双激振电机振动筛自同步特性研究

自同步特性实验研究中,振动筛激振电机的相位差角是衡量自同步能力的直接物理量.针对动态条件下获取相位角存在失准的问题,考虑激振电机与振动筛体之间的抖动和扭摆,不利于传感器测量角位移,所以总结以往设计思路,提出新的测试方法.由电机和偏心质量块、振动筛体与阻尼弹簧所组成的多体耦合同步实验,不仅研究振动筛相位差角的时程变化,同时寻找出实验与理论存在偏差的原因.实验结果表明:由于电机的特性参数不同,导致电机间不能实现同速运转;经调整后的双电机振动筛达到同步振动,测试数据验证振动筛自同步理论的正确性.     

橡胶隔振器动态特性计算方法的研究

填充橡胶材料的动态特性与预载、激振频率和激振振幅等相关.采用模型叠加方法,建立了用于计算的由填充橡胶材料制造的橡胶隔振器动态特性的弹性-粘弹性-弹塑性模型.其中,弹性模型用于表征橡胶隔振器的弹性部分,粘弹性模型用于表征橡胶隔振器动态特性与激振频率的相关性,弹塑性模型用于表征橡胶隔振器动态特性与激振振幅的相关性.对一试片进行静动态性能实验,得到其静、动刚度和滞后角,由其拟合得到了弹性、粘弹性、弹塑性模型的参数.计算了一动力总成橡胶隔振器的动态特性,并与实验结果进行了对比分析.结果表明.采用的弹性一粘弹性一弹塑性模型可以较好地表征橡胶隔振器动态特性的振幅相关性和频率相关性.其计算方法,可以用于橡胶隔振器动态特性的设计计算.     

前后轮驱动的拖拉机前轮轮胎偏磨的分析

针对前后轮驱动的拖拉机前轮轮胎偏磨的问题,在前轮与地面非接触的受力情况下,求得前轮摆振的动力学方程及其解,分析了锥齿轮的圆周力、前轮偏心质量产生的惯性力等对轮胎偏磨的影响.结果表明:前轮偏心质量产生的惯性力使左、右前轮摆振的振幅不等及引起前轮轮胎的偏磨及磨损,引起自激振动.前轮自激振动的摆振的振幅突变加剧前轮轮胎的偏磨及磨损.     

液压衬套动态特性实测分析及集总参数模型研究

以轴、径向型两种结构形式液压衬套为研究对象,测试分析液压衬套动态特性及与激振频率、激振振幅关系,分别建立轴向型、径向型液压衬套动态特性分析的集总参数模型,计算激振振幅一定时液压衬套动刚度及滞后角与激振频率关系曲线。计算结果与实验值吻合较好,验证集总参数模型的正确性。基于所建集总参数模型,计算分析惯性通道数量及尺寸对液压衬套性能优化设计影响。     

基于超弹性、分数导数和摩擦模型的碳黑填充橡胶隔振器动态建模

碳黑填充橡胶隔振器（以下简称＂橡胶隔振器＂）的动态特性与预载、激振频率和激振振幅相关。实验测试了一橡胶隔振器的动态特性,建立了基于超弹性、分数导数和摩擦模型的橡胶隔振器动态特性的非线性模型,其中超弹性模型用于描述橡胶隔振器的弹性,分数导数模型用于表征橡胶隔振器动态特性的激振频率相关性,摩擦模型用于表征橡胶隔振器动态特性与激振振幅相关的特性,文中论述了建模方法和参数辨识方法。有限元分析获得橡胶隔振器的静态力-位移曲线,利用测试得到的橡胶隔振器在大振幅、低频激励下的力-位移关系,拟合得到橡胶隔振器动态模型中摩擦模型的参数,利用测试得到的橡胶隔振器在小振幅、高频激励下的力-位移关系,拟合得到橡胶隔振器动态模型中分数导数模型的参数。利用建立的模型和拟合得到的参数计算分析了橡胶隔振器动态特性的振幅相关性、频率相关性和预载相关性,并与实验结果进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,建立的模型可以较好的描述橡胶隔振器的动态特性。     

流线型箱梁涡激振动的气动力演化规律

涡激振动是大跨度流线型箱梁桥在低风速下常见的风致振动形式,对桥梁结构的疲劳寿命和行车舒适性有较大影响。为揭示流线型箱梁涡激振动机理,有必要研究其涡激振动的气动力演化规律。以某流线型箱梁桥为对象,通过同步测振测压的风洞试验方法,获得了+5°风攻角下主梁模型的涡激振动响应及表面测点风压时程,对比分析了涡激振动前、涡激振动振幅上升区、涡激振动振幅极值点、涡激振动振幅下降区和涡激振动后五个不同阶段模型表面的平均风压系数、脉动风压系数和涡激力的变化规律。结果表明：在涡激振动的不同阶段,流线型箱梁表面平均风压系数变化不大,而脉动风压系数分布具有明显的演化过程。涡激力在涡激振动振幅上升区、涡激振动振幅极值点及涡激振动振幅下降区有明显的卓越频率,且与结构自振频率相近,涡激振动前和涡激振动后无明显卓越频率。涡激力卓越频率对应的振幅与涡激振动位移振幅正相关,两者同在涡激振动振幅极值点处达到最大。     

振动时效激振器双偏心块结构的计算分析

由于振动时效激振器单偏心块结构受力不能改变,设计了一种双偏心块结构。通过调节双偏心块之间的夹角,实现激振力在一定范围内调节,满足不同工件振动时效的激振力要求。双偏心块结构可以提高激振器的利用率,并降低生产成本。     

考虑物料质量随机波动的反共振振动机动力学分析

考虑了物料质量均值的不固定性和物料质量的随机波动性，研究了反共振振动机工作体和下质体在随机参数条件下的动力响应特性，分析了系统参数与反共振振动机随机响应成分之间的关系。研究得出了下质体不同参数组合与系统的随机响应成分之间的关系，揭示了物料质量均值的波动对工作体和下质体振幅的稳定性影响较大，需对激振频率进行控制。     

单面碰撞TMD及其桥梁涡激振动控制研究

单面碰撞调谐质量阻尼器(SS-PTMD)是一种新型减振装置,通过惯性力和黏弹性碰撞进行结构减振,针对SS-PTMD动力性能、碰撞力模型与验证、SS-PTMD桥梁节段模型涡振控制等开展了理论与试验研究。根据质量块单边运动受限和碰撞的特点,获得了SS-PTMD的动力特性;开展了钢-黏弹性材料碰撞试验,提出了碰撞力模型,根据试验数据识别了碰撞力模型参数,并验证了碰撞力模型;通过1∶40桥梁节段模型涡激振动风洞试验,发现+7°风攻角下出现了明显的涡激振动,根据简谐力涡激力模型识别了模型气动参数;采用仿真分析评估了SS-PTMD控制桥梁涡激振动的效果,在质量比2%及最大涡振振幅风速条件下的减振效率达到87%;通过风洞试验研究了SS-PTMD涡激振动控制效果,在质量比2%及最大涡振振幅风速条件下的减振效率达到92%;理论分析和试验结果表明,SS-PTMD对桥梁涡激振动具有很好的减振效果。     

潮湿原煤颗粒在三自由度混联振动筛中筛分效率研究

为研究潮湿难筛分原煤颗粒在两平移一转动三自由度混联振动筛中的筛分效率变化规律,基于三维离散元法,运用EDEM软件模拟潮湿原煤颗粒的筛分过程.自主设计了两平移一转动三自由度混联振动筛,以研究各振动参数对原煤颗粒筛分效率的影响;综合采用动态筛分效率和阻碍粒排出率作为模拟筛分效率的评定指标,得出各自由度振动组合中的最佳激振模式及振动方向对潮湿原煤颗粒在筛面运动的作用;以动态筛分效率为参考值,采用正交实验方法,分析各因素对筛分效率的影响,得出影响因素分别为:外在水分、振动自由度、频率、振幅;用优选的筛分方案进行离散元模拟实验,验证了多维振动有利于潮湿难筛分原煤颗粒的分散、透筛及防堵.     

QCs-linkage model based quality characteristic variation propagation analysis and control in product development

A QCs-linkage model based framework of quality characteristic variation analysis and control was proposed. Firstly the definition of quality characteristic variation propagation was clarified and the concept of linkage was introduced, based on which, QCs-linkage network and QCs-linkage matrix were constructed. Then the framework of variation propagation analysis and control consisting of 4 phases of quality characteristic variation identification, variation source-tracing, variation mitigation and variation prevention was given. Some typical variation propagation effects were concluded and the variation source-tracing process was studied, in which the algorithms of variation propagation probabilities in different linkage combination patters were discussed. In the following, the variation mitigation process and mitigation methods were discussed in detail and the variation mitigation principle based on minimum mitigation risk was given. A case of internal combustion engine study presented in this paper indicated that the framework was effective for quality control and improvement in product development.     

The effects of seasonal variation on hazardous chemical releases

SCOPE: Accidental and intentional chemical releases are an increasing threat to our society. These events occur year around under different seasonal circumstances. A number of papers using the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events database (HSEES) have found some evidence that season may be an important variable affecting the number of hazardous chemical releases (HCRs). To the authors' knowledge, no analyses specifically focused on seasonal variation of HCRs. Significant effects of season are useful to further HCR prevention efforts and improve preparation and training of first responders, community evacuation, and hospital preparedness. RESULTS: Seasonal variation is a factor in transportation HCRs, but not fixed facility HCRs. There is an overall seasonal effect for the cause of the event. There is also seasonal variation of HCRs with respect to geographical area, with more incidents in the South. The substances released also demonstrate seasonal variation with summer having more incidents involving acids, ammonia, chlorine, pesticides, paints and dyes. The number of victims treated at hospitals resulting from HCRs did not display seasonal variation. CONCLUSIONS: This new additional information involving seasonal changes of HCRs adds to the literature on HCRs and may indirectly have implications for the prevention of incidents, training of personnel responding to HCRs, community planning, and local hazard vulnerability analyses and finally hospital preparedness.     

Study on Quality Evaluation Model in Multi-station Assembly Processes

Based on features of dimension variation propagation in multi-station assembly processes, a new quality evaluation model of assembly processes is established. Firstly, the error source of multi-station assembly system is analyzed, the relationship of dimension variation propagation in multi-station assembly processes is studied and the state equation for variation propagation is constructed too. Then, the feature parameters which influence variation propagation and accumulation in multi-station assembly processes are found to evaluate quality characteristic of the assembly system. Through the derivation of equation on dimension variation propagation, station coefficient matrices which are combined and conversed to determine the max eigenvalue are educed. The max eigenvalue is multiplied by the weight coefficient to establish the quality evaluation model in multi-station assembly processes. Furthermore, assembly variation indexes are proposed to judge of the assembly technology process. Finally, through the practical example, the application of the model and assembly variation indexes are presented.     

Improving automotive dimensional quality by using principal component analysis

Dimensional quality is a measure of conformance of the actual geometry of products with the designed geometry. In the automotive body assembly process, maintaining good dimensional quality is very difficult and critical to the product. In this paper, a dimensional quality analysis and diagnostic tool is developed based on principal component analysis (PCA). In quality analysis, the quality loss due to dimensional variation can be partitioned into a mean deviation and piece-to-piece variation. By using PCA, the piece-to-piece variation can be further decomposed into a set of independent geometrical variation modes. The features of these major variation modes help in identifying the underlying causes of dimensional variation in order to reduce the variation. The variation mode chart developed in this paper provides the explicit and exact geometrical interpretation of variation modes, making PCA easily understood. A case study using an automotive body assembly dimensional quality analysis will illustrate the value and power of this methodology in solving actual engineering problems in a practical manner.     

An equilibrium for phenotypic variance in fluctuating environments owing to epigenetics

The connection between random environments and genetic and phenotypic variability has been a major focus in the population genetic literature. By providing differential access to the underlying genetic information, epigenetic variation could play an important role in the interaction between environmental and phenotypic variation. Using simulation, we model epigenetic plasticity during development by investigating the dynamics of genetic regulators of the epigenetic machinery that change the variance of the phenotype, while having no effect on the phenotype''s mean. Previous studies have found that increased phenotypic variance is selected for if the environment is fluctuating. Here, we find that when a variance-increasing allele achieves a sufficiently high frequency, it can be out-competed by a variance-reducing allele, with the consequence that the population evolves to an equilibrium phenotypic variability. This equilibrium is shown to be robust to different initial conditions, but to depend heavily on parameters of the model, such as the mutation rate, the fitness landscape and the nature of the environmental fluctuation. Indeed, if there is no mutation at the genes controlling the variance of the phenotype, reduction of this variance is favoured.     

首钢新建35000m^3／h空分设备的流程及特点

简介了首钢氧气厂新建35000m^3／h空分设备的工艺流程及技术参数，详细分析了常规变负荷和快速变负荷调节时空分设备的运行工况以及快速变负荷调节时的工艺特点。     

车内压力波动对旅客舒适度影响的研究

为研究车内压力波动对人耳舒适度的影响关系,从车内压力波动引起旅客不舒适感的影响机理出发,建立人耳气压传递数学模型,以车内压力波典型信号作为输入,人耳鼓膜位移为输出,对传递函数模型进行仿真,采用线性回归的方法分析仿真数据,建立气压变化量、气压变化率与人耳鼓膜位移的关系。在对国内有关技术标准研究的基础上,建立人耳气压舒适度的评价关系式,并利用高速列车的实测车内压力波数据计算人耳气压舒适度,计算结果符合国内外气压舒适度相关标准,对人耳气压舒适度评价关系式进行了验证。     

关于Gibbs函数变关系式引出的探讨

本文推荐陈林根编著的《工程化学》对化学热力学基本公式△G=△H-T△S的引出方法,试探基础教学的改革。     

首钢新建35000m~3/h空分设备的流程及特点

简介了首钢氧气厂新建35000m3/h空分设备的工艺流程及技术参数,详细分析了常规变负荷和快速变负荷调节时空分设备的运行工况以及快速变负荷调节时的工艺特点。     

基于汶川地震加速度记录的地震动相干函数变化特性

架设于我国四川省的自贡密集地震台阵成功记录到了2008年汶川地震(Ms 8.0)加速度记录。由于各台站间空间相对距离小于400 m,所以有益于分析工程尺度范围内地震动空间变化的特性。应用数字信号处理技术,分别对两个水平方向和垂直方向的地震动相干函数进行了计算,讨论各方向上地震动相干函数随空间距离和频率的变化规律。结果表明:(1)在频率小于3π时,相干函数的取值基本上都大于0.8;随着频率的增加,相干函数随空间距离的增加而递减的趋势明显;(2)局部场地条件影响相干函数在高频部分的变化,出现剧烈变化的峰和谷,但对其随频率增大而减小的变化趋势影响不明显;然而台站所在地形将影响其在高频部分的变化趋势,即在高频部分随频率的增加有逐渐增大的趋势,这种影响随着空间相对距离的增大而减小;(3)局部场地条件和地形的影响,在中频段可降低相干函数值;(4)大震远场条件下,局部场地条件和地形对竖向地震动影响较小,并且不同方向的地震动相干函数的变化有一定的差异。