Effect of vanadium addition on the microstructure and properties of AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloy

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of vanadium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNiV_x (x values in molar ratio, x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0) alloys. All the alloys were found to display a crystalline structure of simple body centered cubic (BCC). For AlCoCrFeNi and AlCoCrFeNiV_0.2 alloys, Cr and Fe elements segregated to the center of grain while Al and Ni elements segregated to the rest areas. With the increase of V content exceeding to x = 0.5, the homogenized polycrystalline grain can be obtained. For AlCoCrFeNiV_0.2 alloy, the compressive strength and plastic strain were as high as 3297.8 MPa and 26.8%, respectively, which were rare in high entropy alloys to date. The fine nanoscale spinodal decomposition microstructure was a key factor for the high fracture strength of AlCoCrFeNiV_0.2 alloy. The values of Vickers hardness increased from HV534 to HV648.8 with the increase of V content. The solid-solution strengthening of the body centered cubic matrix was found as the main factor that strengthened the alloys. With the increase of V contents from x = 0 to x = 1.0, the transformation of ferromagnetic behavior to paramagnetic behavior takes place.     

冷速及高温回火对低合金高强铸钢组织性能的影响

为提高低合金高强铸钢(HSLA)的综合力学性能,满足恶劣环境下的使用要求.采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、冲击试验机、万能材料试验机研究了3种不同冷速及高温回火对HSLA铸钢组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明:随冷速增加,淬火组织发生由多边形铁素体+针状铁素体+粒状贝氏体→粒状贝氏体+板条贝氏体→准上贝氏体+板条马氏体的演变.冷速为1℃/s的空冷样,具有最高的塑韧性;冷速最大的水冷样,其强度、硬度最高.冷却样经580℃回火,其晶界、板条界均有粒状、短棒状的纳米第二相析出,EDS分析表明,100~200 nm的析出相为合金渗碳体(M3C),而50 nm以内的析出相为(V,Ti)(C,N).空冷样回火后有较高强度、最高的塑韧性;油冷、水冷样回火后,Re提高,Rm略有下降,AkU降低与高温回火脆性的发生有关,但-40℃的AkU仍有60、40 J,具有较好的低温冲击韧性.可见,试验HSLA铸钢表现出良好的综合力学性能,能满足在恶劣环境下的使用要求.     

The relationship between thermo-mechanical history,microstructure and mechanical properties in additively manufactured CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy

Here,a single-track CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy(HEA)was successfully fabricated by laser melting deposition(LMD).Combining the experimental observations and numerical simulation,the microstruc-ture and mechanical properties of the as-deposited parts were systematically studied from the perspective of thermo-mechanical history experienced during the LMD process.The strengthening mech-anisms of the LMDed CoCrFeMnNi HEA parts were clarified.The frictional stress strengthening,grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening contributed the whole yield strength of the parts.Dislocation strengthening dominated the strengthening mechanism.It was expected that the establish-ment of the relationship between thermo-mechanical history,microstructure and mechanical properties of the LMDed CoCrFeMnNi HEA could shed more insights into achieving HEA parts with the desired microstructure and high performance.     

Nanoindentation characterised plastic deformation of a Al0.5CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy

Abstract

The plastic deformation of a high entropy alloy Al_0.5CoCrFeNi was investigated by instrumented nanoindentation over a broad range of strain rates at room temperature. Results show that the creep behaviour depends on the strain rate remarkably. In situ scanning images showed a significant pile up around the indents, demonstrating that a highly localised plastic deformation occurred in the process of nanoindentation. Under different strain rates, contact stiffness and elastic modulus basically remain unchanged. However, the hardness decreases as indentation depth increases due to indentation size effect. For the same maximum load, serrations became less prominent as the loading rate of indentation increased. Similar serrations have been observed in the current alloy upon quasi-static compression.     

Effect of microstructure on mechanical properties in weld-repaired high strength low alloy steel

To understand the effect of microstructure on mechanical properties of weld-repaired high strength low alloy (HSLA), as-received and weld-repaired HSLA with and without buffer layers (BLs) were prepared. Microstructure analysis was carried out using optical microscope and SEM, and mechanical properties were measured by Vickers hardness test and fatigue test.The fatigue resistance of weld-repaired HSLA without BL was deteriorated with comparing to parent metal (PM). Meanwhile, Vickers hardness (VH) showed an obviously reduction in the melted parent metal (MPM), which was due to formation of predominately block ferrite. For the weld-repaired HSLA with BL, the VH and fatigue resistance increased with the incorporation of 4 mm BL, which was mainly due to formation of lath ferrite and fine-grained pearlite and bainite. When BL thickness increased to 10 mm, the VH and fatigue resistance decreased, which was because the thick BL diluted the MPM. VH number from low temperature (below melting point) heat affected zone (HAZ) fluctuated, but had a little scatter. However, the fatigue crack growth rate from HAZ was not obviously affected by the welding as comparison with the PM.     

Effect of rare earth Y addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high entropy AlCoCrCuNiTi alloys

A series of AlCoCrCuNiTiY_x (x values in molar ratio, x = 0, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0) alloys have been prepared using vacuum arc melting. Classical high entropy diffraction peaks corresponding to a BCC crystal structure and some Cu, Cr peaks are observed for the AlCoCrCuNiTi alloy. However, with the incorporation of rare earth element Y, the BCC diffraction peaks disappeared and were replaced by new compounds like Cu₂Y and AlNi₂Ti. A typical cast dendrite structure with Cu-rich dendritic regions and Cr-rich rosette-like shape precipitations are found in the AlCoCrCuNiTi alloy. In the AlCoCrCuNiTiY_x alloys, Y segregated preferentially to Cu and combined as bulky Cu₂Y compound. The maximum stress of the AlCoCrCuNiTi alloy is 1495 MPa, but reduces intensively after the incorporation of Y due to the formation of bulky Cu₂Y. For all the alloys, the compressive fracture mechanism is observed to be cleavage fracture.     

Synthesis and characterisation of TiC reinforced CoCrFeNi composite by hot-pressing sintering

ABSTRACT

Ti, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni and graphite powders were used to fabricate TiC reinforced CoCrFeNi composite by mechanical alloying and consequently hot pressing sintering at 1200°C for 1?h. Results indicated that Co, Cr, Fe and Ni powders were deformed, cold welded and crushed repeatedly during milling and an face-centred cubic-structured solid solution was obtained after milled for more than 10?h. Nano-sized TiC and micron-sized Cr₇C₃ type carbides were formed and embedded in the CoCrFeNi matrix dispersedly after sintering. The hardness and compressive fracture strength of the sintered composite reached 501 HV and 2.55?GPa, respectively, which could be ascribed to the presence of large amount of in-situ formed TiC and Cr₇C₃ type carbides in the composite.     

Effect of cooling rate on Ti–Cu eutectoid alloy microstructure

Titanium alloys present a combination of properties that makes them suitable materials for various medical applications, and there is special interest in Ti–Cu alloys for the fabrication of dental prostheses. The addition of Cu to Ti lowers the melting point of the alloy, as well as leading to the development of desirable mechanical properties. In this study a eutectoid alloy was prepared and heat treated, then cooled at various cooling rates. The eutectoid structure (α + Ti₂Cu) was observed for all cooling rates used, and evidence of α′ martensite was found for cooling rate higher than 9 °C s^–1. Lower cooling rates resulted in higher modulus values. This was attributed to the volume fraction of the α and Ti₂Cu phases. Higher cooling rates produced structures with lower modulus values and greater hardness, a result attributed mainly to the development of a martensitic structure.     

Hot consolidation and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline equiatomic AlFeTiCrZnCu high entropy alloy after mechanical alloying

The present study is aimed to investigate the consolidation behaviour and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline equiatomic AlFeTiCrZnCu high entropy alloy after mechanical alloying. The consolidation was achieved by cold pressing with conventional sintering, vacuum hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing techniques. The microstructure and mechanical properties were evaluated. The hardness and compressive strength of nanocrystalline equiatomic AlFeTiCrZnCu high entropy alloy after vacuum hot pressing are 9.50 and 2.19 GPa and those after hot isostatic pressing are 10.04 and 2.83 GPa, respectively. The wear resistance is found to be higher than the commercially used materials such as Ni-hard faced alloy.     

Effect of erbium on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy

The effect of erbium addition at different ratios (0.2 wt.%, 0.4 wt.%, 0.6 wt.%) on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the Al−Si-Mg−Cu alloy have been investigated. The results show that adding erbium can refine the primary α-aluminum grains in the as-cast alloys to a diverse extent. In addition, the coarse and long plate-like eutectic silicon can be modified into a fine short rod-like structure, and the distribution of eutectic silicon can be optimized. During the solidification of the alloy, erbium and other elements will form primary erbium-rich precipitates of different sizes and shapes, including primary erbium-silicon-rich and erbium-copper-silicon-rich precipitates, which can change the distribution of solute atoms and promote the evolution of microstructure. But the coarse primary precipitates will embrittle the alloys and consume more solute atoms (erbium, copper, magnesium), having a certain inhibitory effect. After heat treatment, the solid solution decomposes to form secondary Al₃Er precipitates, which further strengthens the alloy. In particular, the alloy with the highest erbium content shows the best comprehensive tensile properties at as-cast and heat-treatment conditions.     

Effect of cooling rate on microstructure,microsegregation and mechanical properties of cast Ni-based superalloy K417G

The effects of different solidification rates after pouring on the microstructures,microsegregation and mechanical properties of cast superalloy K417 G were investigated.Scheil-model was applied to calculate the temperature range of solidification.The casting mould with different casting runners was designed to obtain three different cooling rates.The microstructures were observed and the microsegregation was investigated.Also,high temperature tensile test was performed at 900?C and stress rupture test was performed at 950?C with the stress of 235 MPa.The results showed that the secondary dendrite arm spacing,microsegregation,the size and volume fraction of γ'phase and the size of γ/γ'eutectic increased with decreasing cooling rate,but the volume fraction of γ/γ' eutectic decreased.In the cooling rate range of 1.42?C s~(-1)–0.84?C s~(-1),the cast micro-porosities and carbides varied little,while the volume fraction and size of phase and γ/γ' eutectic played a decisive role on mechanical properties.The specimen with the slowest cooling rate of 0.84?C s~(-1) showed the best comprehensive mechanical properties.     

Effects of cooling rate control during the solidification process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy used for surgical implants

Both dendritic structure and equiaxed grain structure are produced in cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy by control of the cooling rate of castings during the solidification process, to determine whether a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the alloy can be obtained. The different structural characteristics of the two kinds of casting are examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Tensile and fatigue tests as well as hardness measurement are carried out using individually cast test-pieces. Fracture surface appearance characteristics of tensile and fatigue specimens are also studied. It is concluded that the mechanical properties, including both transient and permanent properties, of the equiaxed grain structure castings obtained by fast cooling are superior to those found in the coarse dendritic structure castings.     

离心压力和冷却速度对AZ91镁合金凝固组织的影响

旨在优化AZ91镁合金凝固组织,通过OM和XRD设备研究了不同离心压力和冷却速度对AZ91镁合金凝固组织演变的影响,结果表明,随着离心压力的增大,合金晶粒尺寸细化,第二相β(Mg12Al17)析出量减少,不保温试样,β相形态由粗大连续网状向细小断续状转变,保温试样,β相为粒状弥散分布晶内,压力增大,颗粒数量减小,粒径细化.同等凝固压力下,增大冷速,一次β相析出量增多,二次β相析出量减少.XRD分析表明,增大离心压力β相峰值略微减弱,α-Mg的晶格常数减小.     

Processing,microstructure and properties of in-situ reinforced SiC matrix composites

SiC matrix composites were fabricated by in-situ formation of transition metal boride and carbide particles from oxide powders by carbothermal reactions. Dense composites with various microstructures were produced by pressureless sintering and additional hot-isostatic pressing. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites were dependent upon the pressureless-sintering temperature. The use of submicron-sized TiO₂ lead to fine and equiaxial TiB₂ particulates. The composites exhibited high flexural strengths (>700 MPa). At higher sintering temperatures, the grain growth of SiC swept the boride into clusters with larger sizes and anisotropic shapes, which improved the fracture toughness of the composite at the expense of strength.     

Ce对铸态5356铝合金组织性能的影响

为探索稀土元素Ce对5356铝合金组织性能的影响,本文采用气泡浮游法,通过添加不同成分微量的稀土元素Ce精炼制备出含Ce不同含量的5356铝合金,通过显微组织观察、室温拉伸试验、密度测试等方法研究了在5356铝合金基体中添加稀土元素Ce对其组织性能的影响.实验结果表明:合金的力学性能及密度随着Ce添加量的增加而得到改善;稀土元素Ce既能够提高合金的抗拉强度、断后伸长率及硬度等力学性能,又能够提高合金的致密度使得铸锭中的气孔或疏松减少;添加Ce质量分数为0.4%时,其力学性能改善效果最佳,抗拉强度达到245.8 MPa,屈服强度为101.24 MPa,断后伸长率增加至29.05%,其密度也达到最大,相对提高了0.67%.     

高Nb-TiAl合金的凝固组织与力学性能研究

研究了Al含量变化对高Nb-TiAl合金的凝固组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着Al含量的增加,TiAl合金晶粒尺寸呈增加趋势;当Al含量为45.7%时,凝固过程中局部区域发生包晶转变,使晶粒尺寸显著增大;室温及700℃高温拉伸强度随着Al含量的增加而呈增加的趋势,但发生包晶转变致使室温及700℃高温拉伸强度下降约200MPa;Al含量对延伸率不敏感,持久性能随Al含量的增加呈增加趋势.为控制铸锭凝固后的组织与力学性能,尽量避开包晶转变区,合金中Al含量应低于45.7%.     

高温多向异步轧制对LZ91镁锂合金组织和力学性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用异步轧制、多向异步轧制、高温异步轧制、高温多向异步轧制四种不同的方式轧制双相镁锂合金板材。通过光学显微镜、MTS E43拉伸试验机和X射线衍射仪观察不同工艺轧制后合金的显微组织、力学性能以及织构特征,综合分析温度和轧制方向条件耦合对镁锂合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:四种轧制工艺可以使α-Mg相沿轧制方向伸长,同时沿着轧制方向法向细化。高温多向异步轧制后α相厚度最低为2.6μm。多向异步轧制后材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率分别为149,167 MPa,14.5%,其综合力学性能最优。多向轧制使双峰织构沿ND方向45°偏转,高温轧制使双峰织构由基极向RD方向偏转的角度降低。轧制后样品R-cube织构组分最强,高温多向异步轧制使β-Li相轧制织构转变成为{001}〈100〉织构,有利于{011}〈111〉滑移系发生多滑移。     

Effect of cooling rate on the high strain rate properties of boron steel

In this work, the effect of cooling rate on the high strain rate behavior of hardened boron steel was investigated. A furnace was used to austenize boron sheet metal blanks which were then quenched in various media. The four measured cooling rates during the solid state transformation were: 25 (compressed air quench), 45 (compressed air quench), 250 (oil quench) and 2200 °C/s (water quench). Micro-hardness measurements and optical microscopy verified the expected as-quenched microstructure for the various cooling rates. Miniature dog-bone specimens were machined from the quenched blanks and tested in tension at a quasi-static rate, 0.003 s⁻¹ (Instron) and a high rate, 960 s⁻¹ (split Hopkinson tensile bar). The resulting stress vs. strain curves showed that the UTS increased from 1270 MPa to 1430 MPa as strain rate increased for the specimens cooled at 25 °C/s, while the UTS increased from 1615 MPa to 1635 MPa for the specimens cooled at 2200 °C/s. The high rate tests showed increased ductility for the 25, 45 and 250 °C/s specimens, while the specimens cooled at 2200 °C/s showed a slight decrease. The Hollomon hardening curve was fit to the true stress vs. true strain curves and showed that the mechanical response of the high rate tests exhibited a greater rate of hardening prior to fracture than the quasi-static tests. The hardening rate also increased for the specimens quenched at higher cooling rates. Optical micrographs of the fractured specimens showed that the failure mechanism transformed from a ductile-shear mode at the lower cooling rates to a shear mode at the high cooling rates.