一种改进的自适应直方图均衡化增强档案图像的方法

直方图均衡化能够调节图像的动态灰度范围,是一种经典有效的图像增强方法,但它建立在合并相似像素灰度的基础之上,模糊了图像的细节。强调细节的自适应图像均衡化（DEAHE）不但保持了图像均衡化具有动态范围调节的优点,而且也可以放大图像细节。考虑到档案图像在数码化过程种可能受噪声的干扰,DEAHE方法在强调图像细节的同时,也放大了噪声,因此,本文提出一种改进的DEAHE方法,即IDEAHE方法,它使得增强后的档案图像噪声得到抑制、图像细节得以放大、整幅图像的灰度范围得到调节。实验表明,经过IDEAHE方法增强后的档案图像,其主观视觉效果改善明显,可用于实际的数码档案生产过程中。     

基于直方图分割的彩色图像增强算法

针对直方图均衡化直接对彩色图像处理会导致图像色彩失真的情况,在对传统的直方图均衡化方法进行改进的基础上,提出了一种新的带色彩恢复的均衡化算法。该算法对于彩色图像R,G,B各个分量子图的灰度直方图,首先根据其灰度中值和分割直方图等面积原则进行两次分割,同时对分割后的各子灰度直方图分别进行均衡化处理;然后通过计算R,G,B各分量子图的灰度级总数占原彩色图像灰度级总数的比例,将均衡化处理后的R,G,B各分量子图进行合并。实验表明,该算法对彩色图像处理具有较好的增强处理效果。     

基于SVR的图像增强方法

传统的图像增强方法是采用直方图均衡化来处理图像,利用这种方法处理后的图像,虽然使图像的灰度等级得到拉伸,但是却使图像变得过亮,部分细节消失.为改善图像增强的效果,利用支持向量回归原理(SVR)的方法来处理图像,试验取得了很好的结果.试验结果表明,采用SVR的图像处理方法来增强图像,可以很好地保持图像原有的灰度特征,突出图像的细节,并且解决了传统的直方图均衡化方法使图像过亮和部分细节丢失的问题.     

一种区域多直方图红外图像增强方法*

直方图均衡是一种简单有效的红外图像增强技术,但存在着细节信息损失较大的缺陷。为改进这一缺陷,使直方图均衡在增强图像对比度的同时不损失灰度级别,并能增强图像细节特征,提出一种基于区域的multi-HE红外图像增强方法。该方法通过聚类算法将图像分割成多目标区域,据此将直方图分割成多个子图,运用多直方图均衡化对图像进行处理,从而达到在不同目标范围内的图像增强。经过实验验证,该算法能有效地抑制背景区的过增强,扩大了目标区的灰度范围,增强细节部分。     

基于模糊聚类分割的累积直方图均衡化算法

通过比较几种图像直方图均衡化的应用范围,提出一种基于模糊聚类分割的累计直方图均衡化的方法。实验结果表明:与传统直方图均衡化算法相比,使用该方法处理后的图像不仅使灰度值分布更加均匀,增强了整体对比度,而且保留了原图像更多的细节信息,很好地达到了图像增强的目的。     

遥感图像理想均衡化及图像质量定量评价

大多数原始的遥感影像由于其灰度分布集中在较窄的范围内,影像的细节不够清晰,对比度较低。为了使影像的灰度范围拉开或使灰度均匀分布,从而增大反差,增强影像细节信息,通常采用的方法为直方图均衡化。通过对信息熵定义的阐述,引出直方图均衡化的图像增强算法。通过分析传统直方图均衡化算法中存在的缺陷,进而基于分段映射思想提出一种改进的理想直方图均衡化算法。同时,为了对传统算法和改进算法进行定量化地分析比较,基于同时对比度以及人类视觉对比度分辨率限制和模糊数学的相关思想,分别提出基于加权几何平均数法的合成平均对比度和细节评价参数的定义。最后,采用同时对比度、基于加权几何平均数法的合成平均对比度以及细节评价参数作为定量评价的指标,对所提出的改进算法进行了定量评价。评价结果表明,该改进算法的图像增强效果优于传统的直方图均衡化算法。     

基于均衡化和K均值改进蚁群算法的边缘检测

研究图像特征的提取,边缘检测是图像处理中很重要的组成部分.在研究灰度图像的边缘检测问题中,根据像素灰度值的分布特点和图像的边缘特性,提出了一种基于直方图均衡化和K-均值改进蚁群算法相结合的边缘检测方法.采用直方图均衡对图像进行增强,以减小目标与背景的相似度,增大了反差,使图像细节清楚,另外采用模糊聚类的K-均值改进蚁群算法实现对图像边缘信息的快速提取.通过仿真表明方法收敛速度快,检测效果好, 具有较强的实用价值.     

一种直方图局部均衡化的新方法

直方图均衡化(HE)是一种简便有效地增加灰度图象动态范围的方法,被广泛地应用于图象处理的各种领域,如医学照片,数字相片处理.它可以方便地增加图象的对比度,令图象的视觉信息量达到最大.但是这种方法存在很大的局限性,经直方图均衡化处理以后的图象和原图象在灰度上差别很大,在增加图象对比度的同时还将导致图象的亮度增加,并会产生噪声.本文对直方图的均衡化进行了一定的研究,将一些改进的方法,如自适应均衡化(AHE),双直方图均衡化(BBHE)等进行了比较,从而提出了一种根据图象直方图的局部形态对图象进行直方图局部均衡化的方法,这种方法一方面将像素的灰度值分散,可以分辨图象中比较细节的内容;另一方面,将图象的灰度变化控制在一定范围之内,抑制了噪声的产生,较大程度上地保留了原始图象的亮度.     

一种广义直方图及其在彩色图像增强中的应用

提出了一种广义直方图的构造方法并将其用于彩色图像均衡化增强。针对传统直方图均衡化方法实现彩色图像增强并不具有普适性的不足,将传统灰度图像直方图定义进行修改并得到一种广义灰度图像直方图,将其用于彩色图像在HSV空间实现均衡化增强。实验结果表明,所建议的广义直方图均衡化彩色图像增强方法是有效的,且比传统直方图均衡化方法能取得更好的增强效果。     

可保留图像细节的直方图修正法

针对图像经直方图修正(Histogram Modification，HM)后因部分灰度级被合并而导致细节丢失的问题，提出了两种可保留图像细节的直方图修正方法：一种是扩展灰度范围的HM方法，另一种为局部灰度修正HM方法。对多幅不同类型图像进行处理后的实验结果表明，这两种方法不仅可有效保留图像细节信息，而且算法简洁，计算量小。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.