沼气提纯过程中醇胺溶液吸收CO2传质性能

醇胺溶液吸收CO₂是沼气提纯领域重要的研究课题。在实验填料吸收塔中,以乙醇胺(MEA)、二乙醇胺(DEA)为吸收剂,研究了吸收剂浓度、进气流量、CO₂浓度、进液温度对吸收过程转化率η、吸收速率N以及气相总体积传质系数K_Ga_e的影响。结果表明,吸收剂浓度增加可有效提高η、N及K_Ga_e;进气流率增加,η逐渐降低,N先增加后降低,K_Ga_e先增加后降低最终趋于稳定;随着CO₂浓度增加,η和K_Ga_e不断降低,N逐渐增加;随着进液温度升高,η和K_Ga_e均先升高后降低;MEA、DEA的最佳进液温度在40～60℃之间,并随CO₂负载量增大而逐渐降低。研究结果对于醇胺溶液吸收法沼气提纯技术的研究开发和实际应用有参考作用。     

填料塔中哌嗪二胺吸收低浓度SO_2的传质性能

为满足有机胺法脱硫设计开发的需要,采用动态吸收法测定了填料塔中哌嗪二胺(PA-A)水溶液吸收低浓度SO2的体积总传质系数KGa,考察了吸收工艺参数如吸收液中的PA-A浓度和初始pH值、液相流率、吸收温度、进气SO2浓度及流速等对KGa的影响。结果表明:KGa随着吸收液中的PA-A浓度和初始pH值、液相喷淋密度的增加而增大;随着吸收温度、气相流率及进气SO2浓度的增加而减小。通过实验结果分析得到体积总传质系数KGa与气液相流率比(qG/qL)之间符合指数关系式,该经验关系可用于工程设计计算。     

填料塔中乙二胺/磷酸溶液吸收SO2的体积总传质系数

SO2减排已经成为国际关注的焦点问题,近年来,湿法烟气脱硫技术以其脱硫效率高、适应范围广、技术成熟等优点,成为当今占主导地位的烟气脱硫方法。可再生胺法脱硫技术作为一种新的脱硫方法得到了普遍关注。为进一步的工业设计提供参考依据,今采用乙二胺/磷酸溶液为吸收剂,测定和计算了在填料塔中乙二胺/磷酸溶液吸收烟气中SO2的体积总传质系数KGa,并研究了液气比、乙二胺浓度、进口气体中初始SO2浓度、吸收液初始pH值及反应温度对KGa的影响。实验结果表明,KGa随液气比的增大、乙二胺浓度的升高、吸收液初始pH值的增大而增大;体积总传质系数随初始SO2浓度的升高、反应温度的升高而降低。     

逆流旋转填料床吸收异丙醇气体的传质性能研究

在逆流旋转填料床中用水吸收挥发性有机化合物异丙醇气体,考察了超重力因子(β)、空床气速(u)、液体喷淋密度(q)、异丙醇气体进口体积分数等操作参数对异丙醇气相总体积传质系数(K_G^a)和吸收率(E)的影响。结果表明,异丙醇气体的KGa随着β、u和q的增大而增大,且异丙醇气体进口体积分数对K_G^a、E的影响较小; E随着β、q的增大而增大,但随着u的增大而降低。在β=60、u=0.9 m/s、q=15.92 m³/(m²·h)、异丙醇进口体积分数为10 000μL/L时,吸收率为96%,K_G^a达21.7 s^-1,是板填料式逆流RPB的2.1～3.2倍,是板填料式错流RPB的4～6.2倍,表明逆流旋转填料床可有效强化吸收异丙醇气体。     

双组分混合有机胺溶液吸收沼气中CO_2的传质性能

在填料塔中,对以二乙醇胺(DEA)为基础溶剂,以N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)、(N-2-羟乙基)乙二胺(AEE)、二乙烯三胺(DETA)、三乙烯四胺(TETA)为添加剂的二元混合胺溶液吸收沼气中高浓度CO2的传质性能进行了实验研究,考察了添加剂浓度及种类对吸收过程中CO2脱除率n、总体积传质系数KGae、气液相传质阻力的影响.结果表明,双组分混合有机胺溶液中,以AEE,DETA和TETA为添加剂时,KGae和随添加剂浓度增加而增大,气相传质系数kG及气相阻力占总阻力的分率减小,液相阻力占总阻力的分率增大;以MDEA为添加剂时趋势相反n和KGae沿塔高方向增大,其在4种溶液中的大小为DEA-TETADEA-DETADEA-AEEDEA-MDEA.     

PC吸收CO2传质系数简化计算之我见

通过具体实例,针对PC吸收CO2传质系数进行了过程的计算,发现采用专用准数关联式计算所得到的结果与实际值比较接近,而采用恩田准数关联式计算所得到的结果与实际值相差甚远.     

填料塔中碳酸钾/哌嗪混合吸收液脱除CO2的体积传质系数

The process of removing dilute CO2 from air by using me mixtures of K2CO3 and piperazine (PZ) was conducted in a random packed tower at 25℃. The results showed that PZ increased the absorption rate of CO2 into aqueous K2 CO3 much more effectively than MEA or DEA. The volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient (KGa) of dilute CO2 absorption into K2CO3/PZ was measured. The KGa value was evaluated over the ranges of main operating variables: the concentration of CO2 in inlet gas, gas flow rate, liquid loading, CO2 loading in liquid phase, and the concentrations of K2CO3 and PZ. The test showed that KGa could be remarkably improved by increasing liquid loading and the concentration of PZ, and decreasing the concentration of CO2 in inlet gas, as well as the gas flow rate and CO2 loading in liquid phase.     

规整填料塔中氨水吸收CO2的体积总传质系数

目前,CO₂排放问题已经成为世界各国可持续发展面临的重要挑战。以化学溶剂吸收法工艺为基础的燃烧后脱碳是当前比较成熟的已进入工业规模实验的技术路线。而氨水作为一种新的吸收剂受到广泛关注。以气相体积传质系数（K_Ga_e）作为表征,对规整填料塔中氨水吸收CO₂的传质性能进行了研究,探索了气速、CO₂分压、液速和氨水浓度对K_Ga_e的影响。实验结果表明,在本文的工况条件下,K_Ga_e随液速和氨水浓度的增大而增大,随CO₂分压的增大有所减小,气速对K_Ga_e的影响不大。实验结果对今后填料塔的设计工作的经济性和合理性有一定指导作用。     

填料塔中磷酸钠缓冲溶液吸收低体积分数SO2的体积传质系数

为满足磷酸一钠和二钠缓冲溶液脱硫设计开发的需要,采用磷酸钠缓冲盐溶液为吸收剂,测定和计算了在鲍尔环填料塔中磷酸钠溶液吸收模拟烟气中SO2的体积总传质系数KYa.在常温常压下,考察了空塔气速、喷淋密度、入口SO2体积分数、吸收液磷酸根浓度和初始pH等工艺参数对KYa的影响.结果表明,KYa随着空塔气速、喷淋密度、初始pH和磷酸根浓度的增加而增大;随着入口SO2体积分数的增加先增加后减小;该体系的传质过程受气膜和液膜共同控制.     

Mathematical Modeling and Genetic Algorithm Optimization of Reactive Absorption of H2S

A rate‐based mathematical model was developed for the reactive absorption of H₂S in NaOH, with NaOCl or H₂O₂ as the chemical oxidant solutions in a packed column. A modified mass transfer coefficient in the gas phase was obtained by genetic algorithm and implemented in the model to correct the assumption of instantaneous reactions. The effects of different operating variables including the inlet H₂S concentration, inlet gas mass flux, initial NaOH, concentrations of the chemical oxidants in the scrubbing solutions, and liquid‐to‐gas ratio on the H₂S removal efficiency were studied. A genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the operating variables in order to obtain maximum removal efficiency of H₂S. The model results were in good agreement with the experimental data.     

第三分散相液滴增强气体吸收的一维非稳态非均相传质模型

A model for one-dimensional unsteady heterogeneous mass transfer was developed based on Danckwerts’ surface renewal theory in order to describe the mass transfer enhancement of absorption process for a slightly soluble gas in a gas-liquid-liquid system. The model accounts for the mass transfer resistance within the dispersed phase and the effect of emulsion viscosity on mass transfer. An analytical solution for enhancement factor was obtained by Laplace domain transformation. The absorption rates of carbon dioxide in the dodecane-in-water and castor oil-in-water systems were measured in a thermostatic reactor, and the enhancement factors were calculated at different volume fractions of dispersed phase and stirrer speeds. The model predictions agree well with the experi-mental data.     

吸收过程的界面传质机理

以分子热力学为基础 ,对气体吸收过程进行了理论分析 ,导出了传质通量的数学表达式。根据该文分析 ,气液界面传质的源动力来自界面处气液两相的不平衡 ,即只要有传质发生 ,液相界面处的浓度就不会达到与气相呈平衡的浓度。对于气相阻力可以忽略的吸收过程 ,两相传质速率的大小主要取决于液相的溶质界面浓度和液膜厚度 ,影响溶质界面浓度和液膜厚度的主要因素是近界面液相侧的流场分布。利用近界面浓度与液膜厚度的激光测定结果 ,计算了甲醇、乙醇及正丙醇吸收CO2 气泡的传质通量 ,计算结果与实验值吻合良好     

吸收过程的界面传质机理

Based on the method of molecular thermodynamics ,the mass transfer mechanism at gas-liquid interface is studied theoretically,and a nowe mathematical model is proposed,Using laser holographic interference technique,the hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of CO2 absorption are measured,It is shown that the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

H2S Reactive Absorption from Off‐Gas in a Spray Column: Insights from Experiments and Modeling

H₂S removal from an off‐gas stream was performed in a spray column by H₂S reactive absorption into a NaOH solution. The individual and interactive effects of three independent operating variables on the percentage of absorbed H₂S were investigated: the initial pH of the scrubbing solution, the initial scrubbing solution temperature, and the volumetric liquid‐to‐gas ratio. The optimum operating variables were determined by response surface methodology (RSM) attaining a percentage of absorbed H₂S of 98.7 ± 0.2 %. Additionally, the process performance was modeled by an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the percentage of absorbed H₂S. The results showed that the experimental data agreed better with the ANN model than with the RSM results.     

新型旋转填料床的气相传质特性

以CO2-NaOH体系化学吸收测定不同超重力因子、液量和气液比(体积流量比)条件下的有效传质比表面积a,在相同操作条件下,以氨-空气-水体系进行空气吹脱含氨富液测定不同超重力因子、液量和气液比条件下的气相体积传质系数kya,从而得到气相传质系数ky,对其气相传质特性进行了研究. 结果表明,a随超重力因子、液量和气液比增大而增大,kya和ky均随超重力因子和气液比增大而增大,随液量增大而减小. 通过对比可知,在相近操作条件下新型旋转填料床的气相体积传质系数比文献折流旋转填料床的提高36%. 对实验数据进行回归,拟合出a, kya和ky分别与气相雷诺数ReG、液相韦伯数WeL和伽利略数Ga之间的关联式.     

H2O2吸收SO2的降膜传质系数模型的建立

为中小型燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫提出一种以列管式并流降膜塔为脱硫反应器,H2O2溶液为脱硫剂的简便高效、无二次污染的脱硫技术.建立了气、液相传质系数模型,通过实验数据回归了降膜管传质关联式.对气、液相传质系数模型进行验证,结果显示,得出的计算结果与实验数据基本相符,这表明建立脱硫模型对基本设计参数的确定具有一定的指导意义.     

Spatial Scale Effects on Rayleigh Convection and Interfacial Mass Transfer Characteristics in CO2 Absorption

Concentration gradient‐induced Rayleigh convections in the CO₂ absorption process were investigated by the hybrid Lattice‐Boltzmann/finite‐difference method (LBM‐FDM). The spatial scale effects on Rayleigh convection were studied by simulating Rayleigh convections with different liquid layers. The scale of convection increased with the liquid layer height but the average mass transfer coefficient showed the adverse tendency. The Rayleigh convection had a pronounced effect on the surface renewal. For better assessment of the renewal intensity, two statistical quantities were proposed. The transient variations of these quantities provided a good following feature with the mass transfer coefficient which confirms their accuracy and precision in characterizing the mass transfer process.     

Marangoni效应对填料塔精馏传质过程的影响

通过 4种正体系、 5种负体系的精馏实验 ,考察了Marangoni效应对填料塔中传质过程的影响。结果表明 :正体系的气相体积总传质系数KGa与组成无关 ,仅受气相流量 qG 的影响 ,可用关联式KGa =AqGB,和B =0 .94± 0 .0 4表示 ;而对负体系 ,由于Marangoni效应的存在 ,顺着液相流动方向 ,KGa逐渐减小。其关联式为KGa =AqGBMsC,B =1.0 5± 0 .0 4,C =0 .3± 0 .0 5 ,该式的平均误差约为 6%。