离子交换纤维吸附Cr（VI）的热力学研究

采用离子交换纤维对Cr（VI）的吸附性能进行了研究,在温度298～318K和研究的浓度范围内,离子交换纤维对Cr（vi）的吸附平衡数据符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。Freundlich等量吸附焓表明,离子交换纤维对Cr（VI）的吸附是吸热过程,并对吸附焓、自由能、吸附熵进行了计算,并对吸附行为进行了合理解释。     

金属Mn离子（Ⅱ）在烟草上的吸附动力学和热力学研究

通过测定不同温度、浓度下的吸附速率曲线和吸附等温线，研究了Mn^2 在烟草上的吸附动力学和热力学，结果表明，烟草对Mn^2 的吸附速率快，吸附热效应高；吸附动力学过程可由lagergren一级动力学模式较好地描述，且吸咐主要属内扩散控制，吸咐等温模型符合Langmuir等温吸咐机理。     

小麦秸秆对硝基苯的吸附动力学及热力学研究

采用批量吸附实验考察了小麦秸秆对硝基苯的吸附动力学及热力学行为。吸附平衡时间约为60 min,且在前20 min是吸附急剧增加的第一阶段。吸附动力学行为符合拟二级动力学方程,拟二级动力学方程拟合曲线的决定系数均大于0.99,说明拟合程度很好。Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线都能较好地拟合吸附过程。吸附热力学结果表明,该反应是自发、吸热并且熵变增加的过程,温度升高有利于吸附反应的进行。     

活性啤酒酵母对Cr(Ⅵ)生物吸附的研究

本文研究了驯化和未驯化的活性啤酒酵母对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为。结果表明,对活性啤酒酵母而言,pH=12时吸附效果最好,pH值在O．5～2去除率在95％以上,吸附过程存在主动吸附阶段,常温可进行吸附,温度升高有利于吸附。     

废水中Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附热力学和动力学研究进展

含铬废液中三价铬含量控制是含铬废液处理的重要组成部分。作为微量元素,体内含铬量不能超标吸收或体内缺失。铬在不同情形下显示不同形态化学变化。三价铬吸附热力学与动力学为从宏观和微观角度理解三价铬在吸附剂上的吸附行为提供理论基础。本文介绍铬价态变化、三价铬含量的传统与最新测试方式,分析近期三价铬吸附相关文献的吸附热力学与动力学成果,为进一步准确分析三价铬的吸附热力学函数和吸附参数随时间的变化提供理论依据,并指出目前的废水Cr(Ⅲ)吸附热力学与动力学中的研究空白。     

伊利石对四环素的吸附动力学及热力学研究

对伊利石原矿和采用擦洗分散-离心分选方法选矿提纯后的精矿吸附溶液中四环素的饱和吸附量、吸附动力学和热力学进行了研究,并考察了pH值对四环素在伊利石上吸附效果的影响.结果表明,伊利石原矿与选矿提纯后的伊利石精矿在常温条件下(T=25℃)的饱和吸附量分别为28.11 mg/g与45.37 mg/g;pH值为4～6时伊利石有较好的吸附效果;准二级动力学方程对伊利石吸附四环素分子的过程描述更为准确;伊利石对四环素的等温吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,是一个不可逆的自发吸热过程,吸附热力学参数吉布斯自由能(△G0)＜0,焓变(△H0)＞0,熵变(△S0)＞0.     

鸡毛吸附水中机油的动力学和热力学研究

利用H2O2预处理的鸡毛作为吸附剂对水中机油污染物进行了吸附动力学和吸附热力学研究.在25～55℃范围内,吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型.动力学研究表明,室温下鸡毛吸附机油速度快,吸附15min就达到吸附平衡.吸附可以用拟二级动力学模型描述.计算了吸附过程的热力学参数,标准吉布斯自由能△Go-24.59～26.63kJ·mol-1,标准焓变△Ho 为-45.74kJ·mol-1,标准熵变△So为-65.35J·(mol·K)-1.结果表明,吸附是一个可自发的、放热和熵减少的过程.     

啤酒酵母对重金属离子生物吸附的研究进展

文章简要介绍了目前国内采用啤酒酵母生物吸附处理废水中重金属离子的研究状况,探讨了pH、温度、吸附时间、溶液初始浓度、共存离子等因素对啤酒酵母吸附重金属离子的影响。展望了啤酒酵母生物吸附重金属离子的发展趋势和应用前景。     

改性膨润土对刚果红的吸附动力学及热力学研究

制备了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性膨润土,利用红外光谱和XRD对其结构进行了表征,考察了投加量和pH值对吸附性能的影响.结果表明: CTAB能插入膨润土层间;当投加量为4 g/L,pH值为4时,去除率最高达97.15%.改性膨润土对刚果红的吸附符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程,由吸附热力学方程计算得到的吸附焓变(ΔH)<0,吸附自由能变(ΔG)<0,吸附熵变(ΔS)<0,表明吸附为放热和熵减少的自发过程.     

Mg/Al双金属氧化物吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的动力学和热力学机理

通过静态吸附实验,研究了Cr(Ⅵ).Mg/Al水滑石焙烧产物层状双金属氧化物(layered double oxides,LDO)的吸附性能.考察了温度对其吸 附性能的影响,探讨了吸附动力学和热力学规律.研究表明:吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,LDO的吸附活化能为21.42kJ/mol,表现为扩散控 制过程.在293~333 K温度范围内,吸附自由能(△Go)变小是Cr(Ⅵ)ELDO上的吸附推动力;吸附热(吸附焓变H)为5.12 kJ/mol,是自发的物理吸附过程;LDO吸附Cr(Ⅵ)为熵增过程.其熵变为49.12 J/(mol·K).结合XRD表征结果探讨了吸附机理:LDO吸附Cr(Ⅵ)无配位摹交换、化学键等强的作用力,Mg/Al金属氧化物在吸附Cr(Ⅵ)后恢复为LDH层状结构,因此,LDO对Cr(Ⅵ)的强吸附能力是冈为其具有较强的结构"记忆效应".     

光催化法处理含Cr(VI)废水的研究

采用P 25 TiO2作为光催化剂,研究了废水的pH值、Cr(VI)的初始浓度、气氛及有机物等因素对含铬废水中Cr(VI)去解率的影响。结果表明,在pH值为3.0时,光催化反应速率最大;反应气氛对该体系中Cr(VI)的光催化还原无明显影响;苯酚、葡萄糖等有机物的存在能有效地促进Cr(VI)的光催化还原,当加入与Cr(VI)等物质的量的苯酚或葡萄糖时,150 mL反应液[Cr(VI)浓度为0.96 mmol/L],0.15 g光催化剂,经12 W紫外灯照射反应120 m in,Cr(VI)完全被去除,相对于在反应体系中不加有机物时,Cr(VI)光催化还原效率提高了近100%;Cr(VI)的光催化还原符合L-H动力学规律。     

The biosorption of Cr(VI) ions by dried biomass obtained from a chromium-resistant bacterium

The biosorption potential of many different kinds of biomaterials has been widely studied. However, there is little data on the biosorption mechanism of Cr(VI) by dried biomass. So the bio-removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions was investigated using dried biomass from a chromium-resistant bacterium. The bacterium was isolated from dewatered sludge samples that were obtained from a sewage treatment plant. Equilibrium and kinetic experiments were performed at different metal concentrations, pH values, and biosorbents dosages. The biomass was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The functional groups in the Bacillus cereus biomass which may play a role in the biosorption process were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The biosorption process was found to be highly pH dependent and the optimum pH for the adsorption of Cr(VI) was 2.0±0.3 at 30±2 °C. The experimental data fit well with Langmuir and Freundlich models as well as a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The mechanism for the biosorption was also studied by fitting the kinetic data with an intra-particle diffusion model and a Boyd plot. External mass transfer was found to be the rate-determining step for the adsorption process. Biosorption could be an alternative mechanism besides bio-oxidation and bio-reduction for the bioremediation of heavy metals.     

Adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics of Cr(VI) on KIP210 resin

Series of resin selection experiments were carried out and the KIP210 strong base anion exchange resin was confirmed to have the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity to remove Cr(VI) from wastewater. The adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics of Cr(VI) on KIP210 resin were investigated completely and systematically. The static experiments were performed to study the effects of various parameters, such as shaking speed, resin dosage and pH during the adsorption process. The results indicate that the effect of external diffusion is eliminated at 160 rpm, the best pH value is 3.0 and the removal percentage of Cr(VI) increases with the increase of the resin dosage. The adsorption of Cr(VI) on KIP210 agrees well with the Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption parameters of thermodynamics are ΔH = 26.5 kJ mol⁻¹, ΔS = 126.7 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ and ΔG < 0. It demonstrates that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on KIP210 is a spontaneously endothermic physisorption process. Moreover, the adsorption process can be described well by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the activation energy is 30.9 kJ mol⁻¹. The kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption rate is controlled by intraparticle diffusion. The resin is successfully regenerated using the NaOH solutions.     

Adsorption of Cr (VI) Oxyanions onto Modified Wood Pulp

A new adsorbent was prepared from wood pulp (WP) after reaction with epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine in the presence of pyridine and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The adsorption of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions by the so-prepared wood pulp adsorbent (WP-A) was investigated. Various factors affecting adsorption, such as pH, adsorbent concentration (1–5 g/L), agitation time (5–60 min), and Cr (VI) concentration (50–700), were taken into consideration. The adsorption of Cr (VI) onto (WP-A) was found to be pH-dependent and maximum adsorption was obtained at pH 3. The adsorption data obeyed Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (Q_max) was found to be 588.24 mg/g. Freundlich constants, K_F and n, were found to be 55.03 and 2.835, respectively.     

Cr(VI)-乙酸复合体系中硫酸盐掺杂的含钛高炉渣光催化还原Cr(VI)

采用煅烧的硫酸盐掺杂的含钛高炉渣作光催化剂,研究了Cr(VI)-乙酸(AA)复合体系中Cr(VI)的光催化还原效率,考察了初始pH值、Cr(VI)初始浓度、AA/Cr(VI)体积比、协同效率因子、光催化剂使用寿命等因素的影响. 结果表明,增大AA/Cr(VI)比到0.2%,Cr(VI)的还原效率先增大到27.55%随后逐渐降低. 酸性条件下,Cr(VI)单一体系和Cr(VI)-AA复合体系中Cr(VI)的还原率和吸附率都明显提高;相同反应时间下(110 min),初始pH 1.5时,2种体系中Cr(VI)的还原效率分别为76.32%(单一体系)和100%(复合体系). 复合体系中协同效率因子始终大于0. 循环使用5次后催化剂对Cr(VI)的光催化还原率为92.2%. Cr(VI)在Cr(VI)-AA体系中的光催化还原遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学规律.     

Well-designed ZnIn2S4/TiO2 Z-type heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI)

ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ photocatalyst was obtained by a facile hydrothermal method. Various techniques were used to characterize the ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂, crystal structure and optical properties of ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂. Cr (Ⅵ) as highly-toxic pollutant was used as the target reduction product to evaluate the catalytic performance of ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ under visible light irradiation. According to the experiment results, the reduction rate of Cr(VI) in the presence of ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ reaches 99% within 60 min, which is much better than ZnIn₂S₄ and TiO₂, respectively. At the same time, ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ also performs good stability for reduction rate hardly changes after 5 recycling experiments.     

Gamma irradiated orange peel for Cr(VI) bioreduction

This work presents the γ irradiation (600–3500 kGy) and acid hydrolysis onto orange peel for hexavalent chromium removal. SEM, AFM, TGA-DSC, FTIR, and UV-Vis showed that γ rays enhance degradation and cleavage of orange peel cellulose polymeric chains, increasing the presence of reducing sugars after acid hydrolysis (0.1552 g/g biomass, 3500 kGy). Bioreduction kinetics of Cr(VI) using both solid and solubilized liquid fractions of γ irradiated biomass showed a direct correlation between the applied dose and Cr(VI) removal, reaching 100% of Cr(VI) reduction at pH 2 and 3500 kGy. Cr(VI) reduction is explained as a function of hydrolyzed reducing sugar oxidation.     

Removal of Cr(VI) From Aqueous Solution by Turkish Vermiculite: Equilibrium,Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies

Abstract

The adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by Turkish vermiculite were investigated in terms of equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Experimental parameters affecting the removal process such as pH of solution, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature were studied. Equilibrium adsorption data were evaluated by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models. Langmuir model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich model. The monolayer adsorption capacity of Turkish vermiculite for Cr(VI) was found to be 87.7 mg/g at pH 1.5, 10 g/L adsorbent dosage and 20°C. The mean free energy of adsorption (5.9 kJ/mol) obtained from the D–R isotherm indicated that the type of sorption was essentially physical. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔG ^o , ΔH ^o and ΔS ^o ) showed that the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution by the vermiculite was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic at 20–50°C. Equilibrium data were also tested using the adsorption kinetic models and the results showed that the adsorption processes of Cr(VI) onto Turkish vermiculite followed well pseudo-second order kinetics.     

Studies of adsorption behavior of crosslinked chitosan for Cr(VI), Se(VI)

In this work, it was found that crosslinked chitosan (CCTS) had strong adsorption ability for some anions under certain conditions. Cr(VI) and Se(VI) existed in anion forms in aqueous solution, and their adsorption rates by CCTS were 97% for Cr(VI) at pH 3.0 and 95% for Se(VI) at pH 4.0. In addition, the adsorption balance time and isotherm of CCTS for Cr(VI) and Se (VI) were discussed and adsorption mechanism was explained. This research will be useful for designing CCTS‐based adsorption for metallic toxin removal and preconcentrating Cr(VI) and Se(VI) in their trace analysis. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 3216–3219, 2000     

Removal of Cr(VI) from Model Solutions by a Combined Electrocoagulation Sorption Process

The elimination of hexavalent chromium from synthetic effluents in a batch stirred electrocoagulation cell with aluminum electrodes coupled with a sorption process using red onion skin adsorbent is addressed. The effect of process variables such as medium pH and adsorbent concentration was investigated in an attempt to optimize the removal capacity. Adsorption and electrocoagulation were first considered separately, with maximum Cr(VI) removal yields of 47 % and 78 %, respectively, at pH 2. When combining the two processes, a removal of 97 % of the total Cr(VI) in a pH range of 3–6 was achieved. The almost total elimination observed for the considered pollutant demonstrated the feasibility and the synergistic effect of the coupled process.