基于自适应扩展kalman滤波的SINS/GPS深组合研究

针对SINS/GPS组合导航系统噪声随时间变化引起卡尔曼滤波精度下降的问题,提出了一种噪声统计特性在线估计的自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波算法。算法首先基于新息序列实现了对观测噪声协方差的实时估计,然后基于系统方程采用协方差匹配算法完成了对过程噪声的实时跟踪。算法中尺度因子的引入进一步减小了泰勒展开造成的高阶截断误差,提高了滤波精度。仿真实验结果说明,与传统卡尔曼滤波算法相比,该算法能够实现对过程和观测噪声的完全估计,鲁棒性和精度都有明显提高。     

自适应卡尔曼滤波在目标跟踪系统中的应用

目标跟踪是精确制导系统中的重要组成部分.文中针对运动目标跟踪问题,在建立运动模型的基础上,应用卡尔曼滤波算法进行了跟踪仿真研究.考虑到直角坐标系下的扩展卡尔曼滤波容易发散,可能导致滤波精度变差,所以文章提出一种针对非线性观测模型和线性动态模型的自适应推广卡尔曼滤波器.直角坐标系下的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法,对虚拟噪声进行了估计,动态补偿观测器模型的线性化误差,削减了系统的观测误差,并对其滤波理论及算法进行了仿真研究.结果表明:该算法提高了滤波的稳定性、快速性和精确性,优于一般的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法.     

基于自适应EKF的弱GNSS信号跟踪算法

弱GNSS信号跟踪技术是卫星导航接收机关键技术之一,跟踪技术的好坏将直接影响卫星导航接收机在弱信号条件下的跟踪性能;在动态环境和先验信息不充分的情况下,由于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的固定设计使其不能满足要求,针对此不足引入一种自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波(AEKF)的信号跟踪算法;该自适应滤波算法能够实时监测残差或滤波器新息的动态变化,来修正观测噪声方差和状态噪声方差,以此调整滤波器增益,观测值和控制预测值在滤波结果中的权重;理论分析和结果表明,该算法能够充分利用观测信号的统计特性,克服了传统EKF算法不足,获得更好的跟踪性能。     

一种新的高动态GPS载波跟踪算法

提出了基于无迹粒子滤波（UPF）算法的高动态GPS载波跟踪环路,仿真分析了该方案在高斯噪声和非高斯噪声环境下对高动态GPS信号的跟踪性能,并与分别基于扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）、无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）、粒子滤波（PF）及扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波（EPF）这四种算法的载波跟踪环路进行了性能对比。仿真结果表明,基于UPF估计器的载波跟踪环路在高动态、弱信号以及非高斯噪声环境下具有优越的跟踪性能,既可以提高跟踪精度,又解决了非高斯噪声干扰问题。通过模拟实验验证了该方案的有效性。     

基于支持向量回归机的扩展卡尔曼滤波

在信号滤波算法优化问题的研究时,扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的精度依赖于系统模型精确性.采用一种改进的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法研究了状态量和观测量相同的系统.用滤波后的状态量和当前观测量以得到实时噪声,求出过程噪声方差阵,在此基础上利用支持向量回归机算法对过程噪声方差阵进行训练,从而得到新的过程噪声方差阵,用此阵作为下一次扩展卡尔曼滤波的过程方差阵,以后继续上述迭代过程.结果证明方法极大的提高了滤波精度.仿真说明方法的有效性.     

自适应渐消有偏扩展卡尔曼滤波在目标跟踪中的应用

针对机动目标跟踪过程观测矩阵病态导致扩展卡尔曼滤波算法跟踪效果不佳的问题,提出一种自适应渐消有偏扩展卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法以扩展卡尔曼滤波为基本框架,并借鉴Gauss-Markov模型的思想以解决观测矩阵病态问题。算法根据状态估计均方误差最小条件求得有偏因子,以降低病态观测矩阵对滤波估计的影响;根据滤波发散判据提出一种新的渐消因子估计方法,以实时调整预测协方差矩阵,从而改善滤波增益并有效提高目标跟踪精度。仿真结果表明,改进算法比传统扩展卡尔曼滤波对目标跟踪的精度有较大提高,同时稳定性更好。     

自适应线性预测卡尔曼滤波压缩感知算法

针对压缩感知中时变稀疏信号的重建问题,提出一种基于自适应线性预测的卡尔曼滤波恢复算法.该算法采用滑动窗口对信号进行观测,基于前后窗信号之间的相关性并利用自适应线性预测方法,建立前后窗口信号的状态转移方程,与修正后的观测方程共同构成系统状态空间模型.在信号重构时,采用贪婪算法确定信号支撑集、降阶卡尔曼滤波算法迭代得到其精确解.对调频信号、调幅信号、WiFi射频信号和语音采样信号进行仿真实验验证,仿真结果表明,所提出算法在不显著增加计算复杂度的情况下,重建精度比改进前的循环平移模型算法提高约5%,且远高于其他同类算法;同时在不同的噪声环境下,重建后的信号比原信号信噪比提高$1\sim 8$dB,表明算法具有较强的抗噪声性能.     

卡尔曼滤波系统和量测噪声自适应估计的关联性

卡尔曼滤波是惯导系统(INS)/GPS组合导航的主要算法之一,Sage-Husa算法是在卡尔曼滤波基础上,为减少系统噪声和量测噪声的不确定性对误差估计的影响而采用的自适应估计方法.对Sage-Husa算法提出了4条改进措施;并通过在3种数据扰动情形下的仿真计算发现,只对一类噪声做自适应估计更容易产生较大的偏差,对系统噪声和量测噪声两类噪声同时做自适应估计,其效果要优于只对一类噪声做自适应估计,把此现象定义为卡尔曼滤波的系统和量测噪声自适应估计的关联性.这个结果不同于一些文献的观点.此项研究对自适应卡尔曼滤波在INS/GPS组合导航的工程化应用有较高的实用价值.     

基于自适应卡尔曼滤波的多目标跟踪算法

在视频的多目标跟踪任务中,卡尔曼滤波器性能受硬件噪声以及光线等环境噪声干扰较大,导致滤波性能下降甚至发散,严重影响目标跟踪精度。针对这一问题,在检测端不变的情况下,对跟踪算法中的卡尔曼滤波器进行改进。首先,通过实时监测跟踪过程中滤波器观测值和估计值的动态变化,提取新息或残差;然后,利用新息协方差对观测噪声统计特性进行自适应估计,进而调整卡尔曼滤波增益;并通过数值仿真表明所提方法能有效降低噪声,获得更好跟踪效果。最后,基于YOLOv3算法检测结果进行实验验证,结果表明在多目标跟踪（MOT16）数据集上,相较于传统卡尔曼滤波设计,所提自适应卡尔曼滤波在多目标跟踪任务中的精度、标号（ID）相关指标（IDF1,IDP）等指标均有所提升。     

基于自适应卡尔曼滤波的多目标跟踪算法

在视频的多目标跟踪任务中,卡尔曼滤波器性能受硬件噪声以及光线等环境噪声干扰较大,导致滤波性能下降甚至发散,严重影响目标跟踪精度。针对这一问题,在检测端不变的情况下,对跟踪算法中的卡尔曼滤波器进行改进。首先,通过实时监测跟踪过程中滤波器观测值和估计值的动态变化,提取新息或残差;然后,利用新息协方差对观测噪声统计特性进行自适应估计,进而调整卡尔曼滤波增益;并通过数值仿真表明所提方法能有效降低噪声,获得更好跟踪效果。最后,基于YOLOv3算法检测结果进行实验验证,结果表明在多目标跟踪（MOT16）数据集上,相较于传统卡尔曼滤波设计,所提自适应卡尔曼滤波在多目标跟踪任务中的精度、标号（ID）相关指标（IDF1,IDP）等指标均有所提升。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。