基于圆曲线的摄像机自定标

本文给出了一种基于圆曲线的摄像机自定标的新方法.设计了一个含有三个两两不包含的圆(其中圆心和半径大小是未知的)的平面模板,让摄像机在三个以上的不同方位观察该模板,然后利用模板的图像来求解摄像机的内参数.文中,首先介绍了三维摄影空间中绝对二次曲线和圆环点的相关知识,接着推导出摄像机内参数的约束方程,最后又详细讨论了圆环点及其图像的求法.其中关键技术是通过求解像曲线的切线确定圆心图像的像素坐标,然后确定圆环点图像坐标来实现摄像机的定标模拟实验和真实图像实验也表明,本方法具有很好的鲁棒性.由于所用模板中的圆不需要精确定位,因此该模板易于制作.由于该技术对摄像机的运动没有限制,因此,它可以在一般的实验平台上实现.     

DLT模型在结构光测量方法中的应用

在计算机视觉领域,随着对测量精度的要求越来越高,摄像机定标技术非常重要.通过对DLT模型分析,提出一种新的定标技术,解决三维激光彩色信息获取系统中从单摄像机到双摄像机的结构光快速定标问题.     

一种基于平面消影点的摄像机定标方法

摄像机定标是计算机视觉中一个非常重要的问题.对CCD/INS复合末制导系统中摄像机定标问题进行了研究.文中介绍了一种基于平面消影点的摄像机定标方法.该方法从消影点的基本性质和方形平面模板的几何特征出发,推导并证明了正交消影点之间的约束关系式,从这个正交约束中可以解析地求出摄像机的有效焦距.消影点从3D-2D的对应点坐标中解算求得,相比于图像处理方法具有更好的抗干扰性.方法原理简单、实现方便,仿真实验和真实图像实验结果均验证了该方法的有效性.     

棋盘格模板角点的自动识别与定位

棋盘格模板角点的识别与定位是摄像机定标过程中的关键环节,而自动识别与定位则是实现定标过程自动化的前提条件。为了实现定标过程自动化,提出了一种有效的方法,即利用棋盘格模板图像内部角点的局部灰度特征和由栅格线构成的结构特征,实现了内部角点的自动识别与定位。实验结果表明,该方法是有效和实用的,其能明显地加快定标速度,缩短定标时间,从而为基于多幅棋盘格模板图像的摄像机定标过程自动化创造了条件。     

多摄像机定标恢复足球比赛场景

在足球运动中,分析比赛需要了解足球场与运动员以及足球之间的位置关系.DLT定标是一种常用的算法,通过改进这种摄像机定标算法,从有限的比赛图像中恢复部分摄像机参数,计算出足球运动员相对于足球场的坐标.实验由两幅静态的图像完成了摄像机定标,通过定标参数和图像对运动员的三维坐标进行了恢复,得到了运动员的三维棍图.     

基于平面模板的摄像机标定方法

给出了一种基于平面模板的摄像机标定的新算法.所用的标定模板由一个内嵌矩形的圆组成,通过模板图像在像平面上的投影计算圆环点,建立绝对二次曲线对摄像机内参数的约束方程,只需要摄像机在3个(或3个以上)不同方位摄取平面模板中的图像,即可线性求解摄像机的内参数.该方法原理简单,对摄像机运动没有约束,不涉及图像匹配,平面模板容易制作,无须知道物理度量,实验证明本方法可行,并有较好的鲁棒性.     

一种简单快速的相机标定新方法

本文提出了一种新的相机自标定方法,该方法要求摄像机在3个(或3个以上)不同方位摄取一个包含其内接正三角形的圆的新型标定模板的图像.首先,从模板图像中推导得到圆环点的像点坐标;然后通过得到的圆环点像点坐标,可线性求解摄像机内参数.与传统方法不同的是,该方法避免了复杂的椭圆拟合和直线拟合,降低了计算复杂度,提高了标定速度和...     

基于单平面模板的摄像机定标研究

提出了一种摄像机定标方法，只需要摄像机从不同方向拍摄平面模板的多幅图像，摄像机与平面模板间可以自由地移动，运动的参数无需已知。对于每个视点获得图像，提取图像上的网格角点；平面模板与图像间的网格角点对应关系，确定了单应性矩阵；对每幅图像，就可确定一个单应性矩阵，这样就能够进行摄像机定标。该算法先有一个线性解法，然后基于极大似然准则对线性结果进行非线性优化求精。该方法同时也考虑了镜头畸变的影响。实验结果表明该算法简单易用。     

一种新的图像圆环点坐标求解方法*

提出了一种求解等边三角形及其内切圆的图像圆环点坐标新方法.通过提取模板图像的角点,利用高等几何中的拉盖尔定理及其推论来计算其图像圆环点坐标,实验数据证实了该方法的有效性.利用该方法求得的坐标值可以用于摄像机的标定等领域.     

一种基于菱形的摄像机标定方法

给出了一种基于菱形作为平面模板的摄像机标定方法。通过计算圆环点,建立绝对二次曲线对摄像机内参数的约束方程,只需摄像机在三个不同方位摄取菱形模板的图像,即可线性求解摄像机内参数。通过仿真实验表明,该算法可行。     

Implicit and explicit camera calibration: theory and experiments

By implicit camera calibration, we mean the process of calibrating a camera without explicitly computing its physical parameters. Implicit calibration can be used for both three-dimensional (3-D) measurement and generation of image coordinates. In this paper, we present a new implicit model based on the generalized projective mappings between the image plane and two calibration planes. The back-projection and projection processes are modelled separately to ease the computation of distorted image coordinates from known world points. A set of constraints of perspectivity is derived to relate the transformation parameters of the two calibration planes. Under the assumption of the radial distortion model, we present a computationally efficient method for explicitly correcting the distortion of image coordinates in frame buffer without involving the computation of camera position and orientation. By combining with any linear calibration techniques, this method makes explicit the camera physical parameters. Extensive experimental comparison of our methods with the classic photogrammetric method and Tsai's (1986) method in the aspects of 3-D measurement (both absolute and relative errors), the prediction of image coordinates, and the effect of the number of calibration points, is made using real images from 15 different depth values     

Self-Calibration of Turntable Sequences from Silhouettes

This paper addresses the problem of recovering both the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of a camera from the silhouettes of an object in a turntable sequence. Previous silhouette-based approaches have exploited correspondences induced by epipolar tangents to estimate the image invariants under turntable motion and achieved a weak calibration of the cameras. It is known that the fundamental matrix relating any two views in a turntable sequence can be expressed explicitly in terms of the image invariants, the rotation angle, and a fixed scalar. It will be shown that the imaged circular points for the turntable plane can also be formulated in terms of the same image invariants and fixed scalar. This allows the imaged circular points to be recovered directly from the estimated image invariants, and provide constraints for the estimation of the imaged absolute conic. The camera calibration matrix can thus be recovered. A robust method for estimating the fixed scalar from image triplets is introduced, and a method for recovering the rotation angles using the estimated imaged circular points and epipoles is presented. Using the estimated camera intrinsics and extrinsics, a Euclidean reconstruction can be obtained. Experimental results on real data sequences are presented, which demonstrate the high precision achieved by the proposed method.     

A new easy camera calibration technique based on circular points

Inspired by Zhang's work on flexible calibration technique, a new easy technique for calibrating a camera based on circular points is proposed. The proposed technique only requires the camera to observe a newly designed planar calibration pattern (referred to as the model plane hereinafter) which includes a circle and a pencil of lines passing through the circle's center, at a few (at least three) different unknown orientations, then all the five intrinsic parameters can be determined linearly. The main advantage of our new technique is that it needs to know neither any metric measurement on the model plane, nor the correspondences between points on the model plane and image ones, hence the whole calibration process becomes extremely simple. The proposed technique is particularly useful for those people who are not familiar with computer vision. Experiments with simulated data as well as with real images show that our new technique is robust and accurate.     

Camera calibration using identical objects

This paper describes a method for camera calibration using identical products. In this paper, we postulate an imaginative rigid motion between any two identical products, and the imaginative rigid motion could offer a pair of circular points. As is known, three pairs of projections of the circular points are needed to result in the closed-form solution for calibration. In our method, we obtain three pairs of projections of the circular points from only two images of three identical products, or three images of two identical products. When only two identical products are utilized, our method is almost the dual of the stereo calibration from rigid motions. A direct approach is taken here instead of the two-step process in stereo calibration. Furthermore, a better projective reconstruction could be performed from the estimation of the camera parameters to avoid the dominant projective-to-affine error in the stereo calibration. Finally, we conduct a nonlinear refinement based on the maximum likelihood estimation. The experimental results from synthetic data and real data prove our method convenient and robust to noise.     

一种基于球场模型的广播足球视频摄像机自动定标方法

随着足球视频语义内容分析和理解、自动视频索引、虚拟增强现实表示等研究的不断深入,摄像机定标技术扮演了越来越重要的角色.基于此,提出了一种基于球场模型的广播足球视频摄像机自动定标算法,该算法建立在所定义的球场模型基础之上,首先通过改进的球场线探测算法得到球场平面的特征点,并求解摄像机同形 (Homography)矩阵,然后,利用所求解的同形矩阵来定位球门,得到球门平面的两个特征点,最后根据基于K均值聚类和Hough-like搜索的方法来得到最优的摄像机内外参数.初步的实验结果表明,依据本文算法所求解的摄像机参数最优值相比初始值精确度更高,并且其在连续帧中也更加稳定.     

A unified approach to the linear camera calibration problem

The camera calibration process relates camera system measurements (pixels) to known reference points in a three-dimensional world coordinate system. The calibration process is viewed as consisting of two independent phases: the first is removing geometrical camera distortion so that rectangular calibration grids are straightened in the image plane, and the second is using a linear affine transformation as a map between the rectified camera coordinates and the geometrically projected coordinates on the image plane of known reference points. Phase one is camera-dependent, and in some systems may be unnecessary. Phase two is concerned with a generic model that includes 12 extrinsic variables and up to five intrinsic parameters. General methods handling additional constraints on the intrinsic variables in a manner consistent with explicit satisfaction of all six constraints on the orthogonal rotation matrix are presented. The use of coplanar and noncoplanar calibration points is described     

基于投影仪和摄像机的结构光视觉标定方法

为实现基于投影仪和摄像机的结构光视觉系统连续扫描,需要计算投影仪投影的任意光平面与摄像机图像平面的空间位置关系,进而需要求取摄像机光心与投影仪光心之间的相对位置关系。求取摄像机的内参数,在标定板上选取四个角点作为特征点并利用摄像机内参数求取该四个特征点的外参数,从而知道四个特征点在摄像机坐标系中的坐标。利用投影仪自身参数求解特征点在投影仪坐标系中的坐标,从而计算出摄像机光心与投影仪光心之间的相对位置关系,实现结构光视觉标定。利用标定后的视觉系统,对标定板上的角点距离进行测量,最大相对误差为0.277%,表明该标定算法可以应用于基于投影仪和摄像机的结构光视觉系统。     

线阵相机的圆环旋转标定方法

由于传统线阵相机的标定过程复杂,且对标定物精度要求较高,难以保证缺陷的定位精度,本文提出一种线阵相机的圆环旋转标定方法以提高缺陷的定位精度。该方法设计一种新型的圆环形标定板,在静态标定基础上通过旋转线阵相机采集相机视线与圆的交点的坐标,得到旋转角度以及多组标定点,建立线阵相机的成像模型和径向畸变模型,通过非线性优化整体误差函数求解相机的内参和畸变参数,同时分析相机不同旋转角度对标定精度的影响。实验结果表明,当θ≤20°时,该方法的标定精度在0.35 pixel以内,满足实际检测的定位要求,并且在PCB缺陷检测中得到较好的验证。     

一种基于MATLAB的摄象机标定方法的实现

使用MATLAB实现了一种简便的摄象机参数的标定方法。先由四个标定点的坐标计算出透视投影矩阵，从而计算出标定模板上其它节点的图象坐标，之后进行内部参数和外部参数的计算。此方法具有易于实施、速度较快、精度较高等特点，是一种简便实用的方法。