空时格码和OFDM系统联合建模及性能分析

发射端分集、编码和调制结合空时格码，可以有效地提高信号在无线衰落信道中传输的有效性和可靠性；在正交频分复用调制OFDM(Omiogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)系统中应用空时格码可以有效地对抗多径干扰，提高系统容量，适合于在高速无线数据通信中采用。本文详细地说明了它们结合的基础，进而构造了一个基于空时格码的OFDM系统模型，并分析了在高斯信道下的系统性能。     

采用分组线性星座预编码OFDM的分层空时传送方式及其迭代接收

本文在设计多输入多输出系统时融合了分层空时结构和空时码的设计思想,在接收端联合采用了随机分层空时编码和分组线性星座预编码OFDM多载波发送方式;并在接收端采用了迭代接收机.仿真结果表明本文提出的方案能充分利用多输入多输出频率选择性信道提供的多径和空间分集度,同时保持了分层空时结构的高数据速率的特性.     

基于OFMD的改进Turbo码图像传输系统应用

研究了正交频分复用（OFDM）技术以及Turbo编码技术在图像传输中的应用,并对利用OFDM改进的Turbo码图像传输系统进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,把OFDM技术和Turbo编码技术结合应用到无线信道图像传输中可以实现图像的更加可靠的传输。从而表明OFDM是一种改进Turbo编码,是实现图像的高速传输和高频谱利用率的有效方法。     

多径信道下基于OFDM的DSTBC异步协同系统传输结构设计

协同的基本思想是通过无线网络中多个节点的互相协作来获得协同分集,从而提高系统的可靠性。将分布式空时块码(DSTBC)应用到协同中继系统中,可有效提高系统效率并获得协同分集。但是各中继节点的异步传输会破坏DSTBC码字的结构,严重影响系统性能。现有文献应用OFDM技术,可以保证基于DSTBC的协同系统在中继节点异步传输时仍获得全空间分集。但是,现有传输结构是在节点间为平衰落信道的前提下设计的,且不能直接扩展到多径衰落的情况。另外,其对应的码字需要满足一定的约束条件,限制了DSTBC在该结构下的应用。本文提出了一种新的基于OFDM的DSTBC传输结构,在节点间为多径信道和存在定时误差时,可以获得全空间分集。而且,所有可应用于同步协同系统下的码字都可以应用于此传输结构中,不需要满足额外的条件。理论分析和仿真结果表明,本文的传输结构在节点间为多径信道时可获得与现有基于OFDM的DSTBC异步协同系统在平衰落信道下一致的性能。然后,针对两中继的系统,在此传输结构的基础上,在源节点进行子载波分组和线性预编码处理,可以在获得全空间分集的同时获得全多径分集。      

采用子载波分组和空时码的随机映射MIMO OFDM系统

本文提出了一种在子载波分组上进行空时编码的随机信号映射MIMO OFDM系统.采用已有的快衰落信道上的空时码在每个分组上编码,随机映射后在多个天线上发送,接收端就能够获得大部分的空间和频率分集.仿真表明系统在MIMO多径衰落信道中能够获得好的性能.     

基于Turbo码的MIMO?OFDM检测系统的研究与设计

在MIMO?OFDM系统中,分层空时编码技术可以有效地提高空间复用增益,但是由于其译码层是相互独立的,因此系统编码增益并不高,而基于迭代法译码的Turbo码具有良好的编码增益,因此,提出采用联合分层空时编码技术和Turbo迭代解码原理的MIMO?OFDM检测系统,通过仿真实验验证,该系统不仅可以提高MIMO?OFDM系统的性能,在频率选择性衰落信道下该系统也具有良好的可靠性。     

OFDM系统中子信道联合预编码技术的信号检测算法研究

正交频分复用技术将多径衰落信道划分为多个相对平坦的子信道,使得接收机在信道估计等恢复技术上复杂度大大降低。OFDM系统采用子信道联合预编码技术能有效解决由于成片子载波衰落引起的数据丢失问题。由于独立信道的线性预编码技术在发送端不需要信道反馈信息,因此降低了发送设备复杂度,减少了系统延时,该编码方案适用于从用户端到基站的数据传输。通过理论分析推导了当系统采用独立信道的线性预编码技术时,接收端不能采用迫零均衡(ZF)的线性检测算法,实验仿真表明,当采用迫零均衡检测算法时,当且仅当预编码矩阵为酉矩阵时系统能达到未经预编码系统的性能。     

线性预编码OFDM系统的迭代接收机

线性预编码是OFDM系统在频率选择性衰落信道中利用频率分集的有效方法.为了进一步提高性能,本文提出了一种线性预编码OFDM系统的迭代接收机,该迭代接收机采用基于线性最小均方误差准则(LMMSE)的turbo均衡算法及其简化方法,具有很低的计算复杂度.本文同时还提出通过使用长度不小于等效离散时间信道的时延扩展长度的线性预编码器和迭代接收机,可获得完全的频率分集增益.仿真表明本文提出的方法在多径干扰严重的信道条件下的误码率性能接近AWGN下界.     

空时码在频率选择性信道下的编码方案及性能比较

利用空时编码可以获得空间分集,空时码与OFDM结合可以使空时码应用于频率选择性信道。分析和比较了两种空时编码在频率选择性信道下OFDM相结合的编码方法。计算机仿真结果显示了不同信道条件下两种编码方法的性能差异。     

基于LDPC编码及LS估计的OFDM系统

OFDM具有并行数据传输与子信道交叠的特性，在无线局域网、HDTV中得到广泛应用。LDPC作为一种具有良好纠错能力的分组编码方案，性能几乎接近Shannon极限。本文给出一个基于LDPC编码，线性LS信道估计的OFDM系统，兼有两者的优点。     

Linear block precoding for OFDM systems based on maximization of mean cutoff rate

A new linear block precoding technique is proposed to improve the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems. The design of our precoder is based on the maximization of the mean cutoff rate and requires only the knowledge of the average relative channel multipath powers and delays at the transmitter. Simulation results show an improved performance of the proposed precoder relative to other known linear block precoding techniques.     

Spatial-Doppler domain precoding for orthogonal time frequency space modulation with rake detector

The orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) transmission scheme was shown to outperform orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) under the doubly dispersive channel. In this paper, the linear precoding is studied for multiple-input and multiple-out (MIMO) OTFS systems, in which a spatial-Doppler domain singular value decomposition (SVD) precoding scheme is proposed. At the transmitter, the Doppler domain symbols from different spatial streams are precoded before projected onto multiple antennas for transmission. At the receiver, multipath components of the transmitted symbols in the delay-Doppler grid are combined by using maximal ratio combining (MRC) strategy, so as to achieve the multipath diversity gain and increase the reception reliability. The achievable rate and complexity of the proposed scheme are analyzed, revealing that it can increase the achievable rate while reducing the detector complexity as well. The simulation results confirm that the SVD-based precoding significantly enhances the error performance of the MIMO-OTFS with MRC-based detector.     

Precoding for Orthogonal Space–Time Block-Coded OFDM Downlink: Mean or Covariance Feedback?

This paper presents linear and nonlinear precoding design for error-rate improvement in orthogonal space–time block-coded (OSTBC) multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexed (OFDM) downlink, where both the conditional mean of the channel gain matrix and the channel gain covariance matrix may be available at the transmitter. The conditional means of the channel matrix are derived for a general transmit-antenna-correlated frequency-selective fading MIMO channel with estimation errors and feedback delay. Mean-feedback linear precoding and nonlinear Tomlinson–Harashima precoding (THP) are developed to maximize the signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR). The intuition that when the mean feedback becomes accurate the mean-feedback precoding outperforms covariance precoding is confirmed. Dual-mode precoding is also proposed, in which the novel mean-feedback precoding or covariance precoding is adaptively chosen at the receiver. The precoding-mode switching metric is the maximized SNR, which is an indicator of the error rate. The receiver calculates its metric, selects the mode that achieves a higher SNR, and decides whether mean feedback is necessary. Our proposed precoders (both mean feedback and adaptive) significantly reduce the system error rate. Nonlinear precoding is shown to outperform linear precoding. Adaptive precoding outperforms both mean-feedback precoding and covariance precoding if individually applied in OSTBC OFDM.      

Peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction in space–time coded MIMO‐OFDM via preprocessing

In this paper, we propose a trellis exploration algorithm based preprocessing strategy to lower the peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) of precoded MIMO‐OFDM. We first illustrate the degradation in PAPR due to optimal linear precoding in MIMO‐OFDM systems. Then we propose two forms of multi‐layer precoding (MLP) schemes to reduce PAPR. In both schemes, the inner‐layer precoder is designed to optimize system capacity/BER performance. In the first MLP scheme (MLP‐I), a common outer‐layer polyphase precoding matrix is employed. In the second MLP scheme (MLP‐II), data stream corresponding to every transmit antenna is precoded with a different outer‐layer polyphase precoding matrix. Both outer‐layer precoders are custom designed using the trellis exploration algorithm by applying the aperiodic autocorrelation of OFDM data symbols as the metric to minimize. Simulation results indicate that both MLP schemes show superior PAPR performance over conventional MIMO‐OFDM with and without precoding. In addition, MLP better exploits frequency diversity resulting in BER performance gains in multi‐path environments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Space-frequency-Doppler coded OFDM over the time-varying Doppler fading channels

In this paper, space-frequency-Doppler coded OFDM (SFDO-OFDM) scheme over the time-varying Doppler fading channels via the time-frequency duality is proposed. Based on the basis expansion model (BEM) and the time-frequency duality, through the circulant matrix diagonalized processing, the nonlinear time-varying Doppler fading channel is dually converted to the virtual frequency-selective linear channels. With OFDM module, subgrouping the subcarriers in OFDM through the block matrix method and fatherly general complex orthogonal coding (GCOD) on each corresponding block subcarriers, SFDO-OFDM codes for the general multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is thus constructed. And concatenating it with the signal constellation precoding, full maximum diversity gains including the inherent Doppler fading are achieved. Theoretical analysis and corroborating simulation results demonstrate that, comparing with existing Doppler coding alternatives, the proposed scheme can effectively and robustly combat the Doppler fading with high bandwidth efficiency and even lower bit error ratio (BER).     

Subspace-based (semi-) blind channel estimation for block precodedspace-time OFDM

Space time coding has by now been well documented as an attractive means of achieving high data rate transmissions with diversity and coding gains, provided that the underlying propagation channels can be accounted for. We rely on redundant linear precoding to develop a (semi-)blind channel estimation algorithm for space time (ST) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions with Alamouti's (see IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.16, p.1451-58, Oct. 1998) block code applied on each subcarrier. We establish that multichannel identifiability is guaranteed up to one or two scalar ambiguities, regardless of the channel zero locations and the underlying signal constellations, when distinct or identical precoders are employed for even and odd indexed symbol blocks. With known pilots inserted either before or after precoding, we resolve the residual scalar ambiguities and show that distinct precoders require half the number of pilots than identical precoders to achieve the same channel estimation accuracy. Simulation results confirm our theoretical analysis and illustrate that the proposed semi-blind algorithm is capable of tracking slow channel variations and improving the overall system performance relative to competing differential ST alternatives     

Recursive and Trellis-Based Feedback Reduction for MIMO-OFDM with Rate-Limited Feedback

We investigate an adaptive MIMO-OFDM system with a feedback link that can only convey a finite number of bits. We consider three different transmitter configurations: i) beamforming applied per OFDM subcarrier, ii) precoded spatial multiplexing applied per subcarrier, and iii) precoded orthogonal space time block coding applied per subcarrier. Depending on the channel realization, the receiver selects the optimal beamforming vector or precoding matrix from a finite-size codebook on each subcarrier, and informs the transmitter through finite-rate feedback. Exploiting the fact that the channel responses across OFDM subcarriers are correlated, we propose two methods to reduce the amount of feedback. One is recursive feedback encoding that selects the optimal beamforming/precoding choices sequentially across the subcarriers, and adopts a smaller-size time-varying codebook per subcarrier depending on prior decisions. The other is trellis-based feedback encoding that selects the optimal decisions for all subcarriers at once along a trellis structure via the Viterbi algorithm. Our methods are applicable to different transmitter configurations in a unified fashion. Simulation results demonstrate that the trellis-based approach outperforms the recursive method as well as an existing interpolation-based alternative at high signal-to-noise-ratio, as the latter suffers from "diversity loss"     

VLM Precoded SLM Technique for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is perhaps the most spectrally efficient, robust transmission technique discovered so far for communication systems, and it also mitigates the problem of multipath environment. High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) has always been a major drawback of the OFDM systems. In this article, a new precoding technique has been proposed based on Vandermonde-like matrix (VLM) and selective mapping (SLM) to reduce PAPR in OFDM systems. VLM precoding reduces the autocorrelation of the input sequences while SLM takes an advantage of the fact that the PAPR is very sensitive to phase shifts of the signal. The main advantage of this proposed scheme is to achieve a significant reduction in PAPR without increasing the system complexity. Computer simulations show that, the proposed method outperforms the existing precoding techniques without degrading the error performance of the system.     

Rateless coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing system design based on intercarrier interference self‐cancelation

In this paper, we consider a rateless coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system under a quasistatic fading channel. During each transmission round, transmitter keeps transmitting to the receiver using Raptor code until the receiver feeds back an acknowledgement (ACK). On the other hand, frequency offset between the transmitter and receiver ruins the orthogonality of OFDM subcarriers and cause intercarrier interference (ICI). We resort to ICI self‐cancelation precoding to combat ICI, wherein the data symbol vectors are multiplied with some precoding matrix before transmission. To improve the system robustness, we jointly optimize the precoding matrix and the degree profile of Raptor code, with only statistical channel state information (CSI) being assumed at the transmitter. The optimization problem is formulated based on the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) analysis of the decoding process at the receiver. The advantage of the proposed design is that the instant CSI is not required at the transmitter, which reduces the system overhead. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme with the optimized precoding matrix and degree profile can effectively combat ICI and achieve good performance both in bit error ratio (BER) and average transmission rate.