流变成形压力对Al2Y/AZ91镁基复合材料摩擦磨损行为的影响

采用销盘式摩擦副,在转速为100 r/min干摩擦条件下,结合OM、SEM结果,考察了不同载荷与成形压力对流变成形Al2Y/AZ91镁基复合材料(质量分数2%Y)摩擦磨损性能的影响,并探究耐磨性与材料显微组织、力学性能之间的关系.研究表明:在相同的实验载荷下,随着制备复合材料流变成形压力的增加,材料的磨损质量和摩擦系数减少,本实验条件下最大成形压力为100 MPa时磨损量和摩擦系数最小,摩擦磨损性能较佳;对于在相同成形压力下制备的镁基复合材料,磨损质量随着载荷的提升而增大,而摩擦系数有所降低.当载荷较小时,Al2Y/AZ91镁基复合材料的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主;随着载荷的增大,磨损机制逐步发生转变;当载荷较大时,磨损机制以剥层磨损为主.     

AZ80A、ZK60A和ME20M镁合金干摩擦学性能研究

镁合金被广泛应用于航空航天、汽车及军事等领域,但其摩擦学性能对零部件的服役寿命和可靠性具有重大影响.本研究采用往复式球-盘摩擦方式,通过与GCr15钢球配副,研究干摩擦条件下AZ80A、ZK60A和ME20M镁合金在不同滑动速度和载荷条件下的摩擦磨损行为.采用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪分析镁合金的显微结构及磨损机理.结果表明:当滑动速度超过0.10 m/s时,随着速度的增加,合金的摩擦系数逐渐降低,而磨损率则先减小后增大,其原因在于摩擦热的作用导致摩擦表面形成了氧化物,同时材料表面软化,剪切力降低,使摩擦系数和磨损率不断减小;当滑动速度增加到0.20 m/s时,摩擦表面温度升高,金属软化导致磨损表面金属氧化物剥落,增大了合金的磨损率.随着载荷的增加,合金的摩擦系数和磨损率持续降低.干摩擦条件下镁合金的磨损机理逐渐由磨粒磨损和塑性变形转变为磨粒磨损、氧化磨损、粘着磨损和塑性变形.与ZK60A和ME20M相比,AZ80A镁合金表现出较好的摩擦学性能,这归因于合金的高硬度、β-Mg17 Al12硬质相的支撑作用以及摩擦过程中形成的氧化物.     

环境和法向载荷对(TiVCrAlMo)N高熵合金薄膜摩擦学性能的影响

本工作研究了(TiVCrAlMo)N高熵合金薄膜在干摩擦、16烷、去离子水及三种粘度润滑油(0W-20、10W-30及5W-40)下的摩擦学行为,并探究了不同载荷(1 N、2 N和3 N)对其摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明：1 N和2 N下,高熵合金薄膜在16烷和润滑油中的摩擦系数远低于在干摩擦和去离子水中的摩擦系数,但在3 N下,高熵合金薄膜在去离子水中的摩擦系数出现大幅下降。在油润滑下,高熵合金薄膜在低粘度润滑油(0W-20)中的磨损率随载荷的增加而增大,而在中粘度润滑油(10W-30)中的磨损率随载荷的增加而减小,但在高粘度润滑油(5W-40)中的磨损率与载荷之间无明显的线性关系。高熵合金薄膜在干摩擦中的磨损机制是磨粒磨损和分层磨损,但随载荷的增加还伴有氧化磨损;在16烷中的磨损机制是疲劳磨损和氧化磨损,但在1 N下仅为轻微磨粒磨损;在去离子水中的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。高熵合金薄膜在低粘度润滑油(0W-20)中1 N下的磨损机制是轻微磨粒磨损,但随载荷的增加转为疲劳磨损;相反的是,在中粘度润滑油(10W-30)中的磨损机制是疲劳磨损,但随载荷的增加转为轻微磨粒磨损;此外,高熵...     

镁合金AZ31的磨损性能研究

研究了滑动干摩擦条件下载荷和时间对镁合金AZ31磨损性能的影响.采用扫描电镜观察分析了磨损表面,讨论了不同载荷下的主要磨损形式.结果表明:合金的磨损质量损失在不同的载荷下均随磨损时间的增加而呈线性增加,载荷增加使磨损失重增加更显著.分析认为随载荷增加磨损形式经历了由氧化磨损,磨粒磨损到剥落磨损的变化过程.     

TiCp/ZA-12复合材料磨损行为的研究

采用XD^TM与搅拌铸造技术相结合的工艺制备TiCp/ZA-12复合材料。利用MM－200摩擦磨损测试仪测试干摩擦条件下这种复合材料的磨损性能。研究了TiC颗粒含量、应用载荷和滑动距离对其磨损程度的影响。结果表明：复合材料的磨损率低于基体合金磨损率，且磨损率随TiC颗粒含量的增加而减小；增大应用载荷和滑动距离，并且复合材料和基体ZA－12合金的磨损程度均增加，但复合材料的增幅明显偏小。同时发现，在磨损过程中存在瞬变载荷，当应用载荷低于瞬变载荷时，磨损表现为微磨损，当高于瞬变载荷时为剧烈磨损，复合材料的瞬变载荷比基体合金高得多。最后分析了复合材料和基体合金的磨面形貌。     

高Cu铸造铝合金的摩擦磨损性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用压铸工艺制备Cu含量为5%~20%(质量分数,下同)的Al-Cu合金试样。在布氏硬度计上测定试样的硬度,利用球盘往复式磨损试验机进行3种载荷(1~5 N)的磨损实验,通过SEM和EDS分析不同Cu含量试样的磨损机理。结果表明:随着Cu含量从5%增加至20%,Al-Cu合金中θ相的体积分数由2.00%增加到25.80%,且θ相的尺寸逐渐增大;硬度从59HB增加到170HB。摩擦因数在0.4~0.85范围内变化;Al-Cu合金试样的比磨损率随Cu含量增加先急剧降低后趋于平缓,Cu含量达到15%以上合金试样比磨损率变化不大,最低比磨损率在4.1×10^(-4)mm 3·N^(-1)·m^(-1)左右;较低Cu含量试样的比磨损率随载荷变化显著,随着Cu含量增加比磨损率差别减小。Al-Cu合金的主要磨损机制为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损,低Cu含量试样以黏着磨损为主,高Cu含量试样以磨粒磨损为主;随着载荷的增加,低Cu含量试样黏着磨损程度增加,高Cu含量试样磨粒磨损程度增加。     

稀土Y和Sm对AZ91 D镁合金组织与性能的影响

采用控制变量法研究单一稀土Y和复合稀土Y,Sm元素对AZ91D镁合金微观组织与力学性能的影响,分析稀土元素对AZ91D合金的细化机理。结果表明：复合添加稀土Y和Sm对AZ91D合金的作用效果明显好于单一添加稀土Y对AZ91D合金的作用效果,添加Y和Sm后,生成了块状相Al₂Y相和针状相Al₂Sm相,可以作为α-Mg的有效异质形核点。当加入量为0.8%（质量分数,下同）Y+1.0% Sm时,α-Mg晶粒尺寸最为细小,分布最为均匀,其合金的硬度、抗拉强度及伸长率分别为67.42HV,153.37 MPa和3.62%,改善了铸态AZ91D合金的室温力学性能,但是超过这个最佳添加量后,合金的室温力学性能开始下降。     

挤压复合AZ91-(SiC_(P)/AZ91)复合板材显微组织和力学性能EI北大核心

在300,350,400℃下成功通过挤压复合法制备多层AZ91-(SiC_(P)/AZ91)复合板,探究AZ91-(SiC_(P)/AZ91)复合板中SiC_(P)/AZ91复合材料层和AZ91层的显微组织演变、界面的演化机制和力学性能变化规律。结果表明:热挤压复合中,AZ91-(SiC_(P)/AZ91)多层复合板中合金层发生完全动态再结晶,晶粒细化,合金组织随挤压温度的升高更均匀,而且外层合金层比内层合金层晶粒尺寸略大;SiC_(P)/AZ91复合材料层同样发生完全动态再结晶,晶粒尺寸小于合金层,随着挤压温度的升高,SiC_(P)的分布更加均匀;不同挤压温度下AZ91-(SiC_(P)/AZ91)复合板合金层与复合材料层界面均未出现明显的分层以及开裂现象;AZ91-(SiC_(P)/AZ91)复合板的室温力学强度位于AZ91合金与SiC_(P)/AZ91复合材料之间,SiC_(P)/AZ91层中SiC_(P)与基体界面脱粘是导致复合板材失效的主要原因。     

AZ91D镁合金表面Ni-铅基巴氏合金双镀层的摩擦磨损性能

为了改善镁合金的摩擦学性能,采用化学镀镍与热浸镀铅基巴氏合金相结合的方法。在AZ91D镁合金表面获得了Ni-铅基巴氏合金双镀层。用JEOLJSM-7001F型扫描电镜观察了镀层的形貌,以CETRUMT-2型球盘试验机研究了干摩擦条件下AZ91D镁合金基体和Ni-铅基巴氏合金镀层的摩擦学性能及摩擦后的表面磨痕轮廓特征。研究发现,镁合金基体与Ni-铅基巴氏合金镀层载荷为0．5N时平均摩擦系数分别为0．397和0．145,磨损率分别为3．180×10-3,9．826×10-5mm3／（m·N）;载荷为2N时摩擦系数分别为0．346和0．254。磨损率分别为1．991×10-3,7．763×10-5mm3／（m·N）。结果表明,Ni-铅基巴氏合金双层镀层使镁合金表面的减摩性能得到显著提高,同时也有效地提高了基体的耐磨性能。     

空心玻璃微珠/超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料低速重载工况下的摩擦磨损性能

为提升超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)材料在低速、重载工况下的摩擦磨损性能,使用经偶联剂表面处理的空心玻璃微珠(HGM)对UHMWPE进行填充改性,通过热压成型工艺制备HGM/UHMWPE复合材料。对HGM/UHMWPE复合材料的硬度、结晶度等进行表征,并对该材料进行干摩擦环境下的重载球盘往复摩擦试验以测定其摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,添加少量HGM可以提高UHMWPE的硬度与结晶度。当摩擦时间较短时,加入HGM会在一定程度上增大UHMWPE的摩擦系数,同时磨损率随复合材料中HGM含量的增加而先降低后升高,当HGM含量为1wt%时,复合材料磨损率最低,在50 N与100 N两种法向载荷的摩擦试验中相比于纯UHMWPE磨损率分别降低44.7%与48.4%。随着摩擦时间的增长,复合材料摩擦系数与磨损率均有不同程度的升高。当摩擦时间达到120 min时,HGM含量为2wt%的复合材料平均摩擦系数最低。此时添加少量HGM的HGM/UHMWPE复合材料在磨损率上与纯UHMWPE磨损率接近。     

The sliding wear behavior of TiCp/AZ91 magnesium matrix composites

The AZ91 metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with 5, 10 and 15 wt.% TiC particulates are fabricated by TiC_p–Al master alloy process combined with mechanical stirring. The effects of TiC particulate content, applied load and wearing time on the sliding wear behaviors of the composites were investigated using MM-200 wear testing apparatus. The results show that the wear resistance and friction coefficient of the composites increased and decreased with increase of the TiC particulate content, respectively. The wear volume loss and friction coefficient of the reinforced composites as well as the unreinforced AZ91 matrix alloy increased with increase of applied load or wearing time, but the increase rates of the reinforced composites in two performance is lower than those of the unreinforced AZ91 matrix alloy. Furthermore, the sliding wear behavior of the composites and the unreinforced AZ91 matrix alloy is characterized by ploughing, adhesion and oxidation abrasion.     

Self-lubricate and anisotropic wear behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy reinforced with ternary Ti2AlC MAX phases

The dry sliding wear behavior of Ti₂AlC reinforced AZ91 magnesium composites was investigated at sliding velocity of 0.5 m/s under loads of 10, 20, 40 and 80 N using pin-on-disk configuration against a Cr15 steel disc. Wear rates and friction coefficients were registered during wear tests. Worn tracks and wear debris were examined by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy in order to obtain the wear mechanisms of the studied materials. The main mechanisms were characterized as the magnesium matrix oxidation and self-lubrication of Ti₂AlC MAX phase. In all conditions, the composites exhibit superior wear resistance and self-lubricated ability than the AZ91 Mg alloy. In addition, the anisotropic mechanisms in tribological properties of textured Ti₂AlC-Mg composites were confirmed and discussed.     

Effect of SiC nanoparticles on the wear behaviour of squeeze-cast AZ91–2.0Ca–0.3Sb alloy

The dry sliding wear behaviour of the AZ91–2.0Ca–0.3Sb alloy and the AZ91–2.0Ca–0.3Sb–xSiC_np nanocomposites have been investigated. The wear rate is lower for all the nanocomposites compared to the alloy. All the nanocomposites demonstrate the lower specific wear rates than the alloy. Among the nanocomposites, the one containing 2.0SiC_np exhibits the best tribological performance. The values of the coefficient of friction are lower for the nanocomposites than the alloy. The abrasion, adhesion, oxidation, and delamination are the dominant wear mechanisms. The 3D topography depicts that the addition of SiC_np to the AZ91–2Ca–0.3Sb alloy results in the reduced surface roughness during the wear tests, confirming the superior wear behaviour of the nanocomposites compared to the alloy.     

Characterization of AZ91/alumina nanocomposite produced by FSP

The microstructures, wear property and micro-hardness of AZ91 Mg alloy/alumina particle reinforced nano-composite produced by friction stir processing (FSP) were investigated. The initial microstructures of the AZ91 were composed of irregularly distributed β-phases (Al₁₂Mg₁₇), while the FSPed specimens were characterized by the homogeneous distribution of alumina particles, the recrystallized grain structure and the dissolution of β-phase. The results showed an improvement in the hardness, wear property of the FSPed zone as results of more grain refinement and pinning effect of nano-alumina particles as compared to those of the base metal. The hardness of the FSPed zone was a higher and more homogeneously distributed and the wear resistance as evaluated by Dry sliding wear tests, was superior, as compared with the base metal.     

Machining characteristics,wear and corrosion behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy - fly ash composites produced by friction stir processing

In the present work, fine grained AZ91 magnesium alloy – fly ash composite has been successfully fabricated by friction stir processing. Microhardness measurements show marginally higher hardness with uniform distribution compared with the base material. No significant difference in the mean cutting force was observed during drilling of the base metal and the composite. However, lower cutting forces were recorded in the sub-surface region of the composites. Interestingly, decreased corrosion resistance was noticed for the composite compared with the base material. Lower mass loss has been observed for the composite during reciprocating wear experiments. The results strongly suggest that the surface composite of AZ91 magnesium alloy – fly ash exhibits better mechanical and wear properties. However, decreased corrosion resistance is a significant observation that warns the applicability of these composites in corroding environment.     

Microstructures and wear property of friction stir welded AZ91 Mg/SiC particle reinforced composite

The microstructures and wear property of friction stir welded AZ91 Mg alloy/SiC particle reinforced composite (AZ91/SiC/10p) were investigated. The initial microstructures of the AZ91/SiC/10p were composed of irregularly distributed β-phases (Al₁₂Mg₁₇) and agglomerated SiC particles, while the friction stir weld zone was characterized by the homogeneous distribution of SiC particles, the recrystallized grain structure and the dissolution of β-phase. Thank to the microstructural modification, an improvement in the hardness and wear property of the weld zone were observed as compared to those of the base metal. The hardness near the weld zone was a higher and more homogeneously distributed and the wear resistance within the weld zone, as evaluated by the specific wear loss, was superior, as compared with the base metal.     

Compressive Creep Behavior of TiC/AZ91D Magnesium-matrix Composites with Interpenetrating Networks

The 42.1 vol. pct TiC/AZ91D magnesium-matrix composites with interpenetrating networks were fabricated by in-situ reactive infiltration process. The compressive creep behavior of as-synthesized composites was investigated at temperature ranging from 673 to 723 K under loads of 95-108 MPa. For a comparative purpose,the creep behavior of the monolithic matrix alloy AZ91D was also conducted under loads of 15-55 MPa at 548-598 K. The creep mechanisms were theoretically analyzed based on the power-law relation. The results showed that the creep rates of both TiC/AZ91D composites and AZ91D alloy increase with increasing the temperature and load. The TiC/AZ91D composites possess superior creep resistance as compared with the AZ91D alloy. At deformation temperature below 573 K, the stress exponent n of AZ91D alloy approaches theoretical value of 5, which suggests that the creep process is controlled by dislocation climb. At 598 K, the stress exponentof AZ91D is close to 3, in which viscous non-basal slip deformation plays a key role in the process of creep deformation. However, the case differs from that of AZ91D alloy when the stress exponent n of TiC/AZ91D composites exceeds 9, which shows that there exists threshold stress in the creep process of the composites, similar to other types of composites. The average activation energies for the creep of the AZ91D alloy and TiC/AZ91D composites were calculated to be 144 and 152 k J/mol, respectively. The existence of threshold stress in the creep process of the composites leads to an increase in activation energy for creep.     

An investigation on the tribological behavior of AZ91 and AZ91 + 3 wt% RE magnesium alloys at elevated temperatures

The wear behavior of AZ91 and AZ91 + 3 wt% RE magnesium alloys was investigated under a normal load of 20 N at the wear testing temperatures of 25–250 °C and sliding speeds of 0.4 and 1 m s⁻¹. As the sliding speed increased from 0.4 to 1 m s⁻¹ at the wear temperature of 25 °C, the wear rates of AZ91 and AZ91 + 3 wt% RE alloys decreased by about 8% and 60%, respectively. With an increase in the wear temperature to 100 °C, the wear rate of AZ91 alloy was reduced by 58% at a sliding speed of 0.4 m s⁻¹, while the wear rate was sharply increased at a sliding speed of 1 m s⁻¹. At higher wear temperatures, the wear of the AZ91 alloy at both sliding speeds soared as a result of the softening of β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase. However, the wear rate of AZ91 + 3 wt% RE alloy showed a minimum at the wear temperatures of 100 and 200 °C at sliding speeds of 1 and 0.4 m s⁻¹, respectively. Superior wear behavior of AZ91 + 3 wt% RE at the elevated temperatures could be attributed to its higher thermal stability and strength. Furthermore, a rise in sliding speed led to a 55% reduction in the wear rate of AZ91 + 3 wt% RE alloy at the wear temperature of 100 °C due to the formation of stable oxide layers on the wear surface.     

半固态AZ91D镁合金的压缩变形和显微组织

利用平行板触变压缩仪研究了电磁搅拌的半固态AZ91D合金试样的压缩变形和组织.结果表明:随着半固态压缩变形温度的升高,AZ91D镁合金试样变形的速度加快,即变形应变速度增大,但压缩应力不断下降;在某一载荷下,AZ91D镁合金试样压缩变形应力和应变呈明显的线性关系,与压缩温度的高低无关.随着半固态压缩载荷的提高,AZ91D镁合金试样变形的速度增加,应变速度增大,应力下降速度加快;在不同的压缩载荷下,AZ91D镁合金试样的压缩变形应力和应变都呈明显的线性关系.在实验中的各种半固态压缩变形条件下,初生α-Mg在压缩后AZ91D镁合金试样组织中的分布很均匀,几乎不存在组织偏析.当初生固相的形态呈球状结构,在相同的变形条件下,不同种类合金的半固态压缩变形规律非常相似.