Hydrodechlorination of CCl4 over Pt/Al2O3: effects of platinum particle size on product distribution

The impregnated platinum catalysts showed various platinum particle sizes depending on the nature of the platinum precursors (Pt(NH₃)₂(NO₂)₂ versus H₂PtCl₆) and on the pH of the Al₂O₃ suspension. The average platinum particle size increased with decrease in pH of the suspension in case of Pt(NH₃)₂(NO₂)₂, but this trend was vice versa for H₂PtCl₆. The product distribution in hydrodechlorination (HDC) of CCl₄ varied greatly with the platinum particle size; the larger the platinum particle size was, the higher was the selectivity to CHCl₃. To elucidate the origin of this platinum particle size effect on product distribution, CO chemisorption, NH₃ and CO₂ temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR), Fourier-transformed-infrared spectra (FT-IR) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) experiments were carried out. The formation of completely dechlorinated CH₄ was favorable owing to the strong chemisorption of CCl₄ on the small platinum particles characterized by low surface coordination numbers and by an electron-deficient property. The nature of carbonaceous species formed on platinum surface at the beginning of reaction also varied greatly with platinum particle sizes and changes of electronic state of platinum particles affected catalytic activity and products’ distribution.     

Hydrocarbon synthesis through CO2 hydrogenation over CuZnOZrO2/zeolite hybrid catalysts

Direct syntheses of hydrocarbons from CO₂ hydrogenation were investigated over hybrid catalysts consisting of methanol synthesis catalyst (CuZnOZrO₂) and zeolites (MFI and SAPO). The yield of hydrocarbons was strongly depending upon the amount of zeolite's acid sites as measured by NH₃ TPD, while the product distributions were hardly affected by the change of acidity. The main product was ethane in the case of MFI hybrid catalyst and C₃ or C₄ hydrocarbon in the case of SAPO hybrid catalyst. This difference in product distribution was attributed to different mechanism of hydrocarbon formation. Investigation based on the ethene co-reaction suggested that the consecutive mechanism operated for HZSM-5 and the carbon pool mechanism for SAPO.     

CO and CO2 hydrogenation study on supported cobalt Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts

The conversion of CO/H₂, CO₂/H₂ and (CO+CO₂)/H₂ mixtures using cobalt catalysts under typical Fischer–Tropsch synthesis conditions has been carried out. The results show that in the presence of CO, CO₂ hydrogenation is slow. For the cases of only CO or only CO₂ hydrogenation, similar catalytic activities were obtained but the selectivities were very different. For CO hydrogenation, normal Fischer–Tropsch synthesis product distributions were observed with an of about 0.80; in contrast, the CO₂ hydrogenation products contained about 70% or more of methane. Thus, CO₂ and CO hydrogenation appears to follow different reaction pathways. The catalyst deactivates more rapidly for the conversion of CO than for CO₂ even though the H₂O/H₂ ratio is at least two times larger for the conversion of CO₂. Since the catalyst ages more slowly in the presence of the higher H₂O/H₂ conditions, it is concluded that water alone does not account for the deactivation and that there is a deactivation pathway that involves the assistance of CO.     

The reactions of possible intermediates in the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by hydrocarbons

The reactions of formamide and nitromethane, two possible intermediates in the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by methane, have been studied over Co-ZSM5, H-ZSM5 and Cu-ZSM5. Formamide, a possible surrogate for nitrosomethane, reacts completely below 250°C over Co-ZSM5 with formation of NH₃ and CO by one route and HCN and H₂O by another. Inclusion of NO causes partial conversion of NH₃ to N₂ at 300°C. H-ZSM5 behaves similarly but with a higher conversion of NH₃ in the presence of NO. Cu-ZSM5 gives CO₂ and N₂ alone, apparently because of its high oxidation activity. The reaction of nitromethane over H-ZSM5 is similar to that previously established for Co-ZSM5 with NH₃ and CO₂ as the initial products and subsequent N₂ formation by the NH₃-SCR reaction. Again N₂ formation is more extensive with H-ZSM5 than Co-ZSM5 when NO is present while Cu-ZSM5 gives only CO₂ and N₂. Deactivation is characteristic of the reaction of nitromethane over all three zeolites at temperatures below ≈280°C with eventual breakthrough of isocyanic acid (HNCO) as a product. In situ FTIR measurements with H-ZSM5 indicate that deactivation is due to reactions of HNCO to form deposits of s-triazine compounds which can be removed by NO₂. The overall conclusion is that nitromethane and formamide, and by inference nitrosomethane, react in ways which are consistent with the possibility that species of these types could be intermediates in the methane-SCR reaction over zeolite catalysts. Distinction between them is possible only with catalysts of low oxidation capability when CO formation is consistent with the involvement of nitrosomethane and CO₂ formation with that of nitromethane.     

Control of the product ratio of CO2/(CO+CO2) and inhibition of catalyst deactivation for steam reforming of gasoline to produce hydrogen

Factors controlling the product ratio of CO₂/(CO+CO₂) and methods for inhibiting deactivation of catalyst for steam reforming of gasoline were studied. Syngas (H₂+CO) as major product was produced on Ni-Mo/Al₂O₃ and the major product on Ni-Re/Al₂O₃ was H₂ and CO₂ at the same reaction conditions. Hydrogen with a high CO₂/(CO+CO₂) ratio of about 92% was produced by coupling reaction of steam reforming and water gas shift on Ni-Re/Al₂O₃ catalyst at 805 K. The multifunctional activity of the bimetallic catalyst of Ni-Re/Al₂O₃ and the suitable reaction temperature were of crucial significance for the coupling reaction. Although no deactivation could be observed on both Ni-Mo/Al₂O₃ and Ni-Re/Al₂O₃ catalysts for steam reforming of sulfur-free fuels in about 200 h of time on stream, the activity and sulfur-tolerance of Ni-Re/Al₂O₃ was much better than the values of Ni-Mo/Al₂O₃ for steam reforming of sulfur-containing fuels because of the unique role of rhenium in the Ni-Re catalyst. The unique role of rhenium in Ni-Re catalyst was mainly because of alloying of rhenium with nickel to form bimetallic Ni-Re sites and interaction of rhenium with sulfur to form S-Re binds. The sulfur-tolerance of Ni-Re/Al₂O₃ for steam reforming of sulfur-containing gasoline was improved further by addition of a small amount of ZSM-5. The activity and sulfur-tolerance of Ni-Mo/Al₂O₃ was also enhanced by the addition of ZSM-5.     

甲醇合成催化剂的工艺参数优化及反应机理探讨

对自主研制的甲醇合成催化剂进行工艺参数优化,同时根据实验结果对合成气条件下甲醇合成的反应机理进行探讨。实验采用16通道反应器,考察反应温度和接触时间对合成甲醇反应速率的影响,确定适宜的催化剂工艺条件。结果表明,在较长接触时间下,随着温度的升高,CO转化率、H_2转化率和甲醇相对含量先升高后降低,CO_2转化率降低。在较低温度下,CO_2转化率随接触时间延长基本不变,表明甲醇中碳元素主要来自于CO,而CO_2浓度处于水汽变换反应与加氢形成甲醇反应之间的平衡状态。     

Characterization and catalytic activity of soft-templated NiO-CeO2 mixed oxides for CO and CO2 co-methanation

Nanosized NiO,CeO₂ and NiO-CeO₂ mixed oxides with different Ni/Ce molar ratios were prepared by the soft template method.All the samples were characterized by different techniques as to their chemical composition,structure,morphology and texture.On the catalysts submitted to the same reduction pretreatment adopted for the activity tests the surface basic properties and specific metal surface area were also determined.NiO and CeO₂ nanocrystals of about 4 nm in size were obtained,regardless of the Ni/Ce molar ratio.The Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results proved the formation of defective sites at the NiO-CeO₂ interface,where Ni species are in strong interaction with the support.The microcalorimetric and Fourier transform infrared analyses of the reduced samples highlighted that,unlike metallic nickel,CeO₂ is able to effectively adsorb CO₂,forming carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.After reduction in H2 at 400°C for 1 h,the catalytic performance was studied in the CO and CO₂ co-methanation reaction.Catalytic tests were performed at atmospheric pressure and 300°C,using CO/CO₂/H₂ molar compositions of 1/1/7 or 1/1/5,and space velocities equal to 72000 or 450000 cm³?h^-1?gcat^-1.Whereas CO was almost completely hydrogenated in any investigated experimental conditions,CO₂ conversion was strongly affected by both the CO/CO₂/H₂ ratio and the space velocity.The faster and definitely preferred CO hydrogenation was explained in the light of the different mechanisms of CO and CO₂ methanation.On a selected sample,the influence of the reaction temperature and of a higher number of space velocity values,as well as the stability,were also studied.Provided that the Ni content is optimized,the NiCe system investigated was very promising,being highly active for the CO_x co-methanation reaction in a wide range of operating conditions and stable(up to 50 h)also when submitted to thermal stress.     

Performance of catalytic reactors for the hydrogenation of CO2 to hydrocarbons

Fluidized bed and slurry reactors were employed to increase the CO₂ conversion and desirable product selectivity in the direct hydrogenation of CO₂ to hydrocarbons over K-promoted iron catalysts, as it is beneficial for the removal of heat generated due to highly exothermic nature of the reaction. The iron catalysts (Fe-K/Al₂O₃ and Fe-Cu-Al-K) were characterized by BET surface area, CO₂ and H₂ chemisorption, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed hydrogenation (TPH). The results of TPR and TPH study clearly indicated that co-precipitated Fe-Cu-Al-K catalyst has much higher reducibility and catalytic activity of CO₂ hydrogenation at low temperature than Fe-K/Al₂O₃. The performance of fluidized bed or slurry reactors was superior to that of fixed bed reactor for the CO₂ hydrogenation over Fe-Cu-Al-K catalyst in terms of CO₂ conversion and hydrocarbon productivity. Moreover, light olefins and heavy hydrocarbons were selectively synthesized in fluidized bed and slurry reactors, respectively. The optimum operation conditions and the effects of operating variables on the CO₂ conversion and its product distribution in these catalytic reactors were also discussed.     

Characterization and reactivity of pure TiO2–SO4 SCR catalyst: influence of SO4 content

The kinetics of the reaction of NO, N₂O and CO₂ with activated carbon without catalyst and impregnated with a precursor salt of vanadium (ammonium monovanadate) was investigated. The conversion of NO, N₂O and CO₂ was studied (450–900°C) using a TGA apparatus and a fixed bed reactor. The reactor effluents were analysed using a GC/MS on line. The addition of vanadium increased carbon reactivity and adsorption at lower temperatures. For NO and N₂O conversion the main products obtained were N₂, N₂O, CO and CO₂ but for CO₂ conversion only CO was detected. In situ XRD was a useful tool for interpreting catalyst behaviour and identifying phases present during reaction conditions. The catalytic effect of vanadium can be explained by the occurrence of redox processes in which the catalyst is reduced to lower oxidation states such as V₂O₅/V₆O₁₃.     

Production of hydrogen via partial oxidation of methanol over Au/TiO2 catalysts

Selective production of hydrogen by partial oxidation of methanol (CH₃OH + (1/2)O₂ → 2H₂ + CO₂) over Au/TiO₂ catalysts, prepared by a deposition–precipitation method, was studied. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, and XPS analyses. TEM observations show that the Au/TiO₂ catalysts exhibit hemispherical gold particles, which are strongly attached to the metal oxide support at their flat planes. The size of the gold particles decreases from 3.5 to 1.9 nm during preparation of the catalysts with the rise in pH from 6 to 9 and increases from 2.9 to 4.3 nm with the rise in calcination temperature up to 673 K. XPS analyses demonstrate that in uncalcined catalysts gold existed in three different states: i.e., metallic gold (Au⁰), non-metallic gold (Au^δ+) and Au₂O₃, and in catalysts calcined at 573 K only in metallic state. The catalytic activity is strongly dependent on the gold particle size. The catalyst precipitated at pH 8 and uncalcined catalysts show the highest activity for hydrogen generation. The partial pressure of oxygen plays an important role in determining the product distribution. There is no carbon monoxide detected when the O₂/CH₃OH molar ratio in the feed is 0.3. Both hydrogen selectivity and methanol conversion increase with increasing the reaction temperature. The reaction pathway is suggested to consist of consecutive methanol combustion, partial oxidation and steam reforming.     

胺功能化MIL-101(Cr)@SiO_2@Fe_3O_4催化剂及其Knoevenagel反应性能

采用溶剂热法在纳米SiO_2@Fe_3O_4磁性颗粒表面原位合成MIL-101(Cr),制备磁性MIL-101(Cr)@SiO_2@Fe_3O_4催化剂。采用甲胺、乙二胺和丁二胺对制备的磁性催化剂进行功能化,得到胺功能化NH2-MIL-101(Cr)@SiO_2@Fe_3O_4催化剂。利用XRD、FT-IR、BET、SEM、TEM和VSM等对催化剂结构进行表征,评价胺功能化NH2-MIL-101(Cr)@SiO_2@Fe_3O_4催化剂对糠醛和氰乙酸乙酯Knoevenagel缩合反应性能和重复使用性能,考察反应条件与催化性能的关系。结果表明,制备的新型胺功能化NH2-MIL-101(Cr)@SiO_2@Fe_3O_4催化剂具有MIL-101(Cr)的结构特征和良好的超顺磁性能,对糠醛和氰乙酸乙酯Knoevenagel缩合反应表现出很好的催化性能,其中,乙二胺功能化30%MIL-101(Cr)@SiO_2@Fe_3O_4催化剂对Knoevenagel缩合反应的性能最佳,在反应温度40℃和反应时间1 h条件下,氰乙酸乙酯转化率为97. 0%,产物选择性接近100%。反应后磁性催化剂可以通过外磁场容易进行分离,重复使用5次,氰乙酸乙酯转化率仍大于93%。     

Au基MOFs双功能催化剂的制备及其催化CO2与苯胺/H2反应性能

以UiO-66(Zr)、MIL-100(Fe)、MIL-100(Cr)、MIL-101(Cr)、NH 2-MIL-101(Al)为载体,Au为活性组分,制备Au/UiO-66(Zr)、Au/MIL-100(Fe)、Au/MIL-100(Cr)、Au/MIL-101(Cr)、Au/NH 2-MIL-101(Al)双功能催化剂。采用XRD、BET、NH 3-TPD、HRTEM等表征催化剂的结构,在釜式反应器中评价催化剂对CO 2与苯胺/H 2反应生成N-甲基苯胺与N,N-二甲基苯胺的N-甲基化反应性能,考察反应条件对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明,催化剂的XRD特征衍射峰与相应MOFs的模拟特征峰基本一致;负载Au后催化剂仍具有高的比表面积和大的孔容、孔径;不同MOFs负载Au的催化剂具有不同的酸强度和酸量;Au纳米粒子的分散性很好,粒径为(3~7)nm。制备的催化剂均具有催化CO2与苯胺/H2的N-甲基化反应性能,其中质量分数2%Au/MIL-101(Cr)催化剂催化性能最好,苯胺转化率为45.26%,N-甲基苯胺和N,N-二甲基苯胺选择性分别为73.50%和26.50%,重复使用性能优异。     

The simultaneous activation of methane and carbon dioxide to C2 hydrocarbons under pulse corona plasma over La2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst

The pulse corona plasma has been used as an activation method for reaction of methane and carbon dioxide, the product was C₂ hydrocarbons and by-products were CO and H₂. Methane conversion and the yield of C₂ hydrocarbons were affected by the carbon dioxide concentration in the feed. The conversion of methane increased with increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the feed whereas the yield of C₂ hydrocarbons decreased. The synergism of La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ and plasma gave methane conversion of 24.9% and C₂ hydrocarbons yield of 18.1% were obtained at the power input of plasma was 30 W. The distribution of C₂ hydrocarbons changed by using Pd-La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst, the major C₂ product was ethylene.     

CO/CO2加氢高选择性合成化学品和液体燃料

一氧化碳/二氧化碳（CO/CO₂）转化利用是碳一化学与CO₂捕集利用中的重要环节,也是当今碳资源的非石油路线利用最具挑战性的方向之一。CO₂的高效活化与定向转化是CO₂利用过程中的关键问题,而CO加氢转化最大的瓶颈问题为如何有效控制C-O键的活化、C—C键的形成、碳链增长及终止。本文主要综述 CO/CO₂加氢高选择性合成重要化工原料低碳烯烃（C₂ ⁼～C₄ ⁼）以及一步高效合成汽油馏分（C₅～C₁₁）等方面取得的突破性进展。目前,CO/CO₂加氢主要经过费托合成与氧化物/分子筛双功能两条路线合成低碳烯烃与汽油燃料。针对费托合成C₂ ⁼～C₄ ⁼,分析表明棱柱状碳化钴得到的烃类产物分布可以显著突破Anderson-Schulz-Flory（ASF）分布的限制,而分子筛已被广泛用于构建双功能费托催化剂,由于酸性分子筛具有加氢裂化、低聚与异构化等功能,使得CO/CO₂还可以直接高选择性地转化为C₅～C₁₁烃类。另一方面,将可以活化CO或CO₂到甲醇的可还原型氧化物与具有C—C偶联功能的SAPO-34或HZSM-5分子筛进行耦合,也可以实现CO/CO₂加氢一步合成低碳烯烃或汽油且具有非常优异的选择性和高转化率。今后,借鉴纳米合成领域新方法,使产物分布打破经典ASF限制,最大限度地提高目标烃类化合物的选择性并显著减少甲烷的生成是研究关键。     

CO/CO2加氢制芳烃的研究进展

将CO/CO₂直接转化为芳烃是一种极具挑战性的非石油路线合成途径。本文主要对CO/CO₂通过不同反应途径制取芳烃过程中复合催化剂的开发和反应机理的研究进展进行了综述。阐述了利用反应耦合思想,构筑的复合催化剂在CO/CO₂的高效转化和产物调控等方面取得了突破性的进展。重点介绍了复合催化剂用于CO加氢制芳烃主要的两种反应途径,活性金属的类别、分子筛的结构与酸性和活性组分的组装方式与接触度对CO₂加氢制芳烃催化性能的影响。指出协同加氢与芳构化反应活性的匹配是影响催化剂性能的关键。提出开发高效稳定的催化剂用于提高CO/CO₂的转化率和芳烃产物的产率以及反应机理的探索仍然是未来研究的重点。     

A study on the characteristics of the SO2 reduction using coal gas over SnO2-ZrO2 catalysts

SO₂, which is an air pollutant causing acid rain and smog, can be converted into elemental sulfur in direct sulfur recovery process (DSRP). SO₂ reduction was performed over catalyst in DSRP. In this study, SnO₂-ZrO₂ catalysts were prepared by a co-precipitation method, and CO and coal gas, which contains H₂, CO, CO₂ and H₂O, were used as reductants. The reactivity profile of the SO₂ reduction over the catalysts was investigated at the various reaction conditions as follows: reaction temperature of 300–550 °C, space velocity of 5000–30,000 cm³/g_-cat. h, [reductant]/[SO₂] molar ratio of 1.0–4.0 and Sn/Zr molar ratio of SnO₂-ZrO₂ catalysts 0/1, 2/8, 3/5, 5/5, 2/1, 3/1, 4/1 and 1/0. SnO₂-ZrO₂ (Sn/Zr = 2/1) catalyst showed the best performance for the SO₂ reduction in DSRP on the basis of our experimental results. The optimized reaction temperature and space velocity were 325 °C and 10,000 cm³/g_-cat. h, respectively. The optimal molar ratio of [reductant]/[SO₂] varied with the reductants, that is, 2.0 for CO and 2.5 for coal gas. SO₂ conversion of 98% and sulfur yield of 78% were achieved with the coal gas.     

The CO–H2 and CO–H2O reactions over TiO2 nanotubes filled with Pt metal nanoparticles

We have investigated the catalytic behavior of Pt encapsulated TiO₂ nanotubes for the water gas shift reaction as well as the hydrogenation of CO. Pt–TiO₂ nanotube catalysts were prepared by employing fine fiber shaped crystals of [Pt(NH₃)₄](HCO₃)₂ complex as a structure determining template material. The turnover frequencies (TOF) of these nanotube catalysts were more than one order of magnitude larger than conventional impregnation Pt/TiO₂ catalysts, and the selectivity for methanol in CO–H₂ reaction was extraordinary high compared to the impregnation catalysts. The XPS and XRD analyses of the nanotubes revealed characteristic electronic state of reduced TiO₂ (Ti³⁺ in rutile structure) with zerovalent Pt even after the calcination at 773 K. In WGS reaction, electron rich Ti³⁺ on the nanotube wall may play an important role to activate water molecules for the oxidation of CO. In CO–H₂ reaction, similar promotion effect of Ti³⁺ species may be operating for selective methanol formation by supplying active OH(a).     

Methanol formation from methane partial oxidation in CH4–O2–NO gaseous phase at atmospheric pressure

The reaction condition for high yield of methanol in a gaseous reaction between methane and oxygen in the presence of NO at atmospheric pressure was explored. Methane partial oxidation without NO (CH₄–O₂) gave only 1% conversion of methane at 966 K. The addition of NO led to a remarkable increase in methane conversion and to high selectivity to C₁-oxygenates. The conversion of methane attained 10% at 808 K in the presence of NO (0.5%) where the selectivities to methanol and formaldehyde were 22.1 and 24.1%, respectively. Nitromethane and carbon oxides were also observed in the product gas. The amount of nitromethane was almost equal and/or near to that of initial NO. The carbon monoxide produced was several times higher than carbon dioxide. Influences of NO concentration, ratio of methane to oxygen, water vapor, and dilution with helium gas on product distribution were measured. Low concentration of NO (0.35–0.55%) was favorable for methanol formation. High selectivity to methanol was obtained at low value of the ratio of methane to oxygen (2.0–3.0) or low concentration of dilution gas (<16%). The NO₂ added promoted methane partial oxidation and selectivity to methanol. Therefore, it was assured that NO_x promoted the formation of CH₃√ and CH₃O√ in the gas phase reaction for CH₄–O₂–NO.     

CO2合成醇酯类化学品和高分子材料研究进展

我国作为煤炭大国,燃烧化石燃料产生大量CO₂。通过化学作用将CO₂转化为能源燃料、基础化学品或高分子材料,有利于实现碳氧资源综合利用。从CO₂直接利用和间接利用的角度出发,分别综述了CO₂资源化利用研究进展。直接利用方面,重点阐述了CO₂直接加氢合成甲醇和乙醇;同时CO₂可作为羰化剂合成有机碳酸酯和高分子材料,包括碳酸二乙酯、聚碳酸酯和CO₂基可降解聚合物。在间接利用方面,重点综述了CO₂经碳酸乙烯酯的酯交换反应合成碳酸二甲酯,以及碳酸乙烯酯加氢制备甲醇联产乙二醇的研究进展。CO₂加氢直接合成甲醇催化剂主要包括铜基催化剂、贵金属催化剂,由于贵金属的成本高,廉价的Cu基催化剂研究较为广泛。CO₂加氢直接合成乙醇研究较广泛的催化剂为贵金属(Rh、Pd、Ru)基催化剂体系,还需进一步研究廉价、高活性和高稳定性的催化剂。CO₂与乙醇直接合成碳酸二乙酯(DEC)研究较多的催化剂为铈基多相催化剂,但由于生成物中水分的影响,限制了DEC的收率。环氧化物和CO₂耦合反应生成DEC过程中不产生水,可以有效克服热力学的限制,因此高能化合物与CO₂的耦合路线是高效制备DEC的有效途径。CO₂与环氧化物共聚制备聚碳酸酯材料多采用稀土三元催化剂体系,环氧化物的转化率和聚碳酸酯选择性较高,目前已经实现工业应用。CO₂通过碳酸乙烯酯与甲醇酯交换合成DMC,多使用碱性较强的催化剂和含碱性基团的离子交换树脂。CO₂经碳酸乙烯酯加氢制备甲醇和乙二醇的反应中,铜基催化剂展现出优异的催化性能。CO₂化学转化利用是CO₂碳氧资源综合利用的重要途径,将有效支撑我国未来碳中和目标实现。     

富钙溶液中萃取与反应耦合强化CO2矿化过程

提出一种溶剂萃取与Ca²⁺碳酸化的耦合反应过程,以三丁胺为萃取剂将HCl从水相萃取到有机相,在固定CO₂的同时实现CaCl₂的碳酸化,副产碳酸钙与氯化铵。实验结果显示,超过98%的Ca²⁺在1400s内沉淀为碳酸钙,反应后有机相迅速与水相实现分层,并通过与氨水反应再生,三丁胺回收率约为98%。采用粒径分布与显微镜观察证明了Ca²⁺沉淀过程发生在油包水结构中。以15%浓度的CO₂作为碳源,反应时间为2700 s时,Ca²⁺沉淀率达到98.31%,显示该工艺将高成本的CO₂捕集过程和封存过程集成,可处理低浓度烟气中的CO₂。过程无须CO₂捕集费用以及热量输入,同时副产碳酸钙和氯化铵产品,有望缓解常规CO₂捕集封存技术高成本的难题。