单光子斜程量子信道纠缠角动量的大气湍流效应

分析了von Karman型湍流大气对量子光信道中传输的由参量下转换源生成纠缠轨道角动量态的影响。运用Rytov近似、波相位结构函数的平方近似和修正von Karman折射率起伏谱,研究了完整包含大气湍流引入振幅与位相起伏效应的斜程湍流大气通信信道中单光子纠缠轨道角动量态的测量概率模型,建立了长曝光与短曝光两种曝光条件下斜程湍流大气传输单光子纠缠轨道角动量态的测量概率理论关系。数值研究了天顶角分别为θ=π/6和θ=π/3时的长短或曝光情况下,轨道角动量态纠缠光子对联合概率随着传输距离的变化。数值结果表明：在z〈500m的传输距离内,纠缠光子对的联合检测概率随传输距离增加而快速下降,但传输距离达z〉1000m后联合检测概率几乎不再下降;结果也发现,携带轨道角动量小的纠缠光子对的联合测量概率减少率比携带轨道角动量大的纠缠光子对的联合测量概率的要小;光束传输天顶角越大,联合概率下降幅度越大。     

大气湍流下轨道角动量复用态串扰分析

以加载QPSK调制信号的轨道角动量（OAM）光束为传输载波,以多个相位屏模拟大气湍流,研究不同大气湍流强度下OAM复用态的串扰情况。通过对复用光束光强和相位研究,得出在OAM复用态光强受到湍流影响时会发生明显的闪烁现象,光功率分散,相位发生旋转弯曲,且湍流强度越大,受到的影响越大。选用螺旋谱分析不同湍流强度下各OAM复用态之间的弥散程度,当大气湍流强度增加时,OAM态之间的弥散程度增加,且较强湍流会导致OAM复用态失真。同时,考虑OAM复用态之间的模式串扰以及每路携带信息的OAM态因大气信道引起的混合噪声而造成的码间干扰,对比研究了不同大气湍流强度下系统误码率随传输距离的变化,结果表明:系统误码率随传输距离的增长而增大,强湍流之下光束误码率会随着传输距离增长到一定程度后趋于平稳,弱湍流之下光束误码率会随着传输距离的增长而增大。     

关于布里渊散射强度角分布的探讨

运用经典的电磁场理论对布里渊散射强度和散射截面进行了推导,并在此基础上结合量子电动力学理论改进了经典的布里渊散射截面公式,对布里渊散射过程经典理论和量子理论的两种描述进行了比较和讨论。     

部分相干光在大气湍流中的光束扩展及角扩展

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理、交叉谱密度函数,利用修正Von Karmon谱模型以及ITU-R颁布的大气折射率结构常数模型,推导出部分相干高斯-谢尔光束在大气湍流中传输时的束宽及角扩展表达式,讨论并对比斜程和水平两种传输方式下天顶角、传输距离、湍流强度、相干长度等参数对光束束宽与角扩展的影响,同时分别从相对束宽和相对角扩展的角度分析各种参数对于光束抑制湍流能力的影响,并给予相应的物理解释。结果表明:当天顶角小于 /3时,光束在斜程传输时的光束扩展和角扩展量接近于垂直传输,所受湍流影响很小。传输距离大于1 km时,束宽和相对束宽随传输距离的增加而明显增加。光束相干长度越大,光束所受湍流影响越大,而束宽及角扩展会随之减小。     

Measured spacecraft dynamic effects on atmospheric scienceinstruments

In September 1991, NASA launched the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). In addition to its atmospheric science mission, spacecraft dynamic effects on science measurements were analyzed. The investigation included two in-flight experiments to determine how each onboard instrument, subsystem, and environmental disturbance contributed to the spacecraft dynamic response and how these disturbances affected science measurements. Three case studies are presented that show the impact of spacecraft dynamic response on science measurements. The case studies have demonstrated that the influence of spacecraft dynamic response needs to be examined in most remote-sensing spacecraft that have attitude jitter levels commensurate to instrument pointing requirements. In the first case, correlation of independent atmospheric meridional wind measurements taken by two instruments with the spacecraft dynamic response demonstrated that excessive vibration (exceeding instrument pointing requirements) resulted in wind measurement disagreement. In the second case, solar array disturbances produced a spacecraft response signature on radiometer measurements. The signature explicitly demonstrated that if an instrument has sufficient spatial and temporal resolution, spacecraft dynamic response could impact measurements. In the final case, correlation of an instruments fine Sun-sensor data and CO₂ measurements demonstrated the effect of temporal and spatial sampling resolution and active pointing control on science measurements. The Sun sensor had a frequency modulated characteristic, due to spacecraft vibration and the periodic scanning of another instrument, which was not present on the CO₂ measurements     

Calculation of the angular radiance distribution for a coupledatmosphere and canopy

The radiative transfer equations for a coupled atmosphere and canopy are solved numerically be an improved Gauss-Seidel iteration algorithm. The radiation field is decomposed into three components: unscattered sunlight, single scattering, and multiple scattering radiance for which the corresponding equations and boundary conditions are set up and their analytical or iterational solutions are explicitly derived. This algorithm enables one to obtain the internal radiation field as well as radiances at boundaries. Any form of bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) as a boundary conditon can be easily incorporated into the iteration procedure. The upwelling radiances have been evaluated for different atmospheric conditions, leaf area index (LAI), leaf angle distribution (LAD), leaf size and so on. The formulation presented is also well suited for analyzing the relative magnitude of multiple scattering radiance and single scattering radiance in both the visible and near-infrared regions     

高斯涡旋光束在斜程大气湍流中的轨道角动量特性

本文基于广义惠更斯-菲涅尔原理和大气湍流理论模型,推导了高斯涡旋光束在non-Kolmogorov大气湍流中斜程传输的螺旋谱解析表达式和光强表达式,并数值模拟了涡旋光束传输后螺旋谱和光强的分布规律,分析了各光束参数和大气湍流对螺旋谱弥散的影响。研究结果表明：随着传输距离增大,螺旋谱弥散越强烈,在增大到一定距离时,各螺旋谱分量逐渐趋于均匀分布,光强逐渐呈高斯分布。增大光束的初始拓扑荷数和波长可有效减小传输后螺旋谱的弥散程度;当天顶角逐渐增大到π/2时,传输方式为水平传输,螺旋谱弥散程度显著增大;近地面折射率结构常数越大、湍流内尺度越小,螺旋谱弥散越严重,而湍流外尺度对螺旋谱的影响程度很小。     

The distribution of peak factor in QPSK Multi-Carrier modulation

This paper presents the results of a preliminary investigation into the distribution of peak factors in the QPSK message space for different numbers of carriers with the aim of determining those messages which exhibit a low peak factor relative to a given threshold. A group structure is suggested which associatescosets of 16 messages intoequivalence classes having the same peak power. Algorithms for finding the members of cosets and equivalence classes are given. These messages are then rank ordered by peak power to show how a suitable code could be derived. It appears that allocating just one or two bits of redundancy to such a code will be sufficient to achieve substantial reductions in peak factor.     

大气湍流对舰载激光通信中光能量分布的影响

针对激光在洋面上大气湍流中传输时,光能量分布发生变化,影响激光通信质量。本文基于大气光通信信道模型,对激光在大气湍流中的传输进行模拟,分析大气折射率结构常数、传输激光的波长,传输距离对光能量分布的影响,并用MATLAB对其影响进行了数值模拟。结果表明：在仅考虑大气湍流对激光传输影响的条件下,传输激光的波长对光能量分布具有重要影响。     

卷云高度对大气的红外光谱辐射影响的研究

利用通用大气辐射传输软件(CART)计算了不同高度卷云大气红外光谱辐射亮温,着重分析了卷云高度对不同红外波段红外亮温谱、卷云有效尺度以及光学厚度反演的影响。研究发现:对流层顶以下,大气窗口波段的亮温随着卷云高度的变化和大气温度廓线基本一致,790~960 cm-1波段亮温的斜率随卷云高度的增加而变大。亮温差BTD[900~1 231 cm-1]对薄卷云和小的有效尺度随卷云高度的变化较明显。对于厚卷云,亮温差BTD[900~1 559 cm-1]随卷云高度的变化基本上不依赖于卷云有效尺度和光学厚度。在卷云参数的光学定量遥感中需考虑卷云高度变化的影响。     

合肥地区气溶胶数浓度和谱分布特征的观测研究

利用APS-3321型空气动力学粒度仪对合肥地区的大气气溶胶进行观测,比较和分析了气溶胶数浓度和谱分布的变化特征.结果表明:气溶胶数浓度的日变化和日际变化显著,并且与天气条件密切相关.其平均数浓度谱为单峰谱,峰值中心在聚集模态,平均表面积谱和平均质量谱为双峰谱,峰值中心分别在聚集模态和粗模态,且其最大峰值都在聚集模态.根据其谱分布特征,应用正态对数函数进行了拟合,得到了其数学函数表达式,该结果可用于分析气溶胶对大气激光传输的影响.     

综述:基于轨道角动量光子态的高维量子密钥分发北大核心CSCD

信息安全是国家核心竞争力的重要组成部分,量子密钥分发(QKD)利用量子力学基本原理对信息实现计算复杂度无关的安全加密,是下一代信息安全技术的重要选项。经过三十多年的发展,以结合诱骗态的BB84协议为代表的QKD方案已经非常成熟,并逐渐开始了规模化部署。持续探索基础方案和核心技术是推动QKD发展的基础动力。在单回合通信中,基于高维量子态编码的高维QKD(HD-QKD)技术具有更高的信息承载效率和更强的抗噪声能力,因而具有重要的发展和应用潜力,已成为当前QKD领域的重要研究方向之一。光子的轨道角动量(OAM)自由度原则上具有无穷维希尔伯特空间,是实现HD-QKD的重要物理资源。重点回顾了基于OAM光子态的HD-QKD的发展历程,梳理并讨论了该研究方向的主要技术成果和面临的关键技术问题,并展望其未来发展趋势。     

大气波导对舰载及岸基雷达的影响

大气波导是海洋大气环境的一种常见现象,这种现象使电磁波的传播超出了地球曲率的限制,从而使岸基雷达及舰载雷达受到大量的杂波干扰。针对舰载雷达及架设高度较低的岸基雷达,本文分析了大气波导现象对其探测水面及空中目标的影响,并给出了利用大气波导现象实现雷达超视距探测的基本方法。     

斜程湍流大气光通信信道的单光子轨道角动量

研究了基于单光子轨道角动量技术的量子光通信系统的大气湍流效应,动用Rytov近似和修正von Kamm折射率起伏谱,建立了单光子轨道角动量斜程湍流大气通信信道中轨道角动量l的测量概率理论模型。本文同时给出了量子信道的单光子轨道角动量平均值l=〈l〉的计算关系。     

激光大气传输接收功率闪烁的概率分布特征

在大气激光通信、激光测距、激光制导等应用中,由于大气湍流引起的接收光功率起伏对其工作效果及稳定性都有很大的影响。通过多相屏傅里叶数值模拟方法模拟了准直高斯光束在湍流大气中的传输,在考虑孔径平均效应的基础下,比较了弱起伏条件、中等起伏条件和强起伏条件下对数正态分布、Gamma-Gamma分布、指数威布尔分布和威布尔分布对仿真数据的拟合,分析得到弱起伏条件到强起伏条件下激光大气传输接收功率闪烁的概率分布服从指数威布尔分布,且该分布具有概率密度函数和累积分布函数结构简单、参数可以由大气参数计算得到的优点,为提高激光大气传输应用技术的性能提供了参考。     

峰值电流型PWM调制buck DC-DC的建模与仿真分析

针对目前直流转直流(DC-DC)变换器系统建模方法受限于实际电路的局限性,提出了一种新型的Cadence系统建模方法。利用Cadence工具及其理想元器件,建立脉宽调制(PWM)峰值电流型buck DC-DC的系统模型。为验证模型的性能,在旺宏0.5 μm BCD工艺条件下,用电路结构替换理想模型,得到电路系统,并将其与系统模型的仿真结果进行对比。仿真结果表明,以该系统模型为指导设计的buck DC-DC芯片在340 kHz工作频率下具有宽输出电压范围,并能提供2 A的大负载电流,从而验证了该设计方法的可行性。     

电离层闪烁对北斗增强系统影响的建模研究

电离层闪烁严重影响了北斗及其增强系统的性能.为了评估电离层闪烁影响下北斗系统的可用性,需建立闪烁影响下的北斗及其增强系统性能模型,并进行仿真分析.文章系统地建立了电离层闪烁影响下的卫星导航接收机模型、用户定位算法和系统性能模型,利用电离层闪烁模型给出电离层闪烁分布,利用建立的北斗系统性能影响模型,实现对电离层闪烁影响下北斗增强系统性能的可用性分析.利用上述方法,仿真分析了中国中低纬地区强电离层闪烁影响下北斗增强系统的可用性.结果表明:电离层闪烁将引起用户接收机测量误差的增大,对于中国低纬地区而言,强电离层闪烁影响下,存在系统可用性低于95％的性能严重影响区域,北斗系统性能受影响区域与电离层强闪烁的发生 区域具有密切关系.     

Modeling the effects of ionospheric scintillations on LEO Satellite communications

The fading statistics of the received signal caused by ionospheric scintillations for a given Earth station in low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication network are studied using the recently available scintillation model. The path distribution from the Earth station to the satellite and the fading statistics of each path are considered. This time-varying channel model allows engineers to understand the effects of ionospheric scintillations on a given Earth station and then determine margins necessary for communication systems in times of severe scintillations.     

Determination of the ion angular distribution for electron cyclotron resonance,plasma-etched HgCdTe trenches

Ion angular distribution (IAD) affects the width and aspect ratio in electron cyclotron resonance (ECR)-etched HgCdTe trenches. The IAD was determined by etching studies together with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results confirm that low-energy, large-angle ions contribute to the etching of the photoresist, while higher-energy, low-angle ions are responsible for HgCdTe etching. The HgCdTe ECR etching was further elucidated by sputter-bombardment theory. This model correctly predicts the nature and depth of the damage region in ECR-etched HgCdTe as well as the distribution and composition of the ejected material.