric radar, an effective doubling of the signal-to-noise ratio in the cross-polarized component can be realized with no increase in transmitter power, as compared to the more conventional method of using only one channel. A spectral analysis of the merged sequence is presented showing advantages unique to this approach with applications in reflectivity measurement and channel phase calibration     

Application of orthogonal codes to the calibration of active phasedarray antennas for communication satellites

This work describes two algorithms designed for remote calibration of an N_c-element active phased-array antenna. These algorithms involve transmission of N⩾N_c time multiplexed orthogonal encoded signals. The received signals are coherently detected, accumulated in vector forms, and decoded with the inverse of the orthogonal encoding matrix. The unitary transform encoding (UTE) algorithm is most suited for digital beamforming as it requires additional encoding hardware for an analog implementation. The control circuit encoding (CCE) algorithm is ideally suited for analog beamformers as it requires no additional encoding hardware. The CCE method encodes phased-array elemental signals using a Hadamard matrix to control the switching of intrinsic phase shifter delay circuits. The UTE and CCE algorithms can reduce the average measurement integration times for the complete set of calibration parameters by ~N_c relative to the corresponding values for single-element calibration procedures. This is significant for satellite systems as calibration must be performed in a short enough time window that the process can be treated as being stationary. Proofs are given that the orthogonal codes satisfy the mathematical lower bounds for the asymptotic forms of calibration parameter estimation variances     

一种子空间投影的高分辨宽测绘带SAR成像通道均衡方法

结合数字波束形成技术,多通道SAR可以有效克服天线最小面积的限制,从而实现高分辨率宽测绘带的合成孔径成像。然而通道之间的幅相误差以及基线误差等因素严重影响数字波束形成解模糊操作。该文提出了一种针对高分辨宽测绘带(HRWS)的多通道SAR通道间误差校正方法。该方法考虑了通道误差的多普勒空变性,利用信号子空间和噪声空间的正交性实现对包括基线误差,阵元误差等综合通道间幅相误差的快速优化估计。实测数据验证了方法的有效性。     

Calibration of millimeter-wave polarimeters using a thin dielectricsheet

We present the theory and application of a novel calibration system for millimeter and microwave polarimeters. The technique is a simple extension of the conventional wire-grid approach, but employs a thin dielectric sheet rather than a grid. The primary advantage of this approach is to obtain a calibration signal that is only slightly polarized, which can be beneficial for certain applications such as astronomical radiometers that measure very low levels of polarization, or systems with a small dynamic range. We compare this approach with other calibration techniques and discuss its successful use in the calibration of the polarization observations of large angular regions experiment, designed to measure polarization in cosmic microwave background radiation     

Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy With Wavelength Modulation: A Phasor Decomposition Method for Calibration-Free Measurements of Gas Concentration and Pressure

The principles and implementation of a phasor decomposition method for analyzing signals in tunable diode laser spectroscopy with wavelength modulation are described. This new technique enables recovery of the isolated and normalized residual amplitude modulation (RAM) signal from measured first harmonic signals at any chosen fundamental modulation frequency. Like the previously reported RAM technique, this new approach is absolute, yielding gas absorption line shape functions, concentrations and pressures without the need for calibration, under certain defined operating conditions. It represents an advancement of the RAM technique in that it obviates the need to operate at a specific high frequency to achieve phase quadrature between the RAM and derivative signals: the signals may be recovered at their maximum levels at any frequency. Measurements of the 1650.96 nm and the 1666.2 nm rotation/vibration absorption line shape functions for 1% and 10% methane in nitrogen at various pressures are compared to theoretical predictions derived from HITRAN data. The excellent agreement confirms the validity of the new technique. Further measurements of concentration and pressure confirm the efficacy of the technique for determining concentration in industrial process environments where the pressure may be unknown and changing. With the above features this new method is particularly suited to stand alone instrumentation for on-line deployment in industrial processes where the calibration factors in the conventional approach would present significant difficulties.     

Array processing using joint diagonalization

A new approach to array processing (i.e., direction-finding, signal separation and reconstruction, and calibration) is considered. The main advantages of the advocated approach is that the multidimensional search associated with maximum likelihood-based estimators or the single-dimensional search associated with MUSIC-type methods are eliminated. While the proposed method is based on the Analytical Constant Modulus Algorithm that was recently proposed by Van der Veen and Paulraj, it is not limited to constant modulus signals or any other specific type of signals. The sensor array elements are assumed to have the same, up to a multiplicative constant, angle-dependent, unknown gain pattern. We show that under this assumption it is possible to estimate the array response matrix and then use the result for direction finding, if the nominal array manifold is known, at least approximately. It is also possible to use the estimated array response matrix in order to separate and reconstruct the signals, or calibrate the array shape or response. We provide performance analysis of the algorithm and compare the results with computer simulations. We also examine the sensitivity of algorithm to the model assumptions. The method can be applied in the presence of specular multipath (using spatial smoothing) but it is not suitable for signal separation in the presence of severe diffuse multipath.