Ag-TiO_2空心复合微球制备及其光催化性能

为了提高空心TiO2的光催化活性和拓展其对可见光的响应,以聚苯乙烯为模板合成TiO2空心微球,再通过KBH4还原AgNO3,制备了TiO2空心壳层表面载有Ag单质粒子的复合微球。利用SEM、TEM、XRD和EDS对Ag-TiO2空心微球的形貌结构和组成进行表征,并以有机染料罗丹明B(RhB)为目标降解物,研究该复合微球的光催化性能。在紫外光下,载银量为2%的Ag-TiO2复合微球2h内对RhB的降解率比同条件下空心TiO2提高23.8%;在可见光下,载银量为2%的Ag-TiO2复合微球在6h内对RhB的降解率比同条件下空心TiO2提高28.2%。结果表明,壳层表面载有适量Ag单质粒子的空心TiO2复合微球,其光催化活性和对可见光的响应显著高于纯空心TiO2微球。     

异质结构的TiO_2/ZnO纳米纤维的制备及光催化性能的研究

以钛酸丁酯、醋酸锌和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为前驱物,将静电纺丝技术和高温煅烧法相结合,一步制备出异质结构的二氧化钛(TiO_2)/氧化锌(ZnO)纳米纤维。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、UV-Vis对样品进行表征。并以罗丹明B(RhB)为降解模拟污染物测试了紫外光照射下的光催化活性。制得的TiO_2/ZnO-1纳米纤维直径在100~150nm之间,长度在2μm以上,ZnO纳米颗粒均匀分散在TiO_2/ZnO-1纳米纤维表面;在紫外光条件下具有良好的光催化性能,在紫外光光照25min后TiO_2/ZnO-1对RhB的降解率达到100%,而在同样条件下纯TiO_2纳米纤维对RhB的降解率只有70.8%。     

Ag/Bi-TiO_2的制备及光催化气相甲苯性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Ag/Bi-TiO2光催化剂,通过XRD、SEM、BET及UV-VisDRS对催化剂进行表征,并对其可见光催化气相甲苯的活性进行了考察。结果表明,与纯TiO2相比,Ag/Bi-TiO2光催化剂的晶粒粒径减小,比表面积增大,同时Bi—O—Ti键以及Ag杂质能级的形成,拓宽了TiO2的光吸收范围,减少了光生电子-空穴的复合几率,提高TiO2的光催化活性。当焙烧温度为450℃时,0.001Ag/0.05Bi-TiO2光催化剂(n(Ag)/n(TiO2)=0.001,n(Bi)/n(TiO2)=0.05)对甲苯的降解效率能达到77.7%,比纯TiO2提高了72.6%。     

3D Bi2WO6/TiO2异质结型光催化剂的制备以及增强的可见光催化性能

通过浸渍法合成了3D多组分Bi2WO6/TiO2异质结型复合光催化剂,多次浸渍使TiO2粒子层层沉积到花状Bi2WO6结构的表面。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、光致发光光谱(PL)以及紫外-可见漫反射(UV-Vis)吸收光谱分别对所制备的复合光催化剂进行了表征,并以500W氙灯为光源,罗丹明B(RhB)为降解对象,进行了光催化活性测试,考察了不同TiO2复合量对Bi2WO6光催化剂反应活性的影响。结果表明,异质结型Bi2WO6/TiO2复合光催化剂的光催化活性明显优于纯Bi2WO6和TiO2。当复合15%(质量分数)TiO2时,所制备的复合光催化剂最有效促进电子和空穴的分离,并且光催化活性得到提高。活性提高的原因是所形成的异质结特殊的界面能够显著地降低光生电子和空穴的复合几率,并且具有较高的光吸收能力。     

以海藻酸钠为基体的Ag/AgBr/TiO2整体式光催化剂的高效制备及其光催化性能

以海藻酸钠为基体制备出尺寸均一的整体式光催化剂SA-Ag/AgBr/TiO₂, 通过SEM、TEM、HRTEM、XPS、FT-IR以及BET等手段对产物形貌、结构、比表面积和光学性质进行表征, 并测定了其对罗丹明B(RhB)溶液的光催化性能。结果表明, 整体式光催化剂SA12-Ag/AgBr/TiO₂(Ag/AgBr/TiO₂催化剂的质量分数为12%)的结构稳定, 且具有良好的光催化活性, 即在紫外光照60 min内, RhB溶液降解完全, 在可见光照120 min下RhB的降解率可达到54.1%, 且在5次重复试验中仍保持96%以上的催化活性, 稳定性良好。这种整体式光催化剂有效解决了粉体材料难回收、二次污染和固定化后光催化效率低等问题。     

太阳光下Cr~(3+)掺杂TiO_2复合微粒光催化性能研究

利用酸催化的溶胶一凝胶法成功地合成了一系列不同CP3+掺杂量(x=0.01%～10%)的TiO2复合光催化剂(Cd3+/TiO2).在太阳光条件下,以亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解对复合材料的光催化性能进行了表征,并考察了催化剂投加量、Cr3+掺杂量和溶液pH值等因素对光催化降解反应的影响.结果表明,亚甲基蓝溶液在复合微粒上的光催化降解反应遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型,在催化剂投加量为lg/L、Cr3+掺入量为0.3%和pH=7时,Cr3+/TiO2复合微粒光催化活性达最佳,测得表观反应速率常数 K为7.27×10-3 rag(L·min)-1,t1/2为95min,反应4h后亚甲基蓝的降解率可达79%,与纯的TiO2相比较,反应速率提高了2倍,降解率提高了20%.中性或碱性条件下有利于亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解.     

镧掺杂TiO2/膨润土复合光催化材料的制备及性能

以钠基膨润土为载体,钛酸丁酯和硝酸镧为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备镧掺杂TiO2/膨润土复合光催化剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(IR)对复合催化剂进行了表征,在紫外光照射下,通过对TNT废水的光催化降解,考察其光催化活性。实验结果表明,掺杂镧与未掺杂镧的TiO2/膨润土复合光催化剂中TiO2主要以锐钛矿型存在;掺杂镧的TiO2/膨润土复合光催化剂的光催化性能明显优于未掺杂镧的TiO2/膨润土复合光催化剂,当镧的掺杂量为1%(原子分数),焙烧温度为500℃时,其光催化活性达到最佳效果。     

微波干燥法制备纳米TiO2光催化剂及其催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为前驱物,离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法及微波干燥法制备了纳米TiO2光催化剂。通过XRD、SEM及BET对光催化剂进行结构表征,以甲基橙溶液为模拟污染物,太阳光为光源,评价了其光催化活性,考察了模板剂及微波干燥条件对纳米TiO2光催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,采用离子液体作为模板剂,微波干燥条件下制备的TiO2光催化剂活性明显高于普通溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2光催化剂,光照3h甲基橙溶液降解率可达到95%。     

磷酸处理HZSM-5负载TiO2光催化降解活性艳红X-3B

以磷酸改性的HZSM-5分子筛为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/HZSM-5光催化剂,通过XRD,SEM,BET,FT-IR和XPS进行表征。结果表明:TiO2均匀地分散在HZSM-5表面,没有发生TiO2颗粒的聚集。负载后的TiO2保持了锐钛矿晶体结构,TiO2的晶粒尺寸在负载后有所减小。TiO2/0.5HZSM-5的比表面积和对活性艳红X-3B的吸附量都随HZSM-5含量的增加而增加。负载后的TiO2光催化活性均高于纯TiO2,50%(质量分数)TiO2/0.5HZSM-5具有最高的活性,经紫外光照射2h可使活性艳红X-3B降解93.4%,而染料在纯TiO2上的降解率只有61.0%。     

CuTSPc／TiO2纳米杂化材料的超临界制备及太阳光光催化

采用超临界处理方法，制备纳米四磺化酞菁铜（Copper（Ⅱ）Tetrasulfophthalocyanine，缩写CuTSPc）／TiO2杂化材料，采用XRD、UV-vis、IR对光催化剂进行了表征，以光稳定性较强的甲基橙水溶液为降解目标物，研究了CuTSPc敏化的TiO2光催化剂在太阳光光照射下的光催化活性。在合成的过程中，通过Sol-gel工艺使水溶性CuTSPc均匀分散在TiO2的基质中，经超临界处理后，在TiO2晶粒表面形成与CuTSPc键合，当可见光激发后，从CuTSPc光激发产生的光生电荷向TiO2转移，同时，通过能量转移，提高TiO2自身的光催化效率，以实现CuTSPc与TiO2协同可见光光催化，其中，掺杂比例0．17％（摩尔分数）的CuTSPc／TiO2太阳光降解率最高（0．0653min^-1）。     

Effect of deposition of Ag on TiO2 nanoparticles on the photodegradation of Reactive Yellow-17

Nanoparticles of TiO(2) were synthesized by sol-gel technique and the photodeposition of about 1% Ag on TiO(2) particles was carried out. Ag-deposited TiO(2) catalyst was characterised by XRD, TEM and UV-vis spectroscopy. The Ag-TiO(2) catalyst was evaluated for their photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of Reactive Yellow-17 (RY-17) under UV and visible light irradiations. Then the results were compared with synthesized nano-TiO(2) sol and P-25 Degussa and the enhanced degradation was obtained with Ag-deposited TiO(2). This enhanced activity of Ag-TiO(2) may be attributed to the trapping of conduction band electrons. The effect of initial dye concentration, pH and electron acceptors such as H(2)O(2), K(2)S(2)O(8) on the photocatalytic activity were studied and the results obtained were fitted with Langmuir-Hinshelwood model to study the degradation kinetics and discussed in detail.     

TiO_2-聚吡咯复合材料的制备及光催化性能

采用原位氧化聚合法制备TiO2-聚吡咯复合材料,研究吡咯与TiO2配比对TiO2-聚吡咯复合材料在紫外光和太阳光下光催化降解甲基橙的影响,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见光谱仪对样品进行表征。结果表明,TiO2-聚吡咯复合材料与纯聚吡咯相比,聚吡咯本征态特征峰和C─N伸缩振动峰峰值都向高波数偏移,TiO2和聚吡咯的复合并不是单纯的物理复合,而是产生了化学作用力;通过改变吡咯的添加量,可以控制聚吡咯在TiO2粉体表面的包覆量,聚吡咯的包覆对TiO2的晶型没有影响;聚吡咯对TiO2的包覆可降低TiO2的禁带宽度至2.90 eV,使TiO2-聚吡咯复合材料可吸收的波长范围拓宽到可见光区,提高复合材料在可见光下的光催化能力;适量的聚吡咯包覆可以提高TiO2-聚吡咯复合材料的光催化活性,以紫外灯作为光源催化降解甲基橙,当吡咯包覆质量分数为0.06时,复合材料的电子-空穴对分离效果最好;以太阳光作为光源催化降解甲基橙,当吡咯包覆质量分数为0.04时,复合材料的光谱拓展效果最好。     

射频磁控共溅射制备光催化Ag-TiO2薄膜

采用射频磁控共溅射法制备Ag-TiO2复合薄膜,通过控制Ag靶的溅射时间可调节Ag与TiO2的比例.所制备的Ag-TiO2薄膜为锐钛矿结构.通过紫外光照降解亚甲基蓝溶液和循环伏安法研究Ag-TiO2薄膜光催化及光电化学特性.实验结果表明:掺1.5% Ag的Ag-TiO2薄膜在紫外光照射下能增强亚甲基蓝溶液的降解并得到更大的光生电流.这种光催化的增强主要是由于光生电子-空穴对的复合被抑制的结果.     

稀土掺杂TiO2光催化材料的制备和性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了5种稀土（Pr、Nd、Sm,Eu、Dy）掺杂TiO2光催化薄膜,研究了稀土掺杂量,镀膜层数、烧结温度和烧结时间对光催化活性的影响．结果表明,各因素对材料的催化活性均存在一最佳值．薄膜中仅含TiO2而未见稀土氧化物,除掺锴TiO2薄膜完全由金红石相组成外,其余均由锐钛矿相和金红石相的混晶组成,其中金红石相所占比例较大,薄膜表面均存在大量缺陷;稀土掺杂TiO2薄膜对罗丹明B的光降解率可达89．3％．稀土掺杂TiO2显著提高了TiO2对可见光的响应能力,提高了材料的光催化活性．     

Photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes using Au:TiO2, gamma-Fe2O3:TiO2 functional nanosystems

We report photocatalytic degradation studies on Navy Blue HE2R (NB) dye on significant details as a representative from the class of azo dyes using functional nanosystems specifically designed to allow a strong photocatalytic activity. A modified sol-gel route was employed to synthesize Au and gamma-Fe2O3 modified TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) at low temperature. The attachment strategy is better because it allows clear surface of TiO2 to remain open for photo-catalysis. X-ray diffraction, Raman and UV-VIS spectroscopy studies showed the presence of gold and iron oxide phases along-with the anatase TiO2 phase. TEM studies showed TiO2 nanocomposite particles of size approximately 10-12 nm. A detailed investigation on heterogeneous photocatalytic performance for Navy Blue HE2R dye was done using the as-synthesized catalysts Au:TiO2 and gamma-Fe2O3:TiO2 in aqueous suspension under 8 W low-pressure mercury vapour lamp irradiation. Also, the photocatalytic degradation of Amranth and Orange G azo dyes were studied. The surface modified TiO2 NPs showed significantly improved photocatalytic activity as compared to pure TiO2. Exposure of the dye to the UV light in the presence of pure and gold NPs attached TiO2 catalysts caused dye degradation of about approximately 20% and approximately 80%, respectively, in the first couple of hours. In the presence of gamma-Fe2O3 NPs attached TiO2, a remarkable approximately 95% degradation of the azo dye was observed only in the first 15 min of UV exposure. The process parameters for the optimum catalytic activity are established which lead to a complete decoloration and substantial dye degradation, supported by the values of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) approximately 93% and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) approximately 65% of the treated dye solution after 5 hours on the employment of the UV/Au:TiO2/H2O2 photocatalytic process.     

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotube array films with enhanced photocatalytic activity under various light sources

Highly ordered nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-doped TiO(2)) nanotube array films with enhanced photocatalytic activity were fabricated by electrochemical anodization, followed by a wet immersion and annealing post-treatment. The morphology, structure and composition of the N-doped TiO(2) nanotube array films were investigated by FESEM, XPS, UV-vis and XRD. The effect of annealing temperature on the morphology, structures, photoelectrochemical property and photo-absorption of the N-doped TiO(2) nanotube array films was investigated. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were applied to the analysis of the intermediates coming from the photocatalytic degradation of MO. The experimental results showed that there were four primary intermediates existing in the photocatalytic reaction. Compared with the pure TiO(2) nanotube array film, the N-doped TiO(2) nanotubes exhibited higher photocatalytic activity in degradating methyl orange into non-toxic inorganic products under both UV and simulated sunlight irradiation.     

掺铁TiO2纳米晶的制备及光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯溶液为前驱体，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同掺杂量的Fe^3 -TiO2干凝胶，在空气气氛中于400℃焙烧2h，得到锐钛矿相的纳米晶，用TG-DTA，XRD，DRS，FS等手段对其进行了表征，研究结果表明，掺杂铁离子使二氧化钛纳米晶的粒径变小，吸收带边发生红移，荧光峰明显增强，分别以汞灯和氙灯为光源，通过对染料罗丹明B的光催化降解研究，发现掺入0.01?^3 -TiO2与纯TiO2相比具有更好的催化活性，掺杂量增大后，光催化降解率反而下降。     

基于一锅法制备的Ag/AgCl/CeO2复合纳米材料及其光催化有机物降解性能

采用一锅法制备Ag/CeO2光催化剂,并通过原位氧化法进一步制备Ag/AgCl/CeO2复合材料,使用XRD、SEM对Ag/AgCl/CeO2复合纳米材料的结构、形貌进行表征,采用橙黄II、罗丹明6G、诱惑红等有机染料测试复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明：AgCl在Ag/AgCl中占比80%时,Ag/AgCl/CeO2复合材料的光催化性能最佳,在模拟太阳光辐照6 min后能降解93%的橙黄II,且在4次循环8 min内能降解90%以上的橙黄II,在紫外-可见混合光照60 min后,能降解约90%的罗丹明6G和诱惑红。Ag/AgCl/CeO2复合材料具有优异的光催化活性的主要原因是贵金属Ag的局域表面等离子共振效应以及金属/半导体异质结结构。     

Study on photocatalytic performance and degradation kinetics of X-3B with lanthanide-modified titanium dioxide under solar and UV illumination

The present work was focused on photocatalytic oxidation of the model molecule reactive brilliant X-3B by lanthanide-modified TiO(2) samples under artificial solar and UV irradiation. Experimental results showed that the TiO(2) samples doping with lanthanide (Ce and Gd) could greatly enhance the activity of pure TiO(2), and could extend the absorption range to visible region. The optimum doping amount was 0.2 and 0.5at.% for Ce- and Gd-doped TiO(2) particles, respectively. The degradation kinetics of X-3B on Ce-doped TiO(2), Gd-doped TiO(2), and pure TiO(2) were studied as well. The results exhibited that the degradation of X-3B on all the samples were in accordance with the first-order model. The trend of apparent reaction rate constants k(app) was as follows, Gd-doped TiO(2)>Ce-doped TiO(2)>pure TiO(2), under solar illumination. Scatchard plot analysis was used to evaluate the adsorption phenomena of as-prepared samples, and it indicated that lanthanide doping can improve the efficiency of interfacial adsorption of TiO(2) samples. The trend was the same as that of photocatalytic activity.     

Ag-Si Co-doped TiO2 photocatalyst synthesized via a nonaqueous method

Ag-Si/TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized in a nonaqueous system at 140 degrees C, and then annealed at different temperatures. The obtained photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, BET, TG-DTA, XPS, as well as UV-vis DRS. The results showed that All Ag-Si/TiO2 held an anatase phase and high thermal stability and the phase transformation from anatase to rutile was retarded to about 900 degrees C. The Ag-Si/TiO2 particles were highly mono-dispersed and the particles size became smaller compared to TiO2. Additionally, UV-vis light absorption shifted to visible region after Ag doping. Si weaved into the matrix of TiO2, while Ag dispersed on the surface of TiO2 particles. The visible light photocatalytic activity was evaluated by Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation in an aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. It was found that the photccatalytic activities of the obtained Ag-Si/TiO2 samples were all higher than those of pure TiO2 and Ag/TiO2, reaching the maximum at the Ag and Si content of 0.5 mol% and 20.0 mol%, respectively. The enhanced visible photocatalytic activity may be attributed to the simultaneous effects of silver and silicon co-doping.