不同梯度丢糟制曲在浓香白酒酿造中的应用

以不同梯度丢糟、小麦及豌豆为原料制作丢糟曲,跟进10%丢糟曲、15%丢糟曲、20%丢糟曲和常规曲发酵过程中糟醅水分、酒精度、酸度和淀粉的变化,并对其酒体产量、理化和感官进行比对分析。研究结果表明,15%丢糟曲应用效果较佳,相比于常规曲,其发酵酒醅顶温、水分、酒精度和淀粉消耗提高了2.9℃、1.7%、0.6%vol和1.36%,酒体产量和己酸乙酯分别提升了2.9%和1.34倍,乳己比降低了0.16,其酒体感官得分最高,窖香更好。该研究为浓香型大曲使用原料的革新提供了理论依据和参考。     

丢糟添加量对机压包包曲品质的动态影响

为优化机压包包曲中丢糟适宜的添加量,在其他条件不变的情况下,采用含丢糟质量分数0、5%、7%、9%、11%机压包包曲与纯小麦机压包包曲进行制曲对比实验。结果表明：丢糟添加量对机压包包曲培养过程中水分、酸度、糖化力、发酵力和主要微生物类群均有不同程度的影响,对新曲的感官品质也有一定的影响;适宜的丢糟添加量有利于改善大曲品质,其中含丢糟质量分数9%的机压包包曲品质最优。因此,在机压包包曲中添加丢糟是可行的。     

厚度对丢糟型酱油种曲质量的影响

用丢糟代替部分豆粕改良酱油种曲培养基,通过试验确定丢糟的最佳添加量为25%,曲盘厚度3cm,培养时间为72h,所制得的种曲孢子数为2.7×1012个/g,蛋白酶活力为1104.2u.     

浓香型大曲酒丢糟用于制曲的研究进展

介绍了浓香型大曲酒丢糟的性质,并就浓香型大曲酒丢糟制曲过程中,丢糟的加入方式、加入量以及制曲坯方式的研究进展进行了概述。     

大曲丢糟在酱油种曲培养中的应用研究

以曲酒丢糟为疏松剂培养酱油种曲，通过正交试验确定丢糟的最佳加入量为30％，最佳的培养温度是36℃，最佳培养时间是4d。所得的酱油种曲孢子数与蛋白酶活力较传统酱油小曲都有提高。     

机压丢糟包包曲酿酒效果

探讨机压丢糟包包曲的酿酒效果,采用含丢糟质量分数5%、7%、9% 和11% 的机压包包曲与纯小麦机压包包曲进行酿酒对比实验。结果表明：1)机压丢糟包包曲有利于提高糖化、发酵的程度,能提高浓香型大曲酒的出酒率;2)含丢糟质量分数9% 的机压包包曲酿酒效果最优,不仅能显著提高产酒量,而且能在一定程度上提高酒品质。因此,机压丢糟包包曲用于酿酒生产是可行的。     

丢糟代替部分小麦用于大曲生产的可行性研究

丢糟是酿酒生产的副产物,除舍有8%～12%的残淀、60%以上的水分和一定量的糠壳外,还含有一定量的酸、酯、醇、醛等有机物质,有利于微生物的生长.用丢糟代替部分小麦生产大曲试验结果表明,丢糟曲的糖化力、液化力比大曲高,丢糟曲感官和理化指标表明其质量均达到一级曲的质量标准.用丢糟制曲有利于对于筛选、驯良微生物菌种,防止杂菌侵入,提高了曲的酶活力,降低制曲生产成本.(孙悟)     

黄水丢糟制曲初步研究

按不同比例同时添加黄水、丢糟制曲,对所制大曲的感官指标、理化指标和微生物指标进行分析,结果表明,添加了黄水和丢糟的大曲与纯小麦大曲的主要理化指标接近,但水分含量和液化力较低。总体上,同时添加黄水及丢糟制曲的最适添加比例分别为黄水8%、丢糟6%。     

添加丢糟生产酱油大曲的效果研究

通过对添加曲酒丢糟生产酱油大曲的效果研究,并对影响成曲质量和酱油品质的工艺条件(培曲时间、温度)进行了探讨。比较了改良曲与传统曲的性能优势及所产酱油的质量指标差异,确定了丢糟的最佳加入量为10%,培曲的时间24h,最适温度33℃。     

大曲丢糟代替米糠生产小曲的效果研究

通过对曲酒丢糟代替米糠生产小曲的效果研究,并对影响小曲出酒率和品质的工艺条件(培曲时间、温度)作了深入的探讨。确定了丢糟的最佳加入量为10%;培曲的时间是5d,温度是26℃。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the