Ti6Al4V钛合金表面Zr-N合金化层的抗高温摩擦磨损性能

为了改善钛合金的高温耐磨性能,采用锆-氮离子共渗与异步渗(渗锆后再氮化处理)两种工艺技术分别在Ti6A14V钛合金表面制备致密的锆-氮合金化改性层,对比研究了合金化层的组织结构特征和高温摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,两种工艺制各的Zr-N合金层表面均由ZrN相组成,异步渗改性层的内层则包含较厚的Zr-Ti固溶体,两种等离子表面合金化层均使钛合金表面硬度显著提高.同样温度和处理时间条件下,异步渗合金化层的厚度约为锆-氮共渗合金化层厚度的6倍,且氮化物层也较厚,原因归于前者处理过程中Zr与Ti之间良好固溶特性的充分发挥及ZrN相的扩散障作用的有效抑制.300℃高温下球盘摩擦磨损试验结果表明,由于锆-氮共渗合金化层深度较小,因而改善钛合金基材耐磨性能的效果相对较低.锆-氮异步渗处理则使Ti6A14V钛合金耐磨性能显著提高,摩擦因数降低50％以上,比磨损率降低2个数量级,原因归于该类合金化层高的表面硬度、大的层深、良好的高温抗氧化性能及优异表面承载能力的有机匹配.     

航空光电雷达电机换向器激光沉积再制造

航空光电雷达电机换向器部位使用的纯铜材料在服役中容易发生表面损伤,传统红外激光沉积纯铜材料过程中激光吸收率较低。采用蓝光激光器对纯铜电机换向器失效部位进行送粉式激光沉积修复(所用粉末为 Cu-15Sn),研究蓝色激光工艺参数对修复形貌及修复区组织性能的影响。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及附带能谱仪、显微硬度计、微型摩擦磨损试验仪表征和测试修复区的微观组织、显微硬度及耐磨性能。结果表明：蓝光激光可以在较宽的工艺参数窗口范围获得良好的修复层。 修复层为典型的枝晶结构,由铜固溶体枝晶和铜锡金属间化合物共晶组成;平均显微硬度为铜基体硬度的 2.24 倍,修复区相对耐磨性为基体的 2.37 倍。修复区相对于基体硬度和耐磨性提升的原因在于快速凝固条件下形成的细小非均匀枝晶结构(固溶体和金属间化合物的混合结构)和固溶强化效应。铜基体和修复区磨损机制均为磨粒磨损、氧化磨损及黏着磨损。其中修复区主要为粘着磨损和氧化磨损,铜基体为粘着磨损和轻微氧化磨损。研究结果能够为电机换向器部位纯铜材料的高效修复提供数据支撑和理论基础,推进蓝色激光沉积再制造技术在有色金属加工领域的应用。     

Cu-Ti合金薄膜的微结构和力学性能

通过磁控共溅射方法制备了一系列不同Ti含量的Cu-Ti合金薄膜,采用EDS、XRD、TEM、AFM和纳米力学探针表征了薄膜的微结构和力学性能,研究了化合物对超过饱和固溶薄膜的强化作用。结果表明,由于溅射粒子的高分散性和薄膜生长的高非平衡性,Cu-Ti薄膜形成了超过饱和固溶体,晶格的剧烈畸变使Cu固溶体晶粒迅速细化。随Ti含量的增加,薄膜中产生高分散的细小Cu Tix化合物,并逐步形成Cu超过饱和固溶体纳米晶和细小化合物分布于非晶基体中的结构。与微结构的变化相应,薄膜的硬度随Ti含量的增加持续提高,并在含21.4%Ti(原子分数)时达到8.7GPa的最高值。高分散金属间化合物的存在是Cu-Ti合金薄膜在形成非晶结构后硬度得以继续提高的原因。     

γ-TiAl合金表面辉光等离子Ni-Cr共渗层的组织与性能

采用双层辉光等离子表面冶金技术在γ-TiAl合金表面进行Ni-Cr共渗处理,形成均匀致密的Ni-Cr合金层,通过SEM、EDS、XRD等对其渗层显微组织、化学成分和相结构进行分析,并测试了合金层的显微硬度及耐磨性。结果表明,合金层有效渗层厚度为25μm,主要由Cr2 Ti、AlTi、Cr、NiTi2、Cr1.75 Ni0.25 Ti等相组成;合金层中合金元素Cr和Ni由表及里呈梯度分布,合金层与基体结合牢固;合金层的显微硬度、动态硬度及摩擦磨损性能显著高于基体。     

Improvement of the wear resistance of titanium alloyed with boron nitride by electron beam irradiation

Surface alloying of commercially pure titanium was carried out with an electron beam (EB) apparatus using a boron nitride powder which was previously deposited on its surface by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) in order to produce a composite layer with high wear resistance.Electron beam surface alloying is an important surface engineering routine that involves melting of a pre-deposited layer or concomitantly added alloying elements/compounds with a part of the underlying substrate by direct energy electron beam irradiation to form an alloyed zone characterized by a novel microstructure and composition.The present study is concerned with the influences of EB-remelting process on the wear resistance of the alloyed titanium material. The microstructure, corrosion resistance and phase analysis were also examined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy (LM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were performed to characterize the phase modification and morphology after the EB treatment. The sliding wear as well as the hardness of the remelted material was significantly improved (in comparison with pure Ti) through this alloying technique. The corrosion behaviour of the modified surfaces was compared with that of Ti in order to demonstrate that its initial good corrosion resistance is not strongly influenced due to surface alloying.     

纯铜表面氩弧熔覆TiB2/Ni复合涂层组织及耐磨性能

通过氩弧熔覆技术在纯铜表面制备TiB₂增强 Ni 基复合涂层,以改善其耐磨性能. 将钛粉、硼粉和镍粉在球磨机中充分混合,采用氩弧熔覆技术将纯铜表面预置粉末熔化制备出陶瓷颗粒增强镍基熔覆层. 采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜分析涂层的物相及涂层中陶瓷颗粒相的组成、分布及结构,利用显微硬度仪和摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性能. 结果表明,熔覆层物相主要包括γ(Ni, Cu)和TiB₂;陶瓷颗粒增强相弥散分布于熔覆层中,其中颗粒相TiB₂以六边形存在,熔覆层内部与基体界面处均无缺陷产生;熔覆涂层具有较高的显微硬度,当(Ti+B)质量分数为10%时,涂层显微硬度高达781.3 HV,与纯铜基体对比,熔覆层显微硬度提高约11.7倍;在相同磨损条件下,随(Ti+B)质量分数的增加,熔覆涂层的摩擦系数及磨损失重先减小后增大;氩弧熔覆原位自生TiB₂陶瓷颗粒增强镍基熔覆层可显著提高纯铜表面的耐磨性能.     

Effect of Ti content on corrosion behavior of Cu-Ti alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution

The corrosion behavior of the Cu-Ti alloys with different Ti contents in 3.5% (mass fraction) NaCl solution was investigated using electrochemical measurements, immersion tests, mass loss measurements and SEM observation. The results show that Ti dissolved in the Cu matrix changes the corrosion process of the alloys. Pure Cu sample exhibits a typical active–passive– transpassive corrosion behavior. The anodic polarization current densities of the Cu-Ti alloys steadily increase with increasing applied potential, indicating that active dissolution of copper proceeds due to the potential difference in the galvanic coupling of Cu and Ti. The increase of Ti content decreases the corrosion resistance of the Cu-Ti alloys.     

激光表面合金化原位制备Ti-Cu纳米晶金属间化合物涂层

利用激光表面合金化技术以铜粉为初始原料,在纯钛表面通过激光表面合金化原位反应成功制备了Ti-Cu纳米晶金属间化合物涂层。采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)分析了涂层的组成和组织结构,测试了涂层在不同载荷下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:通过激光表面合金化制备的涂层主要成分为Ti和金属间化合物TiCu、TiCu3、Ti3Cu相。涂层含有纳米晶Ti-Cu金属间化合物,晶粒尺寸为10~500nm。Ti-Cu金属间化合物涂层的摩擦因数随载荷增加而减小,体积磨损率在10-6~10-5 mm3/Nm数量级范围并随载荷的增加而增大,与纯钛底材相比,Ti-Cu金属间化合物涂层具有良好的耐磨性。     

TC4合金表面TiNi/Ti2Ni改性层不同载荷滑动干摩擦性能研究

利用等离子表面合金化技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备了TiNi/Ti2Ni合金层,考察了合金层的表面形貌、成分分布、截面组织形貌、相结构。采用球盘磨损试验机分析了TiNi/Ti2Ni合金层在不同载荷下的滑动干摩擦学性能,并与基体进行对比。结果表明,基体和TiNi/Ti2Ni合金层磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损。在同一磨损条件下,TiNi/Ti2Ni合金层的摩擦系数略低于基体,耐磨性优于基体。TiNi/Ti2Ni合金层在不同载荷的摩擦系数接近,在0.29~0.32之间波动。随着载荷的增加,磨损率增加。     

Microstructure and Tribological Properties of TiB2/TiB/TiNx（x=1,0.3）/Ti Composite Coating Produced on Pure Ti by Laser Surface Alloying

TiB2/TiB/TiNx(x=1,0.3)/Ti composite coating was prepared on pure Ti by laser surface alloying by using powders of boron as starting materials.The composite coating was examined by X-ray diffraction(XRD),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The friction and wear properties of the composite coating were examined using a pin-on-disk tester under dry sliding wear condition.The results showed that the top surface of the composite coating was mainly composed of TiB2,TiB,TiN0.3,TiN and Ti phases,while the interface of the composite coating was composed of TiB and Ti phases.The composite coating showed sticklike structure near the top surface,and dendrites structure near the interface.The friction and wear test showed that the composite coating had better wear resistance than pure Ti due to their higher microhardness than that of pure Ti substrate.     

纯镁和镁合金强流脉冲电子束表面合金化性能

利用强流脉冲电子束对纯镁及镁合金AZ31和AZ91HP进行表面合金化处理。用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对表面处理层形貌和组织进行了分析,腐蚀性能和摩擦磨损测试表明:纯镁表面合金化铝后,样品抗5%NaCl溶液腐蚀性能得到显著提高,维钝电流降低2个数量级以上;而镁合金AZ31以及AZ91HP表面合金化Cr、TiN后,耐磨性均得到提高。     

纯钛表面Zr-N等离子合金化(英文)

为了改善纯钛的表面性能,利用等离子表面合金化技术在纯钛表面形成Zr-N改性层。对Zr-N改性层的微结构、成分及硬度进行测试,并对改性层形成及表面硬度提高的机理进行分析。利用球-盘磨损试验对表面改性纯钛的摩擦学性能进行研究。结果表明,在纯钛表面形成了均匀致密的Zr-N改性层,改性层由表面Zr-N化合物层和基体内Zr、N的扩散层构成。Zr-N表面改性层显著提高了纯钛的表面硬度,表层的最高硬度约为HK1040。Zr-N表面改性层没有减摩效果,但明显改善了纯钛的磨损性能。     

不锈钢表面含Cu功能梯度复合改性层的制备及抗菌性能

为提高奥氏体不锈钢(ASS)的耐磨性及赋予其抗菌性能,应用改进的活性屏离子渗氮(ASPN)技术,将纯铜冲孔板置于不锈钢冲孔板上面作为活性屏的顶盖,对316奥氏体不锈钢在低温下(430℃)进行表面渗氮处理,在其表面形成由含Cu抗菌沉积层和S相(氮在奥氏体中的过饱和固溶体γ_N)硬质支撑层组成的功能梯度复合改性层。用扫描电镜(SEM)及其所附能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征复合改性层的组织形貌、成分及相结构。用显微硬度计和往复摩擦磨损试验机测试了基体和复合改性层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能,用金黄色葡萄球菌进行体外抗菌试验评价复合改性层的抗菌性能。结果表明,在偏压达到250 V后,形成了连续分布的硬质S相扩散层和含Cu沉积层组成的复合改性层。改性层表面最高硬度可达928 HV0.05,与Si₃N₄小球对磨时比磨损率较基体降低约57.76%,显著提高了不锈钢的耐磨性。抗菌试验表明,复合改性层与金黄色葡萄球菌接触24 h后,对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌率提高到98.5%。改进的活性屏离子渗氮技术制备的功能梯度复合改性层可以有效提高...     

Plasma Alloying of TiAl with Niobium and Its Wear Resistance

将双层辉光离子渗铌技术应用于TiAl合金从而改善其耐磨性能。对TiAl渗铌合金层组织,室温和600℃高温摩擦学性能进行了研究。结果表明,TiAl经离子渗铌后表面形成厚度约12μm的铌合金层,渗层组织致密均匀,其组成物主要包括AlNb2、AlNb3、Ti2AlNb和Nb。铌合金层在600℃的耐磨性明显提高,并且室温耐磨和减摩性能均优于TiAl基材。     

Ag和Ta离子双注入改善Ti6Al4V合金耐磨性能

采用Ag和Ta离子双注入对医用Ti6Al4V合金进行表面改性, 即以Ag离子1.0×10¹⁷ cm^-2 先注入、以Ta离子1.5×10¹⁷ cm^-2 后注入合金样品表面. 采用纳米力学探针研究离子注入前、后Ti6Al4V样品表面硬度随压入深度的变化, 利用多功能摩擦磨损试验机分析离子注入前、后样品的耐磨性, 利用XRD和XPS研究样品表面的物相组成和元素化合态. 结果表明, 离子注入后样品磨损量降低了77%. 耐磨损性能的明显改善归因于样品硬度增加, 磨损开始阶段保持低摩擦系数的时间较长和离子注入后合金固溶强化.     

稀土含量对Ti6Al4V钛合金等离子渗氮层组织和摩擦学性能的影响

目的研究稀土含量对Ti6Al4V钛合金表面等离子体渗氮层结构和性能的影响。方法运用等离子表面改性技术对Ti6Al4V(TC4)钛合金进行等离子渗氮处理,渗氮过程中通入不同含量的稀土作为催渗剂,以获得钛合金表面强化层。利用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察渗氮层组织,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析渗层相组成,用能谱仪(EDS)检测渗层的化学成分,用维氏显微硬度计测量渗层的显微硬度,用球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机和三维轮廓仪检测渗层的摩擦磨损性能。结果TC4钛合金表面等离子渗氮层结构包括表面化合物层(主要成分为δ-TiN)和扩散层(主要为N原子扩散形成的N-Ti固溶体),加入稀土可以促进N原子向基体的扩散,提高渗氮速度。渗层厚度增加,硬度和耐磨性能提高,扩散层使钛合金基体与化合物层之间的硬度梯度更加平缓。当稀土通入速率为60 mL/min时,渗层厚度可达155μm,表面硬度为1275HV0.05,摩擦系数降到0.27,磨损率明显降低。结论钛合金等离子渗氮过程中加入稀土可以有效提高渗速,改善渗氮层硬度,提高材料表面的耐磨性能。     

大气下纯镁表面扩散锌钇渗层组织和性能

大气下采用固态扩散锌钇共渗的方法,在390℃对纯镁进行表面合金化改性处理。采用OM、SEM、EDS、XRD和显微硬度、电化学腐蚀极化曲线测试等方法分析渗层的组织结构、显微硬度和耐蚀性能。结果表明,经表面合金化处理,在纯镁表面获得了致密的渗层,厚约900μm。渗层由过渡层和合金反应层两部分组成,过渡层是α-Mg固溶体,合金反应层由大量的Mg7Zn3和α-Mg固溶体及α-Mg和MgZn片层状共晶组织组成,材料表层的显微硬度有很大提高,平均硬度约为纯镁的4倍,自腐蚀电位比纯镁正移87mV,自腐蚀电流密度降低了约1个数量级,耐腐蚀性能明显改善。     

Mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of electrodeposited Cu–ZrO2 nanocomposites

Electrodeposited Cu–ZrO₂ nanocomposites were prepared by suspending ZrO₂ nanoparticles in an acid copper electroplating bath at pH ～1. The calculated average crystallite size of electrodeposited pure copper and Cu–ZrO₂ nanocomposites were ～32 and ～30?nm, respectively. The measured crystallite structure was fcc and the texture was (220) for both electrodeposited pure copper and Cu–ZrO₂ nanocomposites. The surface morphology and composition of electrodeposited pure copper and Cu–ZrO₂ nanocomposites were characterised by SEM with EDX analysis. The microhardness and wear resistance of the electrodeposited Cu–ZrO₂ nanocomposite was higher than that of pure copper. The corrosion resistances of electrodeposited Cu–ZrO₂ nanocomposite and pure copper were evaluated by electrochemical Tafel polarisation studies. This revealed that Cu–ZrO₂ nanocomposites have higher corrosion resistance than electrodeposited pure copper in 3.5% NaCl (w/v) solution.     

TC4合金等离子钼基合金化改性层摩擦磨损性能研究

利用双层辉光等离子渗金属技术在Ti6Al4V(TC4)上制备钼基改性层以提高材料的摩擦磨损性能。对改性层的组织结构元素分布和显微硬度进行了测试,并采用球-盘滑动磨损试验机对渗层进行摩擦磨损性能测试。结果表明:Ti6Al4V合金表面经过渗Mo、W-Mo及W-Mo-N共渗都可以形成致密、均匀的表面合金改性层;通过三种表面改性后,钛合金的表面硬度都有不同程度提高,其中W-Mo-N共渗表面硬度提高最大,达1504 HV。在较短滑动距离内,渗钼改性层摩擦系数最小,W-Mo-N共渗次之,W-Mo共渗最大。随着摩擦的深入,渗钼改性层摩擦系数很快升高,超过W-Mo改性层。渗钼改性层磨损表现为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损,W-Mo和W-Mo-N共渗都降低了材料的粘着现象,W-Mo-N共渗最为显著。     

The effect of solid diffusion surface alloying on properties of ZM5 magnesium alloy

In this research, solid diffusion process was used to form a diffusion alloying layer on the surface of ZM5 magnesium alloy to improve corrosion and wear resistance. It is shown that the solid diffusion layer was mainly composed of Mg–Al–Zn intermetallic compounds and Mg–Al–Zn solid solution transition zone that had more Zn and Al elements than untreated ZM5 magnesium substrate. The continued immersion test in 3% NaCl solution displayed that the diffusion-treated specimen had better corrosion resistance compared to the untreated ZM5 specimen. The polarization test indicated that the Mg–Al–Zn intermetallic compounds of the diffusion alloying layer were an effective corrosion barrier to decrease the corrosion rate for ZM5 magnesium alloy when exposed to 3% NaCl solutions. In addition, the microhardness values of the Mg–Al–Zn intermetallic compounds were much higher than those of the substrate and this would greatly contribute to the enhancement of wear resistance.