基于水质优化与节能降耗的水厂工艺方案设计

奉贤第一水厂以金泽水库为水源,处理工艺综合考虑了微污染原水的预处理、深度处理工艺的选择及深度处理构筑物的设计。针对原水有机污染较高、常规处理出水耗氧量超标的问题,通过开展工艺论证,奉贤第一水厂在常规处理工艺的基础上增加臭氧预处理和臭氧-生物活性炭深度处理工艺,以实现水厂出水水质的优化。同时,为满足深度处理水力流程要求,使清水池保持合理的水位,通过开展用地核算和运行费用分析,确定采用活性炭滤池后置砂滤池与叠合沉淀池设计方案。不仅节约了土地资源,还取消了厂内二次提升,降低了长期运行费用。对于地势平坦的地区,叠合沉淀池方案的确定与实施,不仅区别于其他水厂,还实现了水厂的节能降耗。     

国内外给水厂净水工艺研究综述

本文介绍了给水厂净水工艺的发展过程。通过对不同净水工艺的比较研究，结合我国现有条件，提出在优先考虑强化常规工艺的前提下，发展预处理和深度处理将是给水厂改造的主要方向。     

净水厂沉淀池淤泥超轻陶粒的研究

对天津凌庄水厂淤泥用于超轻陶粒的可行性进行了研究。先后对淤泥的工艺性能、工艺参数对陶粒的容重和吸水率的影响进行了实验和论述,最终确定了工艺过程和工艺参数,并对陶粒进行了性能检测。结果表明净水厂淤泥适于超轻陶粒的生产。     

全地下再生水厂多级AO+MBR工艺设计要点、难点及创新点分析

以北京市稻香湖再生水厂二期工程为例,通过对全地下再生水厂总体布局及工艺单元设计,探讨了在北京市高标准出水水质及高度集约化占地条件下,采用多级AO+MBR生化主体处理工艺,分析各工艺单元设计要点,重点讨论再生水厂工艺布局、总平面设计、厂区竖向设计、消防通道设计、通风除臭设计等,同时对工艺设计难点及创新点进行分析,得出多级AO+MBR工艺在市政再生水厂新建及提标改造项目中具有广阔的应用前景,可以推广与使用。     

水厂除锰工艺优化研究

绍兴市上虞区T水厂于2010年建成投产,以水库水为水源,设计供水能力2万m³/d,采用常规净水工艺。近年来,水库原水在秋冬季节出现季节性锰超标,水厂通过投加高锰酸钾复合盐,控制出厂水锰符合国标要求,但出厂水中残留的Mn²⁺仍造成比较严重的管网黄水问题。本文分析了T水厂现有除锰工艺,优化了药剂投加,并通过提高滤前水p H值和滤前投加次氯酸钠的方法,强化水厂工艺对Mn²⁺的去除,使出厂水锰指标稳定控制在0.01 mg/L以内,对抑制管网黄水取得较好的效果。     

常规净水工艺浊度控制技术研究

借助烧杯试验、中试和生产试验，从无机混凝剂投加量优化、高分子助凝剂强化混凝、二次微絮凝强化过滤等三个方面，开展了常规净水工艺浊度控制技术研究。通过试验研究，确定了以上三种方法的最佳工艺运行条件和技术参数，为水厂通过常规工艺强化降低出厂水浊度提供了各种可供选择的技术方案。研究结果表明：     

天津汉沽水厂工艺方案的选择

随着经济发展，汉沽区作为滨海新区的组成部分，经济发展迅速增长，汉沽区生活、工业等方面的需水量日益增加。现有汉沽水厂产水能力为5万m3／d，需在水厂现有予留地扩建汉沽水厂5万m3／d。结合水厂一期现况，总体工艺方案采用增加预处理＋强化常规处理＋安全消毒。通过对方案一和方案二各种优缺点的比较得出最优的工艺方案为上向流炭吸附反应澄清池。     

水厂部分工艺的动力学模型基本思路及现有模拟软件介绍

饮用水处理有着很长的历史,但使用动力学模型来模拟处理工艺的效率并更进一步优化运行条件还是一个很前沿的研究内容。如果能实现对水厂工艺的实时优化和工艺的性能评估,将大大减小水厂运营成本和操作人员的负担。文中对絮凝、砂滤、臭氧,以及活性炭滤池吸附工艺动力学模型的基本思路进行了总结。同时,比较了基于水厂工艺动力学模型的现有软件的优缺点。     

双膜法在瑞源水厂处理氟化物和硫酸盐中的应用

武城县瑞源水厂以南水北调东段末端调蓄水库大屯水库为水源,原水中氟化物和硫酸盐超标,采用常规处理+臭氧-活性炭工艺并不能去除氟化物和硫酸盐,此次水厂升级改造采用超滤-反渗透双膜法对活性炭滤池出水进行深度处理。膜车间出水与活性炭池出水以1∶2勾兑后,氟化物浓度≤1 mg/L,硫酸盐浓度≤250 mg/L,水质达标,运行稳定。通过对工艺设计参数及运行效果现状分析,总结了双膜法在工艺设计及水厂运行方面的经验,建议工程设计处理氟化物和硫酸盐时采用双膜法,运行时加强数据监控,及时进行清洗护理工作,以延长膜组件使用寿命,降低水厂运行成本。     

大型长流程水厂的工艺及造价指标分析

基于饮用水多级屏障理念的长流程工艺，已成为水厂设计中的趋势和导向，但大规模长流程水厂的应用仍较少见，本次利用同期建设的3座大型长流程水厂的工程设计案例，从其原水水质、出水要求、工艺设计参数等方面进行了类比，分析了不同工艺选择的考虑因素；同时对上述3座水厂审定的预算进行了拆分，将3座水厂的工程费用造价指标、各个工艺构筑物的土建造价指标、其他专项费用等进行了类比分析，总结了相关工艺工程造价指标的大致区间范围；最后对3座水厂的运营成本进行了测算，供今后类似工程参考。     

自来水厂污泥性质

自来水厂污泥性质的研究，对于合理设计污泥处理系统非常必要。该文对自来水厂污泥的一些基本性质及其对污泥脱水工艺的影响进行了总结讨论。     

城市大型给水工程系统迁建设计

在环保督察背景下,城市饮用水水源保护问题凸显。以铜陵为例,介绍城市大型取水口、对应水厂系统迁建设计案例。铜陵市三水厂横港取水口水源保护区内存在多座码头,结合铜陵市长江岸线规划、现状供水布局及存在问题,将横港取水口、三水厂整体迁建至下游新民取水口附近,设计规模为30万m^3/d,同步建设配套给水管道,将原三水厂改造为加压泵站,工程建成后逐步关停现状一、二水厂,形成更加科学合理的供水系统。     

珠海市供水管网模型的建模与应用

为准确分析水厂新建对多水厂联合供水系统的影响,采用MIKE URBAN WD对珠海市陆域净化水系统进行水力建模,创新水量分配方法,采用抄表数据经定位处理后进行节点流量挂靠,使模型具有较高的精度;建模后应用于梅溪水厂新建并网的影响评估,得出梅溪水厂的选址、规模及出厂压力基本合理,不会对现有给水系统水量、水压等造成水力异常...     

Diagnostic analysis of RO desalting treated wastewater

Diagnostic analysis of reverse osmosis membranes that were fed with Western treatment plant (WTP) recycled water was investigated by both thermodynamic calculations and laboratory experiments in order to predict the feasibility of RO desalting for WTP. The thermodynamic calculations suggested that RO recoveries of 80–85% were feasible with careful control of feed water pH and the use of chemical additives such as antiscalants and chelating agents, it also predicted the major minerals of concern to be silica, calcium fluoride, calcium carbonate, and calcium phosphate. Following the thermodynamic simulations, diagnostic laboratory experiments were undertaken. The experiments showed that the major contributor to scale formation was indeed calcium phosphate and possibly another calcium based compound, which was strongly suspected to be calcium carbonate. Based on previously published literature that indicated anti-scalants did not substantially decrease the scaling effect of calcium phosphate and laboratory tests that indicated controlling the pH to 6.4 in the feed water dramatically reduced scaling formation, it was suggested that the feed water could be controlled by pH adjustments only. Inter-stage pH correction was suggested as an optional technique to enhance the overall water recovery to above 95%.     

基于BP神经网络的臭氧精确投加控制系统

自来水厂采用臭氧化工艺时臭氧投加量通常由生产经验判断确定,缺乏一定的准确性和时效性。根据浙江省T水厂150组实际运行样本数据,选用BP神经网络构建臭氧投加系统的前馈控制模型,能够在给定的工艺参数条件下较好地预测出水水质情况,也可根据进水水质情况和预期出水水质目标对所需的臭氧投加量进行预测。结果表明:基于BP神经网络的臭氧投加模型可以满足不同的水质变化,模拟精度较高,具有明显的优越性,对进一步提高供水安全性、节约制水成本具有重要的推动作用,也为臭氧-活性炭深度处理运行的自动化控制提出了新的理论思路。     

原水颗粒物对超滤膜通量的影响及其污染机理

随着原水水质的日益恶化和水厂出水指标逐渐严苛,自来水厂常规处理工艺面临着严峻的考验与挑战。超滤膜技术在现有水厂技术改造及深度处理扩建领域具有广泛的应用空间和价值。不同类型、浓度的原水颗粒物对超滤膜通量及污染机理的影响存在明显的差异。该文针对原水颗粒物的类型和浓度,开展系统的试验研究与分析,以便为超滤膜在自来水厂提标改造工程中的应用提供理论依据。     

Drying of water treatment process sludge in a fluidized bed dryer

The drying characteristics of water treatment process (WTP) sludge were investigated with a fluidized bed. The equilibrium moisture ratio of WTP sludge increased with relative humidity and decreased with temperature of drying air. However, equilibrium moisture ratio of WTP sludge was more sensitively dependent on relative humidity than temperature of drying air. When the sludge was dried in a batch fluidized bed, the drying rate of sludge decreased as the moisture ratio of sludge in the bed decreased. The periods of constant drying rates were apparently not observed on the drying rate curves. In addition, the maximum drying rates were increased with bed temperature and superficial air velocity. As the fluidized bed was operated continuously, the degree of drying of WTP sludge increased with bed temperature but was weakly dependent on superficial air velocity. However, the drying efficiency was decreased with bed temperature and relatively insensitive to superficial air velocity and increased with feed rate of sludge.     

关于自来水厂生产废水的回用

针对自来水厂生产废水的回用问题进行了探讨，对直接回用和处理后回用两种回用过程中所产生的水质问题进行了分析；针对不同的水质问题提出了处理方式；对于回用水系统的设计及运行提出了一些建议。     

上海市松江小昆山水厂深度处理水力高程布置研究

目前设有深度处理工艺的自来水厂在高程布置中多采用增设中间提升泵房的方式,而水厂中增加水力提升环节将增加水厂能耗并将对制水成本有较大影响。本文结合相关工程实例分析了在常规处理和深度处理之间不设提升措施的可行性．分析结果表明在一定条件下不设中间提升措施是合理可行的选择,有利于降低能耗及简化水厂的运行管理。     

A Case Study of the DAF-based Drinking Water Treatment Plant in Korea

Abstract

Since 2003, a full-scale dissolved air flotation (DAF) process has been operated by the Korea Water Resources Corporation (K-Water) in the Songjeon drinking water treatment plant (SWTP). The SWPT was designed with an adaptable operation mode so that it is able to produce safe and stable drinking water, even when the raw water is in very poor condition. The adaptable operation mode is able to buffer the dramatic change in the characteristics of the raw water. During the service period of 2003 to 2006, the SWTP has shown a constantly sound performance for the treatment of high turbid water (64–430 NTU), yielding a significantly low level of turbidity (DAF treated water, 0.15 ～ 1.16 NTU; anthracite filtered water, 0.02–0.09 NTU). In terms of the DAF process, this work focused on suggesting some practical solutions that would cope with several difficult problems that occurred in the DAF-based drinking water treatment plant. These problems included the unexpected high turbidity occurring during the heavy rainfall season, the scraper problem due to the shortage of feed water to the DAF process, and the increase of turbidity due to the use of powder activated carbon (PAC) prior to the DAF process. In addition, from a cost-effective perspective, the relationship between the recycle ratio and the operating cost was investigated in the DAF process under two different recycle ratio conditions.