新型专家系统设计

分析了单纯用产生式规则与单纯用人工神经网络设计专家系统各自的优缺点，指出同时使用产生式规则与人工神经网络来设计专家系统，能使专家系统应用到更广泛的领域中，并提出了三种设计方案，讨论了实现的可行性。     

基于人工神经网络的故障诊断专家系统

将人工神经网络引入故障诊断专家系统,探讨了该系统的原理及结构,分析了神经网络在该系统中的运用特点,并介绍了基于神经网络的学习机及推理机的原理,最后介绍了基于人工神经网络的66-10空压机故障诊断专家系统.     

人工智能在金属塑性加工领域中的应用

概述了人工智能及其2个主要分支(专家系统和人工神经网络),讨论了遗传算法与专家系统集成以及神经网络与模糊逻辑、专家系统集成的必要性和集成方法,分别介绍了专家系统和人工神经网络在塑性加工领域中的应用现状.     

边坡稳定分析的神经网络方法

基于人工神经网络理论，提出了边坡稳定分析神经网络方法，开发了边坡稳定性分析神经网络专家系统，经实例验证该方法是科学合理的。     

汽车冲压件在线检测设备设计及特性

汽车冲压件的在线检测可以为冲压工艺提供理论数据的参考,从而保证汽车上所使用的冲压件保持稳定高效的工作。本文首先分析了传统检测手段的缺陷,并提出了一种新的在线检测方法,探讨了新的汽车冲压件在线检测设备(简称APODE)的设计及其特性,希望为汽车冲压件的在线检测提供一些参考。     

材料科学中专家系统的发展及应用

综述了近10年来专家系统在材料科学中的发展和应用现状,包括发展历史、涉及领域和应用类型,重点讨论了目前应用最广泛的材料设计专家系统以及基于人工神经网络的材料专家系统的应用现状、存在问题及改进办法,最后展望了专家系统在材料科学中的发展趋势.     

小型车身冲压件检具设计的方法探讨

本文基于对汽车结构的整体把握,从小型车身冲压件在检具设计工作环节的关键步骤与方法出发,结合检具设计过程中的问题与缺陷做出了较为详细的分析与阐述,并据此论证了做好小型车身冲压件检具设计在汽车结构优化过程中所起到的至关重要的作用与意义。     

人工神经网络和机械故障诊断

智能化诊断是现代故障诊断技术发展的主要趋势,人工神经网络技术的出现为这种智能化提供了一个全新的途径。本文首先简单介绍了人工神经网络的基本性能及几个重要模型,着重探讨了人工神经网络技术在机械故障诊断领域中预测与控制、工况监测与故障分类诊断、模糊诊断和基于专家系统的故障诊断等几个主要方面的应用,指出人工神经网络技术与现有的信号处理、模式识别、模糊逻辑、专家系统等技术相结合,以解决故障信号分析与处理、故障模式识别以及故障论域专家知识的组织和推理等问题,必将加快智能化诊断发展的进程。可以预料:基于人工神经网络的故障诊断技术将具有广阔的发展与应用前景,并且随着VLsI 技术的发展,这一新技术必将广泛地应用于各种诊断实例。最后讨论了进一步值得研究的方向。     

基于冲压件的Autoform数值模拟分析

论述了椭圆花样冲压件的有限元模拟主要步骤,以椭圆花样冲压件为研究背景,采用Autoform软件对零件进行了冲压成形过程的有限元分析,完成了相关数值模拟,预测了板料成形过程中的缺陷,根据仿真结果对工艺方案再次CAE仿真优化,证明了前期数值分析对模具设计周期及成形质量具有重要意义。     

材料设计专家系统与人工神经网络的应用

针对材料设计的目标，介绍了两种人工智能方法，除了传统的专家系统外，着重介绍了近年来的最新进展－人工神经网络及其在设计中的应用。     

The single component superinsulation

The single component superinsulation containing dimpled and perforated shields was theoretically based and experimentally optimized. Its high superinsulation thermal efficiency was validated inside cryovessels and cryostats. In addition, a unique machine for mass production of such superinsulation was created.     

The World of Michael Fried's Antiquity

Antiquity occupies a surprisingly central role in Michael Fried's account of contemporary art photography. More specifically, on Fried's account, photographs of antiquity by Thomas Struth and Patrick Faigenbaum stand at the vanguard of contemporary photographic practice. This essay examines the place of these photographs in Fried's work. The essay suggests that close attention to them can illuminate not only unclear turns in Fried's otherwise stunning argument, but also our understanding of the phenomenology of ‘beholding’ in antiquity, a problem that recent work in ancient aesthetics has made considerably more philosophically fraught.     

水中有机物的测定

本文采用总有机碳分析仪测定水样中总有机碳的含量,从而进行水质分析。     

The effect of pre-straining on the mechanical behaviour of self-piercing riveted aluminium alloy sheets

Self-piercing riveting as an alternative joining method to spot-welding has attracted considerable interest from the automotive industry and has been widely used in aluminium intensive vehicles. Pressing and stamping are important processes in automotive production and result in additional straining on the vehicle body sheet material. It is therefore important to have knowledge of the effect of sheet pre-straining on the quality of the self-piercing riveted joints and on the mechanical behaviour of the riveted aluminium alloy sheets. This paper reports the influence of sheet pre-straining on the static and fatigue behaviour of self-piercing riveted aluminium alloy sheet. Wrought aluminium alloy sheet, NG5754 with a nominal thickness value of 2 mm was used to obtain pre-strained NG5754 sheets with pre-straining levels of 3%, 5% and 10%. Pairs of pre-strained NG5754 sheets were joined to create single-riveted lap joints which subsequently underwent lap-shear and fatigue testing. Microscopic inspection showed that the joint quality was satisfactory despite the increasing sheet straining levels. The results showed that by increasing the pre-straining level up to 10%, the shear and fatigue strength also increased. The rate of increase of the static and fatigue strength differed as the pre-straining levels varied.     

The international reception of The Family of Man

This paper examines the role of The Family of Man in American cultural diplomacy. The exhibition was circulated around the world by the United States Information Agency (USIA), a government unit charged with distributing information about the culture and civic institutions of the US. The reception of the exhibition by the international viewing public is discussed. The discussion is informed, in part, by photographs documenting visitors to the exhibition.     

扫描探针显微镜的发展与应用

扫描隧道显微镜和原子力显微镜的发明大大促进了扫描探针显微镜的发展。本文介绍扫描隧道显微镜和原子力显微镜的基本工作原理、发展背景以及以扫描隧道显微镜和原子力显微镜为基础衍生出来的各种扫描探针显微镜的应用。扫描探针显微镜是一种新的探测仪器，它在三维方向上的分辨率均可以达到原子量级的水平，因此在微电子学、微机械学、计量学、化学和生物医学等领域中有广泛的应用前景。     

并行工程在重点型号产品研制生产中的应用尝试

简要分析了并行工程的特点，并通过流程程序图和流程时间简图对21种型号弹簧研制生产的传统组织方式和并行工程组织方式进行了对比，最后提出实施并行工程必须通过改造企业组织机构和管理模式。     

The cathode strip chamber data acquisition electronics for CMS

Data Acquisition (DAQ) electronics for Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC) [CMS Collaboration, The Muon Project Technical Design Report, CERN/LHCC 97-32, CMS TDR3, 1997] in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) [CMS Collaboration, The Compact Muon Solenoid Technical Proposal, CERN/LHCC 94-38, 1994] experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [The LHC study group, The Large Hadron Collider: Conceptual Design, CERN/AC 1995-05, 1995] is described. The CSC DAQ system [B. Bylsma, et al., in: Proceedings of the Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics, Prague, Czech Republic, CERN-2007-007, 2007, pp. 195–198] includes on-detector and off-detector electronics, encompassing five different types of custom circuit boards designed to handle the high event rate at the LHC. The on-detector electronics includes Cathode Front End Boards (CFEB) [R. Breedon, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 471 (2001) 340], which amplify, shape, store, and digitize chamber cathode signals; Anode Front End Boards (AFEB) [T. Ferguson, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 539 (2005) 386], which amplify, shape and discriminate chamber anode signals; and Data Acquisition Motherboards (DAQMB), which controls the on-chamber electronics and the readout of the chamber. The off-detector electronics, located in the underground service cavern, includes Detector Dependent Unit (DDU) boards, which perform real time data error checking, electronics reset requests and data concentration; and Data Concentrator Card (DCC) boards, which further compact the data and send it to the CMS DAQ System [CMS Collaboration, The TriDAS Project Technical Design Report, Volume 2: Data Acquisition and High-level Trigger, CERN/LHCC 2002-26, 2002], and serve as an interface to the CMS Trigger Timing Control (TTC) [TTC system http://ttc.web.cern.ch/TTC/intro.html] system.Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) are utilized for analogous signal processing on front end boards. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) are utilized on all boards in the system to provide programmability. The DAQ system has been installed and commissioned, and is ready for LHC data taking.     

The Sign of Stieglitz,the Art of Evans

This essay examines how Walker Evans evolved his documentary style in response to what he saw as Alfred Stieglitz's overbearing aestheticism. It begins with their first meeting and Evans's ‘rejection’ of this father‐figure, a rejection which became generalised in the history of photography on the grounds of a dichotomy between photographic art and social documentary. Evans came to represent this latter tendency despite his own wishes. With the help of friends like Lincoln Kirstein and Bernice Abbott, Evans claimed a different artistic genealogy, via the Civil War work of Mathew Brady and his teams and Eugène Atget, neither of whom were working in the same vein of documentary as Evans might have imagined. He attempted to remain the independent artist, all the while taking advantage of his various photographic employments and the directions in which they pushed him. In the end, history made him famous and influential as the champion of social documentary, a genre which coincided neatly with his own desire for a ‘lyric documentary’ for only a few years. In his desire to be an artist free from a social agenda, in his resistance to branding, he is a maverick bohemian much closer to Stieglitz than has been supposed, and he seemed to recognise the fact in his last comments on his predecessor.