警棍发射式防暴动能弹的设计与仿真

为了提高警棍发射式防暴动能弹的非致命性终点弹道效能,传统火力实验缺乏科学性计算,不能满足非致命性弹道效能。分析动能弹弹丸的外弹道过程,结合动能弹弹丸的特征量,提出建立和推导出动能弹弹丸的外弹道方程,然后根据外弹道模型,与防暴弹非致命损伤标准进行对比,确定警棍发射式防暴动能弹丸的出口初速与非命性终点弹道效能的关系。利用MATLAB软件进行编程测试,对动能弹外弹道特征进行仿真,结果表明,对一般防暴动能弹丸具有普遍适应性,并为其它枪发式防暴弹和非致使性弹药的研发提供了参考和借鉴。     

动能橡胶圆球弹优化选择及外弹道仿真

为了为某型动能防暴发射器选择最优橡胶弹丸,建立了橡胶圆球弹外弹道模型,从国内外典型橡胶圆球弹的大小、空气阻力对弹道的影响和终点效应三方面分析了对橡胶圆球弹选择的影响,利用MATLAB仿真软件计算了8 mm、10 mm、15 mm3种直径不同质量条件下的空气阻力对弹道的影响、最大射程、终点速度、飞行时间、动能和比动能;重点分析比动能和K值对弹道特性及终点效应的影响,通过分析和比较,得出了直径为10 mm,质量为2 g的橡胶圆球弹最适合作为某型动能防暴发射器的战斗弹丸;通过分析直径10 mm,质量2 g的橡胶圆球弹不同发射角度情况下的弹道特性和终点效应,结果表明,该橡胶圆球弹存速能力强,发射距离远,安全性高,为某型动能防暴发射器的弹丸制造提供了理论支撑。     

火箭防暴弹发动机的内弹道解析

研究防暴弹发动机燃烧室优化控制问题,为了实现对火箭防暴弹发动机燃烧室内压强的控制并确定其影响因素,解决燃烧室内各点压强分布不均衡的问题,提出了阶段分析法,并引用“零维”压强这一概念,在选用“零维”内弹道模型的基础上,采用龙格库塔法,利用MATLAB语言仿真技术进行编程测试,对“零维”条件下的内弹道进行数值仿真,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行分析比对,验证了内弹道模型和仿真结果的正确性,得出了在发动机工作过程中,燃烧室内压强随时间的变化规律,明确了影响压强的各个因素,为固体火箭发动机内弹道性能研究以及外弹道的计算提供了理论依据.     

防暴弹投射可视化方法研究

在关于非致命性防暴弹投射培训系统的设计中,需研究防暴弹飞行视景仿真问题.由于防暴弹飞行不规则,并且具有刺激性,目前还没有防暴弹虚拟训练系统.为解决防暴弹投射全程动态真实性效果问题,提出一种基于粒子系统的弹丸飞行可视化仿真方法.借助于粒子生成、遍历以及消亡等动态特性,建立防暴弹飞行仿真模型,解决了场景中的粒子优化、拓扑结构控制等关键技术,实现了在虚拟环境下防暴弹飞行的实时渲染.实验结果表明,改进方法可行,且计算量少、可视效果好,能够为后续研究提供技术支持.实验证明,上述方法具有很高的通用性,也可为非致命弹的设计提供参考依据.     

防暴武器内弹道仿真计算软件研究

为了提高防暴武器内弹道计算精确性,在阐明97式18.4mm动能痛块弹的结构组成及发射原理基础上,结合经典内弹道和准两相流内弹道方程建立了相应内弹道模型,通过对数值模拟得到的发射过程最大膛压和弹丸初速的误差分析,修正了内弹道模型次要功系数,使模型更接近真实情况;进而利用M语言及VB6.O编制了防暴武器内弹道仿真计算软件,可简便实现防暴武器内弹道的快速、精确计算.     

基于执勤专用枪的防暴动能弹内弹道仿真研究

针对部队在执勤中枪支管理难的问题,结合无管发射式防暴动能弹的特点,提出了执勤专用枪这一全新概念;在内弹道过程分析及数值计算的基础上,利用MATLAB语言仿真技术进行编程测试,对其内弹道模型进行数值模拟仿真,根据仿真曲线分析了该弹弹丸内弹道运动规律、各项指标之间的相互关系及影响各项指标的因素,仿真结果表明,弹筒内最大压力、弹丸出口速度、管口压力、火药燃烧相对结束位置等指标均符合设计要求,保证了弹体设计符合理论设计要求。     

反临拦截弹中制导弹道在线优化设计

为了实现反临拦截弹中制导段的弹道在线优化,基于邻域最优控制(NOC)理论和改进间接高斯伪谱法(GPM)设计一种弹道在线生成算法.根据临近空间拦截作战特点设计弹道优化模型,基于NOC理论推导关于修正状态量和协态量的两点边值问题.对横截条件进行二阶变分,通过逆向递推将终端最优协态修正值表示成跟踪偏差和终端约束修正量的表达式.将拦截弹的当前状态量作为初始约束值,终端最优协态修正值作为干扰量,利用标称弹道数据,基于改进间接GPM求得控制修正量.仿真结果表明,所提出的方法可以快速生成一条修正弹道,且具有较高的终端修正精度.     

末修迫弹对称布置发动机相关参数的影响分析

针对激光半主动式末修迫弹,建立了脉冲力作用下的六自由度弹道修正模型,提出了脉冲发动机在脉冲式弹道修正弹上可能的几种布置方式并分析了各自的性能特点,通过比较得出结论:在激光半主动式末修迫弹上适合采取脉冲发动机在弹丸质心前后横截面内对称布置的方式.针对布置方式以某尾翼稳定迫弹为背景,利用六自由度弹道模型进行数值仿真,分析了发动机起始修正时刻、偏移质心距离等相关参数对脉冲力修正能力、激光探测器件视场角的影响.研究结果对脉冲发动机在末段修正迫弹上的工程应用具有一定的参考意义.     

高旋弹卫星导航接收机半实物仿真

半实物仿真是测试卫星导航接收机在高旋外弹道环境条件下工作性能的有效手段。为测试卫星导航接收机在高旋外弹道环境条件下的性能,阐述了二维弹道修正引信实现弹道修正的工作原理和北斗卫星导航接收机的基本工作原理;建立了高旋7自由度弹道模型;设计了半实物仿真系统,编写了仿真模型,并在RT-LAB实时仿真平台上运行;分别在非旋转条件和旋转条件下对卫星导航接收机进行了半实物仿真测试,仿真测试结果显示仿真机数据与弹上机转换后数据曲线重合。实验表明：半实物仿真系统可有效检验高旋炮弹卫星导航接收机功能和准确度。     

垂直发射防空导弹弹道仿真模型研究

弹道仿真是导弹模拟训练系统中的关键部分。为构建准确性较好、实时性较高的弹道仿真模型,在对垂直发射导弹飞行过程进行分析的基础上,将弹道分为垂直段、转弯段、制导段三部分,并根据各部分弹道的特点,分别建立其差分方程描述模型,最后通过仿真验证了模型的准确性和适用性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。