一种胺型吸附材料的制备及对铜离子吸附性能的研究

在氮气氛围中利用低能电子束预辐照接枝法,在低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）上接枝丙烯腈（AN）进而通过酸性水解、霍夫曼降解,制备一种胺型螯合树脂（LDPE-g-VAm）,并考察这种螯合吸附材料对铜离子的吸附性能;研究了铜离子的质量浓度、吸附时间、pH值及循环次数对铜离子螯合吸附能力的影响规律;同时对吸附材料进行全反射红外（FT-IR）的表征。     

氨基螯合纤维的制备及其对铅离子的吸附性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维为基体,通过水解-接枝-交联工艺接枝上聚乙烯亚胺分子(PEI)制备出氨基螯合纤维(PAN-PEI纤维),采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和扫描电子纤维镜对其形貌和结构进行了表征,并结合等温吸附模型和吸附动力学模型研究了其对铅离子(Pb2+)的吸附性能.结果表明:PAN-PEI纤维表面具有丰富的氨基基团,...     

线形低密度聚乙烯粉料固相光接枝丙烯酸的研究

采用接枝率测定、红外光谱、光电子能谱、接触角、剥离强度等测试，研究了紫外线（UV）引发丙烯酸（AA）固相表面接枝线形低密度聚乙烯（PBLLD）粉料的影响因素（温度、单体浓度和反应时间），接枝PE—LLD表面结构、微观形态和性能。结果表明：UV能高效地引发AA在PE-LLD材料表面接枝聚合，随辐照时间延长、温度升高和单体浓度增大，接枝率增大，在实验条件下达到满足实际应用所需接枝率（约0．5％质量含量）的反应时问可达分钟数量级。接枝改性后，PE-LLD与水的接触角下降，亲水性增强；对钢材和聚乙烯黏接强度提高。     

载体材料表面化学组成对蛋白质吸附行为的影响研究进展

蛋白质在载体表面的吸附行为,如其吸附速率、吸附量以及取向和构象的变化,在很大程度上依赖于载体材料的表面化学组成。调控载体材料的表面化学组成已成为控制蛋白质吸附行为的重要手段。本文主要对载体材料表面不同组成对蛋白质吸附行为的影响进行了归纳。介绍了材料表面的功能基团包括疏水基团（甲基和含氟基团）和亲水基团（羟基、氨基和羧基）对蛋白质吸附行为的影响。另外,在载体材料表面接枝聚合物链是一种常用的有效调控表面化学组成的方法。重点介绍了材料表面接枝不同聚合物链时,聚合物链的种类、长度、密度和链的结构对蛋白质吸附行为的影响。     

含有二硫代氨基甲酸盐的单粒聚苯乙烯微球选择去除汞离子

采用含有二硫代氨基甲酸盐的单粒聚苯乙烯型微球（直径为2um）从含有不同量汞离子（10～100 ppm）的水溶液中选择性地去除汞离子，在其吸附过程所观察到的吸附速率及吸附开始时一样高，并在大约30min内达到平衡。在pH值为7.0时，观察到的每克干态含有二硫代氨基甲酸盐的聚七乙烯（PS）微球对汞离子的最大吸附量为33.2mg，而每克干态空白微球对汞离子的非特性吸附量仅为0.85mg。在汞离子的溶解度不受pH值影响的范围内，含有二硫代氨基甲酸盐的PS微球对汞离子的吸附能力随着pH值的增大而增强，微球对汞离子的优先键合意味着这一吸附剂系统可能含有对汞离子的亲和键合多于对铜、镉、铝离子的亲和键合点，使用0.1M的硝酸作为洗脱剂，可在15min内将多于96%被吸附的汞离子解吸下来。对含有二硫代氨基甲酸盐的PS微球的再生也是比较充分的。     

聚乙烯亚胺修饰的氧化石墨烯对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

将聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)接枝到氧化石墨烯(GO)表面,得到聚乙烯亚胺修饰的氧化石墨烯(GO-PEI)材料。通过FTIR、XRD、TGA对GO-PEI的结构及PEI接枝量进行表征,并研究其对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。结果表明,PEI成功接枝到GO表面,其氨基含量为13.72 mmol/g。GO-PEI对Cr(Ⅵ)表现出优良的吸附性能,其吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型。GO-PEI对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除是吸附与化学还原共同作用的结果。     

聚合物接枝炭黑制备的新型蒸汽探测器

通过对PE吸附炭黑进行γ射线照射。可以将聚乙烯（PE）接枝到炭黑表面，以PE作为基体聚合物，由PE接枝炭黑制备出了蒸汽探测器复合材料，考察了热处理和γ射线照射处理对于探测器材料对环己烷蒸气电阻响应的影响，复合材料的热处理提高了基体PE的结晶度，从而使其对环己烷蒸汽的响应性比未处理者提高了5倍左右。γ射线照射处理使其对环己烷蒸汽的响应性略有降低。因为γ射线照射处理引发了PE的交联，这反过来又显著提高了蒸汽探测器材料的稳定性和重现性。通过在热处理后接着进行γ射线照射处理。获得了一种稳定而又具有重现性的新型探测器材料-该材料使得准确识别和量化空气中的某些蒸汽成为可能。     

聚乙烯改性的研究与进展

综述了聚乙烯（PE）的主要特性及分类,并介绍了聚乙烯（PE）的改性,包括填充、共混、接枝、交联及改性后的应用情况,并指出了今后聚乙烯（PE）改性的发展方向。     

聚乙烯接枝改性及其与铝的粘接性

本文研究了聚乙烯／乙烯－醋酸乙烯共聚物（PE／EVA）和聚乙烯／乙烯－丙烯酸共聚物（PE／EAA）的共混物以及马来酸酐（MAH）接枝聚乙烯（MAH－gPE)－－与箔的粘结性能。红外光谱证实反应产物为接枝产物。并考查了热复合工艺条件（温度、压力、时间）对剥离强度的影响。同时,发现在MAH－g－PE中加入10％的EVA可明显提高铝箔粘结性,扩大了非极性聚乙烯的应用范围。     

预辐照线形低密度聚乙烯反应挤出接枝衣康酸的制备、表征及性能

以衣康酸（IA）为单体，利用β射线预辐照引发技术，采用反应型双螺杆挤出机制备了线形低密度聚乙烯接枝衣康酸（PE—LLD-g-1A）。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱和差热扫描量热法对PE—LLD-g-IA的结构和热性能进行了表征，用化学滴定法测定了PE-LLD-g—IA的接枝率，研究了预辐照剂量，衣康酸（IA）单体用量和反应温度对接枝率的影响，对接枝产物的力学性能和黏结性能进行了表征。结果发现：PE—LLD-g—IA在1712cm^-1处有明显的羰基特征吸收峰，队分子确实接枝到线形低密度聚乙烯（PE—LLD）分子链上；接枝率随单体浓度、预辐照剂量及挤出温度的增加而增加；与纯PE—LLD相比，PE—LLD-g-IA的结晶温度升高；接枝产物的力学性能无明显变化；接枝产物与金属铝的剥离强度达2．5N／mm。     

假奓包叶氨基酸提取纯化工艺及其氨基酸组成分析

用响应面法考察假奓包叶氨基酸提取最佳工艺并确定其氨基酸组成,以氨基酸提取率为评价指标,通过单因素和响应面实验优化其工艺条件并进行氨基酸分析。在盐酸浓度6.1 mol/L,液料比〔即溶液用量(mL)与原料质量(g)的比值,下同〕21.6∶1,水解时间22.3 h,水解温度100℃条件下,氨基酸的提取率为11.21%。再经活性炭脱色、离子交换树脂纯化后得到假奓包叶氨基酸产品。氨基酸分析结果表明,假奓包叶氨基酸产品中总氨基酸质量分数为79.7%,其中必需氨基酸的质量分数达24%,可作为功能性食品或药品的营养添加剂应用。     

Sorption behavior of mercuric salts on chemically modified wools and polyamino acids

Wool derivatives with sulfhydryl, thiosulfate, imidazole, pyrrolidone, or pyridine side chains were prepared and tested as potential scavengers for mercury salts in aqueous solution. More mercury is bound by these derivatives than by native wool or by certain commercial ion exchange resins under similar conditions. The presence of chloride ion, but not sulfate ion, in aqueous media decreased the extent of binding of mercuric chloride to both native and modified wools. The relative binding of mercuric chloride by various poly(amino acids) suggest that mercury is taken up by proteins by processes other than (or in addition to) specific combination with free functional groups. Two possibilities are suggested: the protein may act as a solid solvent for the mercurial, or the mercurial may form aggregated deposits within the protein after the specific binding sites have been occupied. These studies are intended to elucidate factors that govern mercury interaction with wool and other proteins and to develop improved scavengers for toxic metals.     

聚苯乙烯磺酸钠对掺混聚偏氟乙烯阴离子交换膜的改性表征

聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（PSS）因含有强电离作用的负电荷基团（磺酸基团）可以和聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）一起改性阴离子交换膜,使膜在提高稳定性的前提下,保证其他性能。本实验采用浸润改性法,用PSS浸润改性添加了PVDF的阴离子交换膜。探讨了PSS含量对膜性能的影响,如膜电阻、离子交换容量、含水率和选择透过性。利用红外光谱仪及扫描电子显微镜表征手段对膜表面性质和结构进行了分析。结果表明,当PSS含量增加时,膜面电阻先降低后升高,离子交换容量和含水率升高,离子选择透过性先升高后降低。虽然PVDF的添加使阴离子交换膜除稳定性外的其他性能下降,但PSS的浸润改性弥补了这一缺陷,这使得PSS与PVDF复合改性的阴离子交换膜具有一定的实用价值。     

氨基酸类希夫碱配合物的性能及对DNA作用机理研究

氨基酸希夫碱配合物是一类生物活性物质,具有抗肿瘤、杀菌、抑制癌细胞作用,其衍生物可作为人造核酸酶和有效的DNA切割试剂。这类配合物与DNA的相互作用可以从分子水平认识特定DNA系列、改变DNA结构和影响基因表达过程进行医学治疗诊断。介绍了醛缩、酮缩氨基酸希夫碱配合物的类型、合成方法、性质和生物作用。分析了氨基酸希夫碱参与过渡金属、稀土金属配位成键的方式和空间构型。讨论了标题化合物与DNA之间的作用机理。     

高分子量的单端氨基聚乙二醇的合成与表征

通过改进的Gabriel反应制备了单端氨基聚乙二醇(MPEG-NH2),用红外、1HNMR对MPEG-NH2的结构进行了表征。结果表明:制备出了高分子量的单端氨基聚乙二醇(MPEG-NH2),并且转氨率较高,在45%左右。     

Methyl methacrylate and acrylamide crosslinked macroporous copolymers

In this work the synthesis of a crosslinked macroporous copolymer was effected from methyl methacrylate and acrylamide. The synthesis process began with emulsion prepolymerization, followed by sol–gel copolymerization until a hard block was obtained. Determination of the properties of the obtained material was carried out by FTIR, mercury porosimetry, and SEM microscopy. The material was characterized by a porous structure with open pores. The macroporous copolymer obtained can be used for polymer–analog reactions and the transformation of amide and ester groups into acyl azide groups. It can be used as a hard inert support for the immobilization of enzymes, or other proteins, by condensation of acyl azide group on polymer with the free amino group from the base amino acid of enzyme/protein. For the immobilization of microorganisms it can be used by vacuum diffusion of microorganism suspension into the porous structure, without active group transformation reactions. With microorganisms in the polymer pores, microorganism colonies form within the copolymer by microbial fermentation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 387–395, 2004     

Modification of polycarbonateurethane surface with poly (ethylene glycol) monoacrylate and phosphorylcholine glyceraldehyde for anti-platelet adhesion

Poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate (PEGMA) is grafted onto polycarbonateurethane (PCU) surface via ultraviolet initiated photopolymerization. The hydroxyl groups of poly(PEGMA) on the surface react with one NCO group of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and another NCO group of IPDI is then hydrolyzed to form amino terminal group, which is further grafted with phosphorylcholine glyceraldehyde to establish a biocompatible hydrophilic structure on the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the successful grafting of both PEG and phosphorylcholine functional groups on the surface. The decrease of the water contact angle for the modified film is caused by synergic effect of PEG and phosphorylcholine, which both have the high hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the number of platelets adhered is relative low on the synergetically modified PCU film compared with the PCU film modified only by poly(PEGMA). Our synergic modification method using both PEG and phosphorylcholine may be applied in surface modification of blood-contacting biomaterials and some relevant devices.     

Preparation and properties of [poly(methyl methacrylate)/imogolite] hybrid via surface modification using phosphoric acid ester

Novel polymer nanohybrid was prepared by free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of inorganic nanofiber ‘imogolite’ as reinforcing nanofiller. Imogolite is a hydrous aluminosilicate with a unique nanofiber structure. The surface of imogolite was modified with 2-acidphosphoxyethyl methacrylate, which has a polymerizable methacrylate group and a phosphoric acid moiety, before preparation of polymer hybrid. The polymer nanohybrid was prepared by free radical polymerization in the presence of surface modified imogolite. The mechanical properties of (PMMA/modified imogolite) hybrid with the modified imogolite were improved in comparison with those of PMMA and (PMMA/unmodified imogolite) blend. Furthermore, the hybrid film prepared from the surface modified imogolite kept the transparency similar to PMMA film. These results indicate the usefulness of the surface modification method with phosphoric acid groups and imogolite nanofibers as a reinforcing material.     

超声波辅助提取天麻氨基酸的工艺研究

研究了超声波辅助提取法提取天麻中氨基酸的工艺条件。试验以氨基酸的提取率为考查指标,以提取时间、温度、乙醇体积分数和料液比4个因素进行单因素和正交实验,得到最优工艺条件为:提取时间60 min、温度45℃、乙醇体积分数60%、料液比1∶40 g/m L。在此条件下,对贵州省德江县不同品种天麻的氨基酸含量进行了测定。     

The Separation of Indium and Copper from Spent Cu‐In Targets

Nowadays, the CIGS solar cells produced process, only 30% of the original target material is used, while the rest 70% need to be recycled in order to achieve the resources sustainable. Common methods to separate and recover indium include precipitation, solvent extraction, ion‐exchange, and electrolytic processes. This research is to investigate the recovery and purification of indium from spent sputtering targets so that the recovered and purified indium can be reused in the thin film and semiconductor industries. The processes selected include ion‐exchange resin, solvent extraction, and zone refining. Eventually, indium recovery using ion exchange and solvent extraction has high recoveries. Further purification was conducted by electrowinning and zone refining process. The indium product of zone refining can be used as raw material of indium sputtering target.