C_(22)-三元酸三酯的合成

C22-三元酸三酯的合成以棉籽油甲酯为原料,将非共轭的亚油酸甲酯在催化剂作用下转化成共轭亚油酸甲酯,同时与富马酸二酯发生D iels-A lder反应,生成C22-三元酸三酯。采用正交实验设计探讨了C22-三元酸的甲基二异戊酯的投料比、温度、催化剂用量、反应时间对合成反应的影响。富马酸二酯加入量按照富马酸二酯∶亚油酸甲酯(摩尔比)=1.1∶1投料,反应温度选择在200~210℃,催化剂碘的用量在0.6%,反应控制在2 h,最佳转化率相对于亚油酸甲酯可达96%。     

ZnCl_2/活性白土催化剂的制备及其催化Diels-Alder反应研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了活性白土负载ZnCl2固体酸催化剂,并以脂肪酸甲酯与马来酸二丁酯合成C22-环脂肪三酸酯的Diels-Alder反应评价其催化性能。考察了ZnCl2负载量及焙烧活化温度对催化剂活性的影响;比较了几种不同催化剂的催化活性,结果表明,ZnCl2负载量为0.5 mmol/g,在300℃下焙烧活化4 h所制得的催化剂,可以使脂肪酸甲酯与马来酸二丁酯反应生成C22-环脂肪三酸酯的收率达到58.5%。ZnCl2/活性白土负载型催化剂的活性明显大于载体(活性白土)活性与ZnCl2活性的简单加和。利用XRD、TG-dTG等分析测试手段对活性白土负载ZnCl2催化剂的结构进行了表征。结果表明,经活化处理ZnCl2与载体(活性白土)内表面的羟基之间发生了化学键合,形成了新的活性物种Zn(OH)Cl,从而提高了催化剂的催化活性。     

C_(22)-环脂三酸酯等三类增塑剂结构与性能关系研究

测定了C22-环脂三酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酯和马来酸酯等三类增塑剂的若干理化性能及其增塑的聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料的力学性能、电性能和热性能。研究了三类增塑剂结构母体和甲酸酯基(—COOR)中烷基R对增塑剂性能的影响。结果表明,三类增塑剂的密度均随着烷基R链长的增加而减小;与邻苯二甲酸酯、马来酸酯不同,C22-环脂三酸酯的运动粘度随着烷基R链长的增加而减小;C22-环脂三酸酯的闪点和耐热性能远高于邻苯二甲酸酯和马来酸酯,其加热减量则远低于后两者。C22-环脂三酸酯类增塑剂,烷基R较短时塑化性能弱,过长则与PVC相容性变差,无法成膜。三类增塑剂增塑的PVC材料的表面电阻率均随着烷基R链长的增加而增加。烷基R相同时,表面电阻率大小顺序为:C22-环脂三酸酯>邻苯二甲酸酯>马来酸酯。C22-环脂三酸酯增塑的PVC材料的抗热老化性能优于邻苯二甲酸酯和马来酸酯增塑的PVC材料。     

C22-二元酸单甲酯的合成

以棉籽油甲酯为原料,将非共轭的亚油酸甲酯在催化剂作用下转化共轭亚油酸甲酯,同时与富马酸发生Diels-Alder反应,生成C22-二元酸单甲酯,并采用正交实验设计探讨了投料比、温度、催化剂用量、反应时间对合成反应的影响。富马酸加入量按照n(富马酸)∶n(亚油酸甲酯)=1.1∶1投料,反应温度选择在200～210°C,催化剂碘的用量在0.3%(质量分数),反应控制在2h,转化率相对于亚油酸甲酯为98%。此工艺易于实现产业化。     

C_(22)-环脂三酸酯等三类增塑剂结构与性能关系研究

测定了C22-环脂三酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酯和马来酸酯等三类增塑剂的若干理化性能及其增塑的聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料的力学性能、电性能和热性能。研究了三类增塑剂结构母体和甲酸酯基(—COOR)中烷基R对增塑剂性能的影响。结果表明,三类增塑剂的密度均随着烷基R链长的增加而减小;与邻苯二甲酸酯、马来酸酯不同,C22-环脂三酸酯的运动粘度随着烷基R链长的增加而减小;C22-环脂三酸酯的闪点和耐热性能远高于邻苯二甲酸酯和马来酸酯,其加热减量则远低于后两者。C22-环脂三酸酯类增塑剂,烷基R较短时塑化性能弱,过长则与PVC相容性变差,无法成膜。三类增塑剂增塑的PVC材料的表面电阻率均随着烷基R链长的增加而增加。烷基R相同时,表面电阻率大小顺序为:C22-环脂三酸酯邻苯二甲酸酯马来酸酯。C22-环脂三酸酯增塑的PVC材料的抗热老化性能优于邻苯二甲酸酯和马来酸酯增塑的PVC材料。     

固体酸SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2-SiO_2催化合成长链脂肪酸酯

以固体酸SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2-SiO_2为催化剂,利用长链脂肪酸(C12~C18)和长链脂肪醇(C12~C18)合成了8个脂肪酸酯,产物结构经IR或1H NMR分析表征。以十二酸十八醇酯为例,采用正交实验法得出了酯化反应的最佳条件为:醇与酸的物质的量比为1∶1.2,反应所用催化剂用量占原料总质量的2.0%,反应时间为2.5h,产率可达85.5%。     

C22-三元酸二丁一甲酯增塑剂的合成及其性能

以废弃油脂脂肪酸甲酯为主要原料合成了C22-三元酸二丁一甲酯,产物经分子蒸馏分离提纯后加成物含量达到94.0%,并采用红外光谱和液质联用技术对产物结构进行了研究。对C22-三元酸二丁一甲酯的若干理化性能及其增塑PVC材料的各项性能与邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DOP)进行了比较测试。结果表明:C22-三元酸二丁一甲酯的闪点明显高于DOP,加热减量明显小于DOP;其增塑的PVC拉伸强度等力学性能、电绝缘性能和抗老化性能均优于DOP增塑的PVC材料。最后采用线虫实验比较了C22-三元酸二丁一甲酯和DOP的毒性大小,结果 C22-三元酸二丁一甲酯对线虫的毒性小于DOP。     

2-(1-环己烯基)环己酮合成反应的动力学

研究了环己酮在NJ1固体酸催化剂作用下合成2-(1-环己烯基)环己酮的反应规律,考察了反应温度、催化剂用量和移走反应生成的水对反应的影响,由实验数据按照二级连串反应拟合估算了动力学参数,建立了由环己酮合成2-(1-环己烯基)环己酮的主、副反应动力学模型,模型计算值与实验值拟合良好。     

固体酸催化合成增塑剂三甘醇二异辛酸酯

采用固体酸为催化剂,研究了在实验室条件下,由异辛酸和三甘醇反应合成增塑剂三甘醇二异辛酸酯的最佳工艺;探讨了催化剂用量与反应温度等因素对反应的影响.结果表明:n(醇):n(酸)为2.15,固体酸催化剂质量分数0.05％(基于反应物总质量),反应温度230℃,反应时间5h,酯化反应较完全.气相色谱测得酯含量为97.6％,产品主要质量指标良好.     

聚乙烯亚胺-松香改性聚羟基酸酯类超分散剂的研发

以松香和12-羟基月桂酸为原料合成溶剂化部分。12-羟基月桂酸在160℃-180℃时用二甲苯为溶剂,在催化剂和氮气保护下反应18小时,生成N=6聚羟基酸酯链。树脂酸与聚羟基酸酯的酯化反应温度为200℃～205℃,氧化二丁基锡作催化剂生成松香改性溶剂化链;再与高分支聚乙烯亚胺(分子量1200)反应合成标题化合物。此分散剂应用于高固体颜料浓缩物(颜料含量40%-60%)在有机溶剂中的分散取得了很好的效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.