Research on the Planning and Development of Industrial Cities in the Middle East Arab Countries Under the Belt and Road Initiative

Industrial city is an important concept in urban planning.This paper discusses the connotation,origination,quantity,scale,type,distribution,achievements,and planning characteristics of industrial cities in the Middle East Arab countries through literature,statistical,and comparative analyses.It identifies the problems and challenges industrial cities in the Middle East Arab countries are facing and proposes relevant countermeasures for their transformation under the new situation of the Belt and...     

Beijing:Government-Led Development of Cultural and Creative Industrial Clusters

The development of creative cities in China currently shows strong government-led characteristics.Therefore,taking Beijing as an example,this paper discusses the government-led development model of cultural and creative industrial clusters.By analyzing the cultural and creative resources in Beijing,it explores the approaches initiated by the Municipal Government to promote cultural and creative industrial clusters.Based on the exploration of the industrial structure and spatial distribution of such clusters,this paper points out their role in urban renewal,industrial heritage utilization,New Countryside Construction,industrial park development,etc.,and further proposes measures for their future improvement.     

Study on the Modes of Chinese Overseas Industrial Cooperation Zones Along the Belt and Road

China has established overseas industrial cooperation zones along the Belt and Road as a key platform for the advancement of the Belt and Road construction and international economic and trade cooperation,aiming to facilitate deep economic integration,promote mutual benefit,and achieve win-win results with countries along the Belt and Road.This paper firstly explains the definition and connotation of overseas industrial cooperation zones against the background of the Belt and Road Initiative,and...     

Environmental Problems of Openning Cities in China During the Development of Internationalization

The Seventy of Environmental Problems ofMetropolis in Developing CountriesSince the human society entered by the era ofindustrialization and internationalization,thecontracdiction between urban development and environ-ment has been always besetting scholars governments andsocieties:especially that the formation and development ofextra—large cities in many developing countries were madeat the expense of sacrificing the environmental and livingqualities.Not only various morbid states ever besetting thedeveloped countries have reappeared,but the”excessive ur-ban diseases”due to urban spawl going beyong the econom-ic development also appeared in those cities:excessive den-sity of constant urban population and rudimentary indus-tries,over loading of low-level urban infrastructure and avariety of serious industrial and bio-chemicalpo pulations…,from which various kinds of explosiveecological.economical and social crisis have arrisen making some extra-large cities of poor countries the mostunstable and uns     

Practice on Urban Regeneration Planning for Traditional Industrial City of Wuhan

Amid the transitional period of rapid urbanization,Wuhan,as a traditional industrial base for decades,is exploring a regeneration way for its industrial areas,which should be in line with its current development and local characteristics.Taking the urban industrial parks as example,this article summarizes the regeneration modes of the traditional industrial base of Wuhan,and proposes suggestions to the regeneration of old urban industrial areas,as well as the conservation of urban industrial heritages,from the perspective of integral urban development strategy.     

Research on New Urban Area Planning Based on TOD Mode:A Study on Binhu New District of Hefei City

As an urban development mode,the TOD (Transit-oriented Development) mode,targeted at energy-saving and based on the public transportation system,has positive significance for solving problems like disordered urban sprawl and traffic congestion in Chinese cities.This article takes Binhu New District of Hefei as an example to illustrate the practice of the TOD mode in the urban design of large and medium-sized cities.The paper analyzes the relationship between the new district,central urban area,and public transportation development,and puts forward that the TOD mode is suitable for Bihu New District.It states that the TOD mode can be realized through methods such as the building of a "double-rapid" comprehensive public transportation network,the setting up of decentralized-compact urban clusters and TOD communities,the mixevd land-use,as well as the scenery design with complete walking space.The paper also proposes that certain flexible methods can be adopted in order to promote the TOD mode,including making full use of bus transit when rail transit is lacked,setting up TOD communities surrounding the transport hubs,etc.     

Putting Places First in Competitive Urban Transformation European Urban Creativity Perspectives and the City of Sarajevo

The inter-urban competition seems to be of paramount importance for city-development today. The extensive reliance of competitiveness-oriented urban governance agendas on the knowledge-based, ＂new＂ economy, introduced the notion of ＂creativity＂ into discussion on the future of urban development. Though still on the margins of serious urban theory, the discourse on ＂creative cities＂ that emerged in the early 2000s, has already had massive influence on the ways in which cities are managed and transformed in Europe. After examination of how the competitiveness-oriented strategies based on creativity and related to the qualities of place increase cultural and social sustainability of urban transformation and development, this paper briefly rethinks the current urban development policy of the city of Sarajevo in relation to the notion of ＂place＂, by leaning on the contemporary European urban development paradigm. The conclusion points out that the sustainable increase of urban competitiveness in Sarajevo should be pursued by the development projects of urban transformation promoting creative knowledge sector, based on the inclusive cultural urban narratives related to places, thus assuring simultaneous growth of creative knowledge industries and preservation of diverse social geography.     

Response of Urban Planning to Climate Change in Rapidly Urbanizing Area: A Case Study of Nanjing

Global climate change is the greatest challenge for the survival of civilization in human history, to which a lot of countries all over the world have taken measures including the administrative and technical approaches in the field of urban planning. However, those approaches are mainly in line with the traditional urban planning principles and methodologies, with weak guidance to practice. Especially for the areas which are undergoing rapid urbanization, it is urgent to work on the critical problem of how to draw up city and regional plans to deal with the challenge of climate change by innovating the existing urban planning principles and methodologies. Taking Nanjing as example, this paper firstly puts forward the strategic principles to deal with the climate change in city master planning, including controlling urbanization speed and restricting disordered urban sprawl, balancing ecological system, protecting green spaces and ecologically fragile areas, enhancing the resilient ability to natural disasters and protecting urban security, and promoting sustainable development, etc., then presents the sustainable and flexible urban planning methods including adaptability assessment on spatial development, identification and delimitation of important ecological protection zones, risk assessment and early warning of disasters, clean pro- duction and energy-saving approaches, etc. It further explores some measures to addressing the issue of climate change that are applied in the new City Master Plan of Nanjing, including ① controlling the sprawl of construction land and protecting the ecological carbon sink spaces in order to weaken the impacts of climate change; ② guaranteeing the safety of ecological pattern and maintaining the balance of the urban eco-system in order to ensure the stability of local micro-climate and livable environment; ③ strengthening the regional flood-prevention in order to weaken the threat of natural disasters caused by climate change; ④ giving priority to public transportation and reducing carbon emissions in order to reduce the impacts of urban activities on the atmosphere.     

Glossary

<正>Brownfield(棕地zōng dì):Brownfield refers to the abandoned and polluted lands for industrial,commercial,and other uses.It appeared firstly in the industrial cities of developed countries in the late 1950s and early 1960s,along with the shift of productions and the closing of factories as inevitable consequence of the socio-economic transition from industrialization to postindustrialization and the process of globalization.     

Scale,Site Selection and Function of Economic and Technological Development Zones

This article analyses different characteristics of scale,site selection and function of the current economic andtehnological development zones in our country.It further proposes that it is inappropriate for the economic andtechnological development zones to follow the“pattern of the special zones”,but a new pattern of“small scale,unitaryfunction and closeness to old city”should be adopted to fit in with the practical conditions in our country.The scale,landuse structure and the relations between the development zone and the old city are the basic issues in planning forthe development zones.These three essential elements constitute the pattern of planning which determines to a certainextent the success or failure of the development zones.     

The Establishment of the Yangtze River Delta Cities and Towns System with Shanghai as the Center

The Existing big cities in the world arenow facing problems caused by the fast in-crease of industry and population and theyhave adopted some measures for these prob-lems.It has become the main trend for bigcities of industrial countries to change de-velopment direction from concentration todecentralization.With the deepening of our urban andrural reform drive and the unexpected de-velopment of productivity,our cities are ex-periencing rapid growth,especially     

The Historical Evolution of Chinese Urban Morphology

China has had a long urban experience. The existence oftowns in China can be dated to 2600 BC, and the pattern of urbanmorphology were essentially different from those in other majorcultural regions, which represents one of the major forms of urbangrowth of the world. This paper describes the characteristics andhistorical development of Chinese urban morphology. The centrallocation of political and administrative buildings, a grid-iron streetpattern, symmetrical layout and axis are the most important charac-teristics of Chinese traditional cities, which reflected the distinctivepolitical and economic system and cultural traditions of China. Polit-ical forces play a key role in shaping this urban pattern. The histori-cal development of Chinese urban morphology experienced fourphases: the walled city (770 BC——AD 906), the open city (618——1840), the colonial city (1840——1949), and the modern city(1949——1985). Each of these phases has its distinct characteris-tics and different planning philosophies reflecting the current na-tional political and economic development. The central feature of ur-ban development in China is that the process has been controlledto a large extent by the highly centralized government. After 1949,Chinese cities experienced a fundamental transformation in their in-ternal structure and morphology which reflect the communist idealsin urban planning. The key aims of urban planning in communistChina is to establish a highly productive and convenient living envi-ronment, and to reduce the gaps between city and countryside in or-der to achieve a new type of socialist city with 'classless' or 'uni-form socio-economic characteristic.     

New Problems Facing the Urban Development of Haikou

In the past few years since the implementation of the master plan of the city ofHaikou,a rapid development has been achieved in the urban construction and,at thesame time,quite a few new problems have emerged.Taking these problems into consid-eration,the author puts forward his detailed analysis and ideas on the six aspects suchas the urban planning of Haikou in view of a wider scale,the construction arrange-ment in the city center,the determination of standard and mode of new zone develop-ment,the rational intensity of development in the financial and trade zones,the com-prehensive measures for improving the urban transportation system and the improve-ment of the level of cultural civilization.     

阿富汗的城市重建之战

Twenty-three years of conflict and chronic under-investment have devastated the urban housing stock and physical infrastructure of Afghanistan. However, the financial support for urban development lag behind other strategic sectors while cities are expected to play a leading role in the reconstruction. With one of the highest urban growth in Asia, the cities in Afghanistan claim comprehensive investment, balanced urban development plans and immediate actions to meet the severe challenge. In this regard UN-HABITAT has been supporting the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing in developing many reconstruction programmes.     

The Issue of Street Construction in the Transformation of Old City Areas in Medium-and-Small-Sized Cities

Excerpts: The rapid economic development of cities provides the material basis for the transformation of the oldcities. The reconstruction of streets is the first issue being looked at. In the past few years,experiences have beengained and problems encountered. For instance, only some sections of the streets are reconstructed, the scale and de-velopment program of reconstruction are decided without any comprehensive, conceptual planning program, Thispaper attempts to analyse the reasons and defects of the past practice and some suggestions are made on improve-ment measures. It is pointed out in particular, that the transformation of streets should be based in the need, devel-opment potential, characteristics and specific role of the cities in order to enable the streets to be reconstructed incoordination with the transformation of the cities as a whole.     

城市集水区管理和污染控制

The evolution of human civilization and urbanization has been centered around catchment (watershed, river basins) areas. As evident from the archaeological ruins of the earlier civilizations, the decision makers and planners recognized the importance of catchment areas as the physical planning units for urban development.However, in the post-industrial era, the practice of catchment management has often been ignored. With the increasing industrialization and transport network, the pace of urbanization has gained momentum. The cities,which were earlier created for specific functions and carrying capacities, are increasingly expected to meet the demands of multiple economic activities and growing population. The run-away growth in urbanization without commensurate backup infrastructure for civic amenities has taken its toll through increasing pollution.Pollution and associated problems are, to a great extent, attributable to lack of environmental considerations in planning and management of urban systems. The urban centres are confronted with various kinds of pollution,the nature and extent of which depend on the sources of pollution as well as physiographic conditions such as watershed and airshed. The present proper focuses on water pollution, which has a direct bearing on the urban catchment management. This article gives an introduction to urban catchment management and pollution control.     

The Practice of the Comprehensive Traffic Planning for the City of Chongqing

This article discribes the comprehensive traffic planning of Cho-ngqing, an extra-large industrial city in the southwest of China,which has a geographical importance and hilly terrain. The plan-ning stresses the needs to meet the city's future socio-economic de-velopment strategy, the guarantee for the realization of urban devel-opment strategy and the solutions to the conspicuous traffic prob-lems.     

An Institutional Analysis on China’s “Urban Disease”

This paper aims to clarify the institutional causes of China’s"urban disease"and propose solutions to counter it.The institutional causes summarized in the paper include the fiscal and taxation system,land system,planning system,the central-local relations,and so forth.By influencing the behavior of municipal governments,these factors not only produce excessive incentives for cities to pursue urban development,but also result in"urban disease"in Chinese cities.Based on such an analysis,this paper puts forward some thoughts and suggestions on gradual reforms in the future to help mitigate China’s"urban disease."     

Study on Emphases and Trend of Tianjin Urban Public Safety Planning from the View of Bohai Rim Megalopolis

Nowadays urban public safety has been an important subject of study in urban planning study. And planners realized that a safe city is very important for sustainable development. Traditional urban public safety planning begins to perfect the contents and method. And regional research is an important aspect in the improvement of new era urban public safety planning. This paper chooses Tianjin, the important city in Bohai rim area as the example for research. Tianjin urban public safety planning includes not only comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction, effectively preventing and reducing disasters, ensuring the safety of the life and property of the residents, but also sharing resources and facilities from the view of megalopolis, eliminating hidden area troubles, reducing whole environment risks and so on.     

Concept and Method of Asset-Based Community Development Planning: A Case Study on Minlecun Community in Chongqing’s Yuzhong District

With the transformation of the Chinese economy from an extensive growth to intensive development, city development is also gradually turning from incremental construction to stock management. Community, as a basic unit of human settlements, is an important platform to build and improve the social governance capability. In 2013, Shiyoulu Jiedao Offi ce of Yuzhong District led the 1st urban community development planning, which was a milestone of Chongqing’s city regeneration and governance innovation. This paper focuses on two key issues: how to understand the community values and make the community development planning based on the above, and how to integrate with the local forces so that the community development planning can be integrated into the action plan. Combined with the practice of Minlecun Community Development Planning, using the concept of asset-based community development, a comprehensive survey is conducted on community assets(including three aspects of physical, human, and social capital), and a community comprehensive planning strategy is formulated which covers two parts: the optimization of community spaces and the upgrading of community governance. The paper explores the local-based community planning theories and methods from such aspects as value attitude, public participation, role transformation of urban planners, and others.