一种自动纠偏控制装置

带材跑偏是带材传输中很普遍的现象,本文介绍了一种小型自动纠偏装置,对其原理,结构作了阐述。     

Design and implementation of adaptive PI control schemes for web tension control in roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing

In this paper, two adaptive Proportional-Integral (PI) control schemes are designed and discussed for control of web tension in Roll-to-Roll (R2R) manufacturing systems. R2R systems are used to transport continuous materials (called webs) on rollers from the unwind roll to the rewind roll. Maintaining web tension at the desired value is critical to many R2R processes such as printing, coating, lamination, etc. Existing fixed gain PI tension control schemes currently used in industrial practice require extensive tuning and do not provide the desired performance for changing operating conditions and material properties. The first adaptive PI scheme utilizes the model reference approach where the controller gains are estimated based on matching of the actual closed-loop tension control systems with an appropriately chosen reference model. The second adaptive PI scheme utilizes the indirect adaptive control approach together with relay feedback technique to automatically initialize the adaptive PI gains. These adaptive tension control schemes can be implemented on any R2R manufacturing system. The key features of the two adaptive schemes is that their designs are simple for practicing engineers, easy to implement in real-time, and automate the tuning process. Extensive experiments are conducted on a large experimental R2R machine which mimics many features of an industrial R2R machine. These experiments include trials with two different polymer webs and a variety of operating conditions. Implementation guidelines are provided for both adaptive schemes. Experimental results comparing the two adaptive schemes and a fixed gain PI tension control scheme used in industrial practice are provided and discussed.     

Precision design and control of a flexure-based roll-to-roll printing system

This paper presents the design, characterization, and control of a flexure-based roll-to-roll (R2R) printing system that achieves nanometer level precision and repeatability. The R2R system includes an unwinding/rewinding module, a web guide mechanism, and a core positioning stage consisting of two monolithic compliant X–Y stages that control the position/force of the print roller. During the printing process, capacitance probes, eddy current sensors and load cells are used to monitor the displacements of the flexure stage and contact force in real time. Control strategies, including decoupling, PID, and cascade control, have been implemented to decouple the cross-axis and cross-stage motion coupling effect and improve the overall precision and dynamic performance. In actual printing processes, the contact force and roller position can be uniformly controlled within ±0.05 N and ±200 nm respectively across a 4 in. wide PET web. To demonstrate the performance, a positive microcontact printing (MCP) process is adapted to the R2R system, printing various fine metal patterns, e.g., optical gratings and electrodes, in a continuous fashion.     

Steering guide-based lateral control for roll-to-roll printed electronics

This paper presents the lateral displacement control of a moving web using a steering guide system which can be an important part in roll-to-roll (R2R) printed electronics. In general, R2R systems in printed electronics need a long drying section for the reduction of time and cost by reducing the delay of drying time. However, the lateral web displacement can be a worse problem because the web should be affected by the air blow from the dryer. Therefore, the lateral position control of long span will play a significant role in the R2R production process for better product quality. In our work, PID control method is designed to control the lateral displacement of a moving web by using a steering guide system, and simulations and experiments were performed to test the method.     

Adaptive backstepping-based tracking control design for nonlinear active suspension system with parameter uncertainties and safety constraints

This paper proposes a novel constraint adaptive backstepping based tracking controller for nonlinear active suspension system with parameter uncertainties and safety constraints. By introducing the virtual control input and reference trajectories, the adaptive control law is developed to stabilize both of the vertical and pitch motions of vehicle body using backstepping technique and Lyapunov stability theory, and further to track the predefined reference trajectories within a finite time, which not only ensure the safety performance requirements, but also achieve improvements in riding comfort and handling stability of vehicle active suspension system. Next, the stability analysis on zero dynamics error system is conducted to ensure that all the safety performance indicators are all bounded and the corresponding upper bounds are estimable. Finally, a numerical simulation is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller and to address the comparability between the classical Barrier–Lyapunov Function based adaptive tracking controller and the proposed controller.     

Design of a precision multi-layer roll-to-roll printing system

Roll-to-roll (R2R) printing technologies have been widely adopted in a variety of engineering fields, e.g., organic photovoltaics and flexible electronics, owing to the advantages of cost and throughput. Although a minimum feature size of 100 nm has been demonstrated on R2R systems, the layer to layer registration accuracy (i.e., overlay accuracy) still remains as low as tens of microns, which prevents the fabrication of common electronic and functional devices, such as transistors. To realize the full potential of R2R technologies, the registration accuracy must be improved to match the printing resolution, i.e., 100s nm. To address the issue, we have developed a multi-layer R2R system with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) closed-loop control that achieves submicron level alignment precision for large-scale continuous printing processes. The enabling elements in the multi-layer R2R system include: (1) new vision-based alignment algorithm/method, which provides 100s nm position detection capability based on low-cost cameras; and (2) custom-built five-axis compliant roller positioner. Experimental results show that the compliant roller positioner has a ±1 mm range with 100s nm precision in X, Y, and Z axes respectively. For correcting in-plane web errors, the roller positioner can achieve a range of 1 mm with < 1 μm precision, realizing multi-layer R2R printing with submicron overlay accuracy. Based on the new methods, a gate/source-drain multi-layer electrode structure for field-effect transistors (FETs) has been designed and fabricated on a 4-inch PET web, demonstrating better than 1 μm overlay precision in fabricating flexible electronics on a R2R platform for the first time.     

智能控制算法在温控系统中的应用

文章首先介绍了温控系统的方案设计,接着介绍BP神经网络结构。指出了基本BP算法的弊端并提出相应的优化方法。利用matlab工具箱作为平台建立控制模型,通过遗传算法获得大致的全局最优点,再由改进的BP学习算法对其精心调整,得出最佳控制模型,并通过测试样本仿真和试验。本设计的应用为实现快速、精确的温控系统提供了一种功耗低、经济有效的解决方案。     

电液比例位置控制系统的新型PID控制算法研究

该文设计了一种新型PID控制算法,对其在电液比例位置控制系统上的应用进行研究。在介绍新型PID控制算法基本原理的基础上,通过实验比较该系统新型PID控制和常规PID控制对正弦信号的跟踪效果。结果表明,新型PID控制比常规PID控制有更好的精度和稳定性。     

基于模糊PID的浮选机液位控制系统研究

以浮选液位控制系统的液位控制为研究对象,结合浮选液位控制系统的特点及其性能要求,提出了一种将模糊控制、自适应控制结合起来的自适应模糊PID控制算法,在该算法中计算机根据控制系统的实际响应误差及其变化情况,基于设计的模糊规则,进行模糊推理等工作实现了PID算法的参数在线整定工作。在MATLAB环境下对浮选液位控制系统的液位控制进行了动态仿真;仿真结果表明,该模糊PID控制器算法的控制性能远优于传统PID控制器,能够满足浮选过程对其液位的要求。     

Development of roll-to-roll hot embossing system with induction heater for micro fabrication

In this paper, a hot embossing heating roll with induction heater inside the roll is proposed. The induction heating coil is installed inside a roll that is used as a heating roll of a roll-to-roll (R2R) hot embossing apparatus. Using an inside installed heating coil gives the roll-to-roll hot embossing system a more even temperature distribution on the surface of the heating roll compared to that of previous systems, which used an electric wire for heating. This internal induction heating roll can keep the working environment much cleaner because there is no oil leakage compared to the oiled heating roll. This paper describes the principles and provides an analysis of this proposed system; some evaluation has also been performed for the system. A real R2R hot embossing heating roll system was fabricated and some experiments on micro-pattering have been performed. After that, evaluation has been performed on the results.     

A new algorithm to AI-based predictive control scheme for a distillation column system

The main purpose of the present research is to organize an algorithm in the area of distillation column system based upon a new AI-based predictive control scheme. In this investigation, at first, an appropriate prediction of the system behavior needs to be accurately made through a number of investigated fuzzy-based model approaches and subsequently the corresponding control scheme is designed to cope with the system in a desirable manner.     

高精度超声波纠偏控制系统的设计

分析了影响纠偏控制系统纠偏精度的主要环节和关键因素.通过精心论证和设计,选用超声波传感器为传感元件,步进电机和滚珠丝杆为执行机构,采用多调整因子的模糊控制算法,研制了一种高精度的纠偏控制系统.长期实际生产应用表明,在卷材速度小于200 m/min时,该纠偏控制系统的单边纠偏精度优于±0.15 mm.与进口的同类产品相比,该控制系统具有较高的性价比.     

嵌入式运动控制系统中前瞻控制技术的研究

传统的嵌入式运动控制系统中前瞻控制技术的应用存在实时性差、系统资源开销大,以及整体规划灵活性差的问题。为此,提出了基于PC加嵌入式系统的运动控制模式,通过PC图形化编程界面来完成加工路径整体速度规划和路径的加减速控制工作,并将前瞻控制的结果通过通信协议的扩充对每条加工路径起始和终止位置的加减速进行定义,嵌入式运动控制系统仅需按定义的内容来顺序执行每条加工指令,有效地克服了系统中存在的问题。     

弹性多质点共轴运动系统的控制算法研究

针对工业机械弹性传动系统中出现的复杂速度波动问题,根据弹性多质点共轴运动系统的传动特性推导了机械部分的运动微分方程,再由直流电机的动态特性方程组建立了整个系统的数学模型.然后根据给定的系统输入转速,利用简化后的系统数学模型估算出了负载质量体的输出转速.在此基础上,实时计算了相邻质量体之间的速度差值,并利用比例调节器和比例积分调节器分别对其进行了动态调整,再把调整后的总速度补偿量叠加到系统输入速度给定端,为机械传动系统提供了电子阻尼作用,达到了抑制速度波动的目的.最后,通过搭建三质点共轴运动系统试验台验证了该算法的有效性.研究结果表明:应用基于模型的控制算法,在开环情况下控制弹性多质点共轴传动系统,达到了很好的控制效果.     

基于VB6.0的抛物线理论多跨索道设计系统

基于Visual Basic 6.0开发的抛物线多跨索道设计系统,符合国家林业架空索道设计规范.系统功能分为索道参数设计计算与索道侧型图绘制,设计计算包括承载索、工作索及绞盘机计算;索道侧型图绘制的内容包括悬索线形绘制、疑点判断、集材方式方法选择.系统不仅满足索道的安全生产,而且实现了悬索设计计算的高效、精确.     

一种步进电机的自适应控制算法

本文先论述了“自动装料机料斗门自动控制”的设计。要在满足高速装料（150—250袋／b）的情况下,为了保证装袋的计量精度为正负2％。提出了一种步进电机的自适应控制算法。具体思想是：将整个装料时间划分成几个阶段,按照流量——时闻曲线分别建立不同的数学模型。采用不同的控制算法,并根据每次实际的控制效果来判断下一次的控制量。     

An algorithm for robust noninteracting control of ship propulsion system

In this paper, a new algorithm for noninteracting control system design is proposed and applied to ship propulsion system control. For example, if a ship diesel engine is operated by consolidated control with controllable pitch propeller (CPP), the minimum fuel consumption is achieved satisfying the demanded ship speed. For this, it is necessary that the ship is operated on the ideal operating line which satisfies the minimum fuel consumption, and the both pitch angle of CPP and throttle valve angle are controlled simultaneously. In this context of view, this paper gives a controller design method for a ship propulsion system with CPP based on noninteracting control theory. Where, linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach is introduced for the control system design to satisfy the givenH _∞ constraint in the presence of physical parameter perturbation and disturbance input. To the end, the validity and applicability of this approach are illustrated by the simulation in the all operating ranges.     

A vision-aided automation system for destructive web thickness measurement of microdrills

Microdrills are fundamental cutting tools used in mechanical microdrilling. The web thickness of a microdrill is an important design parameter in balancing drill rigidity and chip removal ability. Conventional destructive method for measuring the web thickness is currently adopted by some microdrill manufactures. The conventional method must be carried out manually by experienced inspectors and thus lacks sufficient efficiency and accuracy. To improve the drawbacks of the conventional method, a vision-aided automation system for performing the destructive web thickness measurement is introduced in this paper. Based on the integration of motion and logic control, machine vision, and image processing techniques, an automated measuring process is then established. Experiments to measure the web thickness of microdrill samples were conducted to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented automation system and automated measuring process. The experimental results showed that the presented vision-aided automation system, in combination with the automated measuring process, could be an efficient and precise manner for replacing the conventional manual procedure in performing the destructive web thickness measurement of certain microdrills.     

基于免疫算法的多变量控制系统PID参数优化方法研究

提出一种基于免疫算法的多变量控制系统PID参数优化方法。首先对免疫算法的步骤和实现过程进行了介绍;接着采用了一种新的、适合多变量系统特点的控制系统性能指标,即用阶跃响应曲线超出期望变化区域的面积的大小来衡量控制系统的优劣。该指标被用于构造免疫算法的适应度函数。论文最后将上述方法用于火电机组负荷控制系统优化,取得了良好的效果。