超级电容提高直驱永磁风力发电系统故障穿越能力的协调控制策略

为避免电网故障时风电机组脱网运行,针对电网不同故障类型,对直驱永磁同步风力发电系统的故障穿越进行研究,利用超级电容和Buck-Boost电路,以提高风力发电系统控制灵活性。文章研究永磁风电系统的双PWM变换器中的网侧变换器和超级电容储能的双向Buck-Boost变换器的协调控制策略,协调控制策略根据电网状况切换于电网故障和电网正常两种模式,并在Matlab/Simulink环境中进行仿真研究,结果表明采用超级电容可以提高D-PMSG WTGS的故障穿越能力,验证了所论协调控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

非隔离储能型三端口开关升压变换器在光伏系统中应用的研究

提出一种非隔离型三端口开关升压变换器并将其应用到光伏发电系统中.该拓扑综合开关升压网络特性,通过控制3个自由度使端口间具有升压、降压、升降压特性,具有结构简单、体积较小和成本较低的优点.分析其拓扑在不同工作模式下的工作状态来实现系统的功率流动管理,阐述其控制策略来完成不同工作模式间的平滑切换,最后通过仿真和实验验证上述...     

大容量储能系统三电平双向DC/DC变换器的研制与仿真

设计了一种适用于大容量储能系统的三电平双向DC/DC变换器,其拓扑采用可承受大电压的高频隔离双半桥三电平结构。介绍了三电平双向DC/DC变换器的工作原理和开关器件应力情况,分析了在单移相调制策略下的工作特性以及功率特性和软开关条件,并设计了闭环控制系统。通过仿真实验表明,该变换器具有开关管电压应力小,适用于大电压大功率场合;开关管工作在高频软开关条件下,功率密度高;输出电压稳态无差等特点,可满足大容量储能系统的工作要求。     

一种光伏系统高增益非隔离三端口变换器

针对目前光伏系统的三端口变换器效率不高以及输出电压增益有限等问题,提出了一种应用于光伏系统的非隔离三端口变换器。该变换器采用非隔离结构,无需使用变压器,并通过3个开关管实现变换器各端口间的能量控制。该变换器结构简单,在具有高输出电压增益的同时又具有较高的效率。在理论分析的基础上试制了一台300W样机,由实验可知,非隔离三端口变换器在3种工作状态下的实验波形与理论分析一致,能够满足光伏系统对能量管理的需求。通过效率测试可知,非隔离三端口变换器在输出功率较高时,其效率性能最优。     

离网型超级电容储能的太阳能照明系统的设计

介绍了一种基于超级电容模块储能的独立太阳能照明系统的设计,包括储能模块、充电、稳压输出电路和光控微波探测延时电路,对设计的系统进行性能测试,取得了很好的预期效果,随着超级电容性能的提升和太阳电池性价比的不断提高,离网型太阳能照明系统有广阔的市场。     

一种用于光储系统的部分功率三端口直流变换器

针对光储系统提出一种三端口拓扑结构,该拓扑通过在基于移相全桥的部分功率变换器上扩展出蓄电池端口,来克服部分功率变换器抗输入扰动能力差的缺点,且蓄电池端口具备功率控制功能,有利于提高光储系统功率密度。首先给出电路建立过程,并给出功率传输的数学描述和小信号模型,给出变换器控制策略。仿真与实验结果表明,变换器的电压稳定性得到提升并实现最大功率点跟踪、充放电控制和负载电压稳定的功能,且在切载时具有良好的动态性能。     

基于超级电容储能的风电并网功率调节控制系统

风能是一种随机变化的能源,风速变化会导致风电机组输出功率的波动,对电网的电能质量产生影响,使用储能装置可以改善风电质量。通过在风电场并网的交流侧母线上并联超级电容储能单元,能实现对风电场功率的调节,减小功率的波动。文章设计了风电场并网及储能系统各部分的控制策略,在Matlab/Simulink仿真环境下创建了系统的仿真模型,验证了控制策略的正确性。仿真系统最终实现了电机侧变流器最大风能跟踪、电网侧变流器单位功率因数并网和超级电容储能单元对风电场并网功率的调节。     

双级锂电池-超级电容混合储能的协调控制及功率分配

为平抑直驱式永磁同步风电机组功率波动,文章采用双级锂电池-超级电容混合储能的分层控制策略。首先,通过双向DC/DC变换器控制各储能单元充、放电;其次,将混合储能系统分为协调管理层和功率优化层,协调管理层充分利用锂电池和超级电容优势互补,功率优化层以锂电池荷电状态和最大充、放电功率为约束,建立锂电池功率分配策略及充、放电模式切换;最后,将实测风速数据导入仿真模型,并对比单级锂电池系统的充、放电次数。仿真结果表明,文章所提混合储能系统分层控制策略可很好地实现平滑风电系统出力,且减少了锂电池的充、放电次数,延长锂电池的使用寿命。     

Design and analysis of an integrated concentrated solar and wind energy system with storage

This study analyzes a renewable energy‐driven innovative multigeneration system, in which wind and solar energy sources are utilized in an efficient way to generate several useful commodities such as hydrogen, oxygen, desalted water, space cooling, and space heating along with electricity. A 1‐km² heliostat field is considered to concentrate the solar light onto a spectrum splitter, where the light spectrum is separated into two portions as reflected and transmitted to be used as the energy source in the concentrated solar power (CSP) and concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) receivers, respectively. As such, CSP and CPV systems are integrated. Wind energy is proposed for generating electricity (146 MW) or thermal energy (138 MW) to compensate the energy need of the multigeneration system when there is insufficient solar energy. In addition, multiple commodities, 46 MW of electricity, 12 m³/h of desalted water, and 69 MW of cooling, are generated using the Rankine cycle and the rejected heat from its condenser. Further, the heat generated on CPV cells is recovered for efficient photovoltaic conversion and utilized in the space heating (34 MW) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer (239 kg/h) for hydrogen production. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the overall system are calculated as 61.3% and 47.8%, respectively. The exergy destruction rates of the main components are presented to identify the potential improvements of the system. Finally, parametric studies are performed to analyze the effect of changing parameters on the exergy destruction rates, production rates, and efficiencies.     

The patents analysis on supercapacitor energy storage

本文以超级电容器储能技术国际专利为研究对象,运用专利文献计量学方法,使用TDA和Innography专利检索与分析平台,对德温特专利数据库（DII）中收录的超级电容器储能技术相关专利的时序分布、来源国家和地区、技术主题、重点申请人等方面进行了分析,对超级电容器储能技术的国际发展现状、态势进行了梳理。     

Modelling and simulation of a heaving wave energy converter based PEM hydrogen generation and storage system

The research on wave energy systems has been ongoing for decades. However, there are not many operational wave energy converters in use. The hydrogen energy systems also have a great potential. The proposed solution is to combine wave energy system with hydrogen energy system. The study provides details of simulation models and related simulation results. It is environmentally friendly, safe, feasible and effective. The results indicate that the proposed system model has a very high potential. With the use of low to medium energy density sea states, it is appears to be possible to generate (for DS1, DS2 and DS3, m_H2 = 350.8 kg, 623.9 kg and 2124 kg, respectively) a considerable amount of hydrogen in 20-min. The presented results include WEC motion properties, instantaneous and moving average value of other system parameters. The future promising simulations results indicate that next generation wave energy converter systems could be accompanied by hydrogen generation and storage systems.     

Experimental investigation of supercapacitor based regenerative energy storage for a fuel cell vehicle equipped with an alternator

Recently, researchers have devoted more attention to supercapacitors (SCs) to integrate with batteries in energy storage systems (ESSs) for vehicle applications. In this study, we attempted to characterize the use of SCs in the ESS for a PEM fuel cell vehicle equipped with an alternator to maximize the performance of regenerative braking. We applied lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and SCs as energy storage devices to examine their effect on ESS. Then we used a hysteresis brake to apply controllable braking force on the flywheel to form hybrid braking (HB) and made efforts to study its behavior to suggest a braking control strategy. We also ran the whole system over the rotational speed to cover the range of driving speed. At last, we sized the SCs for the most commonly used fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) in Korea, i.e., Hyundai NEXO, based on the results obtained from the above study by alternator efficiencies.     

Hydrogen energy storage integrated battery and supercapacitor based hybrid power system: A statistical analysis towards future research directions

Environmentally friendly and pollution-free hydrogen cell, battery and supercapacitor hybrid power system has taken the attention of scientists in recent years. Several notable advancements in energy storage mechanisms with hybrid power systems have been made during the last decade, influencing innovation, research, and the possible direction for improving energy storage technologies. This paper represents a quantitative analysis of all knowledge carriers with mathematical and statistical methods of hydrogen energy storage to establish a hybrid power system. For selecting the top cited papers in this topic, related articles on energy storage mechanisms for hybrid power systems were searched in the Scopus database under specified predetermined parameters. The selection technique of the most cited paper was based on filtered keywords in the hybrid hydrogen energy storage-based hybrid power system and related research during 2008–2021. About 48% of all articles have been published between 2016 and 2019; 21% will have originated from China; and 29% of the papers have used batteries as a form of energy storage in the application of electric vehicles. Most of the articles contain experimental work (25.11%) followed by simulation analysis (25%) and systematic and nonsystematic review (18.75%). Related publications with the most citations were published in 35 different impactful journals from different publishers and nations. This research found that integrating hydrogen energy storage with battery and supercapacitor to establish a hybrid power system has provided valuable insights into the field's progress and development. Moreover, it is a thriving and expanding subject of study. Bibliometric analysis was used to identify the most significant research publications on the subject of hybrid energy storage, mapping the multidisciplinary character, illustrating nature and trends, and outlining areas for further research. The process of collecting, selecting, and analyzing the most cited articles is expected to contribute to a methodical foundation for future developments of hydrogen energy storage systems and provide viable research paths toward attaining a hybrid power system.     

适用于微网中储能变换器的并网开关控制策略

本文针对微网中储能变换器的并网开关控制问题进行了深入研究,深入分析了可控硅整流器(silicon controlled rectifier,SCR)开关的过零关断特性造成的关断延迟对本地负荷造成的影响.为保证本地负荷供电稳定、可靠,本文利用现有条件,提出SCR强制关断控制策略,该策略仅通过软件控制策略迫使流过SCR的电...     

Flywheel energy storage systems: Review and simulation for an isolated wind power system

In flywheel based energy storage systems (FESSs), a flywheel stores mechanical energy that interchanges in form of electrical energy by means of an electrical machine with a bidirectional power converter. FESSs are suitable whenever numerous charge and discharge cycles (hundred of thousands) are needed with medium to high power (kW to MW) during short-time periods (seconds–minutes). Monitoring of the FESS state of charge is simple and reliable as only the spinning speed is needed. The materials for the flywheel, the type of electrical machine, the type of bearings and the confinement atmosphere which all together determine the FESSs energy efficiency (>85%) are reviewed. Main FESS applications: power quality, traction and aerospace are presented. Additionally in this paper it is presented the simulation of an isolated wind power system (IWPS) consisting of a wind turbine generator (WTG), a consumer load, a synchronous machine (SM) and a FESS. A low-speed iron flywheel driven by an asynchronous machine (ASM) is sized for the presented IWPS. The simulation results with graphs for system frequency, system voltage, active powers of the different elements, and FESS-ASM speed, direct and quadrature currents are presented showing that the FESS effectively smoothes the wind power and consumer load variations.     

A new concept for an osmotic energy converter

A new concept for an osmosis power generation system is presented. While the power production of a conventional system is based on continuous, increasing volumetric flow of solution directed to a turbine, the new concept is based on the pressurizing of fluids by osmosis. Two different new concepts were studied. In the first case, the osmotic module consists of the osmotic membranes, fresh water and solution. In the second case, gas is included in the solution part of the module. Consequently, the new system without gas was found to result in more than 2.5 times higher power values than the conventional concept. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Building integrated energy storage opportunities in China

China has a big population and all countryside are being urbanized recently, more and more buildings are being built with careful considerations of energy saving. Building integrated energy systems are thought to be of priority importance. There are extended energy storage researches and developments for buildings, such as building materials for stabilization of room temperature using the daily and night temperature difference in north China, desiccant materials integrated with buildings used for constant relative humidity control in south China. Solar thermal energy storage using specialized design of hot water tank, phase change materials (PCMs) or pebble stones have been well studied and demonstrated, whereas chemical energy storage capability had been also considered with potential applications. The development of electric battery storage for Photovoltaic (PV) is also highlighted as it is a good opportunity for smart grid development. In modern commercial building, uninterruptible power supplies using rechargeable battery packs and thermal energy storage are currently two of the most common applications for energy storage, while other storage technologies are still at the research stage. The above development of building integrated energy storage opportunities in China are described and analyzed, some demonstration projects are shown in this paper.     

Design and analysis of a solar tower power plant integrated with thermal energy storage system for cogeneration

In the current study, a solar tower–based energy system integrated with a thermal energy storage option is offered to supply both the electricity and freshwater through distillation and reverse osmosis technologies. A high‐temperature thermal energy storage subsystem using molten salt is considered for the effective and efficient operation of the integrated system. The molten salt is heated up to 565°C through passing the solar tower. The thermal energy storage tanks are designed to store heat up to 12 hours. The temperature variations in the storage tanks are studied and compared accordingly for evaluation. The effect of operating temperatures on the freshwater production and overall system efficiency is determined. About 24.46 MW electricity is generated in the steam turbine under sunny conditions. Furthermore, the storage subsystem stores heat during sunny hours to utilize later in cloudy hours and night time. The produced power decreases to 20.17 MW in discharging hours due to temperature decrease in the tank. The electricity generated by the system is then used to produce freshwater through the reverse osmosis units and also to supply electricity for the residential use. A total flowrate of 240.02 kg/s freshwater is obtained by distillation and reverse osmosis subsystems.