Fettalkoholethersulfonate für die tertiäre Erdölförderung

Ether Sulfonates in Enhanced Oil Recovery Synthesis and application possibilities of ether sulfonates in enhanced oil recovery are described. The products investigated showed high stability in weakly acidic solutions at 180°C with half lives of 400–600 days. Higher ethoxylated products are soluble even in higher concentrated brines. Foaming ability is similar to that of the analogous ether sulfates. For some special types, interesting phase behaviour with a wide micro-emulsion range was found.     

Heuristisch-numerisches Beratungssystem für die Reaktorauswahl bei der Verfahrensplanung

A Heuristic-Numerical Advisory System for the Choice of Reactors in Process Design. Since it has become apparent that neither expert systems nor numerical calculations alone satisfy requirements placed on them in the search for the most suitable industrial reactor, a new type of system, viz. the heuristic-numerical advisory system, was developed. It utilises both knowledge-based techniques (production rules and/or frames) and the wide range of calculation tools available in chemical reaction engineering, which are addressed via interfaces. In this way it has become possible to obtain very early reliable information about the later design of an appropriate industrial reactor.     

Mikroporöse Filtermedien für die Kuchenfiltration

Microporous filters media for cake filtration. Improved knowledge about filtration conditions, capillary phenomena in filter cakes and in filter media, as well as the properties of membranes permit the use of microporous membranes in cake-forming filtration. This allows removal of moisture without passage of gas and yields a particle-free filtrate. Apart from metallic and ceramic membranes, polymeric membranes prove highly suitable as microporous filter media since they permit utilization of the entire range of filter equipment. The present article considers first the fundamentals of cake-forming filtration, then surveys the various membrane systems, and finally discusses process-engineering aspects of filtration with microporous filter media.