PDC-SiCN陶瓷基无线无源温度传感器的制备

为了解决航空发动机的温度检测问题,提出了一种以聚合物先驱体陶瓷SiCN(PDC-SiCN)为传感器介质材料的无线无源温度传感器,并搭建了无线无源温度传感器的测试系统。PDC-SiCN陶瓷基无线无源温度传感器是以聚合物先驱体陶瓷SiCN(PDC-SiCN)作为传感器介质材料,以金属铂作为谐振腔材料。分析了PDCSiCN陶瓷基无线无源温度传感器的谐振频率与测试温度之间的关系,传感器的测试温度达到了610℃。研究发现,PDC-SiCN陶瓷基无线无源温度传感器的谐振频率随测试温度升高呈单调递减变化,通过对传感器的谐振频率与温度的关系进行多项式拟合,610℃时传感器的灵敏度为0.4705 MHz/℃。PDC-SiCN陶瓷基无线无源传感器在高温恶劣环境具有广阔的应用前景。     

有线无源PDC-SiCN陶瓷基温度传感器的设计与制备

针对航空发动机高温恶劣环境监测对耐高温传感器的需求,提出采用新型耐高温聚合物先驱体陶瓷(PDC-SiCN陶瓷)为温敏介质材料,制备被动式有线无源微波温度传感器,实现温度信息的有线无源传输。以PDC-SiCN陶瓷为填充介质,金属银作为表面层,形成谐振器;以共面波导线和共面天线为传输线,实现微波信号的传输;在谐振器的侧面开槽,实现宽频激励信号和谐振信号在传输线和谐振器之间的传输。采用HFSS软件进行结构尺寸的仿真和优化,设计出了满足最大传输效率的被动式有线无源PDC-SiCN耐高温温度传感器结构。通过以上结构设计,制备出了有线无源温度传感器。结果表明,所设计传感器的工作频率为10.16GHz,依据材料的变化特性该传感器可实现频率在500 MHz变化范围内的测量。     

高温压电加速度传感器绝对法校准

针对高温环境下压电加速度传感器的灵敏度幅值随环境温度改变而改变的问题,提出了基于正弦逼近法的耐高温压电加速度传感器绝对校准方法,并搭建相应实验校准系统。使用该方法对高温压电加速度传感器进行室温～400℃不同温度下的灵敏度测量校准试验,实验结果表明当环境温度升高时,加速度传感器的灵敏度呈现出近似线性增大的趋势。     

基于铌酸锂的高温压电加速度传感器设计

设计一种耐高温、高稳定性、高可靠性的加速度传感器,针对航空发动机高温恶劣的振动测试环境,传感器选用高居里温度的铌酸锂晶体作为压电元件,整体采用剪切式结构,利用特征系数最大的压电晶体切型,确定特征系数最大的压电晶体切向,以获得铌酸锂晶体较强的压电效应。研制双层铠装高温低噪声电缆,采用高温合金及矿物绝缘等耐高温材料,可在高温环境下长期使用,有效解决传感器小信号高温传输可靠性问题。优化设计传感器结构、封装工艺和测量系统,传感器频响、动态协议性能大为改善。通过对传感器的频率和温度响应、电容损耗等试验表明该传感器在550℃高温环境下能够保持高的可靠性和稳定性,提升航空发动机振动测试的技术能力。     

高温环境下MEMS微构件动态特性测试技术研究

基于放电激励方法建立了高温环境下MEMS微构件动态特性测试系统,该系统主要由激励装置、激光多普勒测振仪、微构件温度控制系统组成.激励装置利用尖端放电产生的激波激励微构件,通过进给机构调节电极间距以改变激励能量.激励底座是用高温胶粘接而构成的多层结构,包括微构件安装板、十字载台、陶瓷绝缘片和板电极.微构件胶粘在底座上,其振动响应信号由多普勒测振仪测量,计算机对测量数据频谱分析后得到谐振频率.编写了基于LabVIEW的微构件温度控制软件,控制测试时温度.利用该测试系统,测试了微构件在室温~500℃环境下的谐振频率,得到了谐振频率随温度变化规律.     

无源压力传感器Q值对信号传输性能的影响(英文)

为了解决无源压力传感器的无线信号传输性能问题,采用环氧树脂基底制作无源压力传感器模拟结构.传感器无线测试装置由共振电容空腔和感应天线组成,内部无需有源器件、电池等.通过改变压力敏感结构电感天线的金属层厚度和线宽等因素来研究无线信号传输性能.经过实验测试,电感的品质因素Q影响传感器的信号传输.可以通过对金属层加厚,对线宽加宽,达到减小电感的电阻,从而增大传感器电感的Q值,即有利于无线信号的传输.     

C/Si-C-N复合材料的制备及其氧化行为研究

采用CVI方法制备出了以Si-C-N陶瓷为基体以热解炭为界面的炭纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料(C/Si-C-N)。采用热重法研究了C/Si-C-N复合材料在空气中的氧化行为,并探讨了基体制备温度对复合材料抗氧化性能的影响。研究表明:不同温度下制备的复合材料,其氧化行为完全不同。高温下制备的C/Si-C-N复合材料其氧化失重随氧化温度的升高而持续增加;低温下制备的C/Si-C-N复合材料则其氧化失重先随温度的升高而增加,随后在800~1000℃之间随温度的升高而减小,接着又随温度的升高而增加。较高的制备温度可使复合材料在900℃以下温度区间的抗氧化性能得到提高,但却使900℃以上温度区间的抗氧化性能降低。     

传感器用耐高温导线研究进展

耐高温导线具有良好的高温稳定性、高温绝缘性、耐腐蚀性、磁电特性与弯绕性等优点,在传感器中用于传输信号、控制电流等。目前,进行高温测量的传感器使用温度要求高达600℃以上,传统耐高温导线已经无法满足使用要求。所以,提高耐高温导线温度特性刻不容缓。文章综述了传感器用耐高温导线材料与结构、制作过程关键工艺及研究进展,并对耐高温导线材料性能提升与发展方向作出了展望。     

硅溶胶添加对氧化铝多孔陶瓷烧结性能的影响

以煅烧α-Al2 O3粉末为原料,硅溶胶为高温结合剂,羧甲基纤维素钠为成型黏结剂,通过混料、困料、模压成型、高温烧结等工序制备氧化铝多孔陶瓷,利用SEM和XRD对多孔陶瓷微观形貌和晶体结构进行测试,并对多孔陶瓷的线收缩率、体积密度、显气孔率和抗弯强度进行表征,系统地研究硅溶胶添加对氧化铝多孔陶瓷高温烧结特性的影响.结果表明:低温下硅溶胶的热解产物石英型SiO2将氧化铝颗粒黏结起来,形成物理黏结,能提高多孔陶瓷的力学性能;烧结温度达1500℃时,SiO2开始与氧化铝反应形成莫来石,莫来石结合相的生成使得氧化铝多孔陶瓷趋于致密,力学性能优异,抗弯强度可达(105.5±8.0)MPa;随烧结温度的升高莫来石生成量增多,导致氧化铝多孔陶瓷的体积膨胀,进而使得孔隙率增大,力学性能降低.烧结温度介于1400～1500℃之间时,可以得到微观结构合理、力学性能优异、孔隙率适中的氧化铝多孔陶瓷.     

高超声速飞行器复合材料翼面结构1100℃高温环境下的热模态试验

为了在热模态试验中获得难于测量的超过1 000℃的高温环境下复合材料翼面结构的振动特性参数,将高温瞬态热试验系统与振动试验系统相结合,建立了可对高超声速飞行器耐高温复合材料翼面结构进行1 100℃高温环境下热模态研究的热/振联合试验系统。通过自行研制的耐高温陶瓷导杆引伸装置将复合材料翼面结构上的振动信号传递至非高温区域,使用常温加速度传感器对高温环境下高超声速飞行器翼面结构上的振动信号进行数据识别;并运用时-频联合分析技术对试验数据进行分析处理,实现了在1 100℃热/振复合环境下对复合材料翼面结构的模态频率、模态振型等关键振动特性参数的试验测试。研究结果为高超声速飞行器复合材料翼面结构在高温环境下的动特性分析及安全可靠性设计提供了重要依据。     

ZnO掺杂对Ca0.25(Li0.43Sm0.57)0.75TiO3陶瓷烧结性能和微波介电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Ca_0.25(Li_0.43Sm_0.57)_0.75TiO₃(CLST)微波介质陶瓷纳米粉体, 研究了ZnO掺杂量和烧结温度对CLST+ xmol% ZnO陶瓷烧结性能和微波介电性能的影响。XRD分析结果表明: 随着ZnO掺杂量x的增加, 陶瓷的晶体结构从正交相变为伪立方相, 并在x≥1.5的样品中出现了杂相。CLST+ xmol% ZnO陶瓷的致密化烧结温度随x的增加而降低, x=1.0的样品的致密化烧结温度比x=0的降低了200 ℃。介电常数ε_r和频率品质因数Qf 随x增加和烧结温度的升高具有最优值, 频率温度系数则单调降低。x=1.0的样品在1100 ℃烧结时具有优异的综合性能: ρ = 4.85 g/cm³, ε_r =102.8, Qf = 5424 GHz, τ_f = -8.2×10^-6/℃。表明ZnO掺杂的CLST陶瓷是一种很有发展潜力的微波介质陶瓷。     

RF Cavity Passive Wireless Sensors With Time-Domain Gating-Based Interrogation for SHM of Civil Structures

Many existing sensing technologies for application to the monitoring of civil structures have a serious deficiency in that they require some type of wired physical connection to the outside world. This causes significant problems in the installation and long-term use of these sensors. This paper describes a new type of passive wireless sensor that is based on resonant RF cavities, where the resonant frequency is modulated by a measurand. In the case of a strain sensor, the electrical length of the cavity directly modulates its resonant frequency. A probe inside the cavity couples RF signals from the cavity to an externally attached antenna. The sensor can then be interrogated remotely using microwave pulse-echo techniques. Such a system has the advantage of requiring no permanent physical connection between the sensor and the data acquisition system. In this type of sensor, the RF interrogation signal is transmitted to the sensor and then reradiated back to the interrogator from the sensor resulting in a signal strength that decreases with the forth power of distance. This places an upper limit on the distance over which the sensor can be interrogated. Theoretical estimates show that these sensors can be interrogated with sufficient SNR at distances exceeding 10 m for radiated powers of less than 1 mW. We present results for a strain sensor and a displacement sensor that can be interrogated at a distance of 8 m with a strain resolution of less than 10 ppm and displacement resolution of 0.01 mm, respectively.     

A Wireless, Passive Embedded Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Water Content in Civil Engineering Materials

A wireless, passive embedded sensor was applied for real-time monitoring of water content in civil engineering materials such as sands, subgrade soils, and concrete materials. The sensor, which comprised of a planar inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit, was embedded in test samples so that the internal water content of the samples could be remotely measured with a loop antenna by tracking the changes in the sensor's resonant frequency. Since the dielectric constant of water was much higher compared with that of the test samples, the presence of water in the samples increased the capacitance of the LC circuit (capacitance of the capacitor was proportional to the dielectric constant of the medium between its electrodes), thus decreasing the sensor's resonant frequency. Using the described sensor, a study was conducted to investigate the drying rate of sand samples of different grain sizes. A study was also conducted to measure the curing rate of a portland cement concrete slab during casting, and its drying rate after it has been soaked in water. The described sensor technology can be applied for long-term monitoring of localized water content inside soils and sands to understand the environmental health in these media. In addition, this sensor will be useful for monitoring water content within concrete supports and road pavements. The measurement of water content is important for civil engineering infrastructure since excess water may hasten their degradation.      

Artificial Magnetic Conductor as Planar Antenna for 5G Evolution

A 5G wireless system requests a high-performance compact antenna device. This research work aims to report the characterization and verification of the artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) metamaterial for a high-gain planar antenna. The configuration is formed by a double-side structure on an intrinsic dielectric slab. The 2-D periodic pattern as an impedance surface is mounted on the top surface, whereas at the bottom surface the ground plane with an inductive narrow aperture source is embedded. The characteristic of the resonant transmission is illustrated based on the electromagnetic virtual object of the AMC resonant structure to reveal the unique property of a magnetic material response. The characteristics of the AMC metamaterial and the planar antenna synthesis are investigated and verified by experiment using a low-cost FR4 dielectric material. The directional antenna gain is obviously enhanced by guiding a primary field radiation. The loss effect in a dielectric slab is essentially studied having an influence on antenna radiation. The verification shows a peak of the antenna gain around 9.7 dB at broadside which is improved by 6.2 dB in comparison with the primary aperture antenna without the AMC structure. The thin antenna profile of λ/37.5 is achieved at 10 GHz for 5G evolution. The emission property in an AMC structure herein contributes to the development of a low-profile and high-gain planar antenna for a compact wireless component.     

A simple dual-band microstrip-fed printed antenna for WLAN applications

A novel microstrip-fed dual-band printed antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) is presented. The antenna comprises a rectangular and a circular radiating element, which generate two resonant modes to cover 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands. The design was experimentally verified by constructing the antenna on a FR4 (ϵr = 4.4) dielectric substrate (47 mm x 26 mm x 0.76 mm) and measuring its impedance and radiation characteristics at both the bands. The measured 10 dB return loss (VSWR 2:1) bandwidth in the 2.4G Hz band is 550 MHz (2.1?2.65 GHz) and it covers the bandwidth required for 2.4 GHz WLAN. The 5.2/5.8 GHz resonant mode has a bandwidth of 950 MHz (5.15?6.1 GHz) covering 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands. A rigorous experimental evaluation confirmed that the dual-band printed antenna maintained good radiation characteristics with minimum cross-polarisation levels.     

高性能SiBN(C)陶瓷纤维的热稳定性能及透波性能

SiBN(C)陶瓷纤维因其优异的性能(高温稳定性、高温抗蠕变和高温抗氧化性能等)被认为是高温高性能陶瓷基复合材料的理想增强体。研究了SiBN(C)陶瓷纤维的热稳定性能及微观结构, 探索了SiBN(C)陶瓷纤维在1 100~1 500 ℃的抗氧化过程, 并研究了C含量对SiBN(C)陶瓷纤维介电性能的影响。结果表明: SiBN(C) 陶瓷纤维在高温热处理至1 600 ℃的N₂气氛下仍然呈现无定形结构;HT-TGA结果表明该SiBN(C)陶瓷纤维具有良好的高温热稳定性, 该陶瓷纤维的热失重率(1 450 ℃, N₂气氛)仅为1.5wt%; 同时SiBN(C)纤维也表现出优良的高温抗氧化性能, SiBN(C)陶瓷纤维在1 400 ℃, 空气中处理5 h后, 纤维致密且无裂纹, XRD分析表明SiBN(C)陶瓷仍然呈现无定形结构, 1 500 ℃处理5 h后, SiBN(C)陶瓷纤维开始出现皮芯结构, 并且出现微晶现象; XRD、SEM和EDX等测试手段表明氧化后样品的表面主要以SiO₂微晶形式存在; 介电性能研究表明当C含量低至0.1wt%时, SiBN(C)陶瓷纤维的介电常数为2.1, 介电损耗为0.001 7(频率为10 GHz)。性能评价说明该SiBN(C)陶瓷纤维可满足高温透波材料对增强体的要求。      

无铅压电陶瓷KNN常压烧结及其电学性能

用常压烧结法制备K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃陶瓷。研究烧结温度与陶瓷密度和电学性能的关系。研究表明在1065℃~1120℃范围内, 温度对陶瓷的密度有显著影响。当烧结温度为1100℃时, 密度达到4.35 g/cm³ (占理论密度的95%); 1100℃烧结的陶瓷表现出最好的电学性能, 压电常数最大118 pC/N, 相对介电常数最大达538, 介电损耗最小仅4.7%, 剩余极化强度为15.37 μC/cm², 矫顽场为13.16 kV/cm。陶瓷样品在206℃从正交结构转变到四方结构, 居里温度为410℃。     

SiBN三元陶瓷纤维的聚硼硅氮烷裂解转化制备和性能

以三氯硅烷、六甲基二硅氮烷、三氯化硼和甲胺为原料合成聚硼硅氮烷前驱体,对前驱体进行熔融纺丝和不熔化处理,将其高温裂解后制备出SiBN陶瓷纤维。使用FT-IR、NMR、XRD、TEM、TGA等表征手段研究了在不同聚合温度下聚硼硅氮烷前驱体的化学结构特征、SiBN陶瓷纤维的高温热稳定性、介电性能以及力学性能。结果表明：在不同温度下制备的聚硼硅氮烷前驱体的骨架为Si-N-B,均含有HSiN₃、BN₃及NCH₃等结构。在1400℃热处理后SiBN陶瓷纤维仍保持无定形态,直径为14 μm,拉伸强度达到0.91 GPa。在氮气气氛中SiBN陶瓷纤维从室温到1400℃的失重为1.5%,表明这种纤维具有较高的热稳定性。SiBN陶瓷纤维的介电常数为2.6~2.8,损耗角正切的数量级为10^-2。     

前驱体热解氮化硼/碳化硅复相泡沫陶瓷的抗氧化与高温隔热性能研究

以聚碳硅烷(PCS)和三甲胺基环硼氮烷聚合前驱体(PBN)进行共聚合制得复合前驱体, 以此为原料采用高压裂解发泡技术制备了一种氮化硼/碳化硅(BN/SiC)复相开孔泡沫陶瓷. 由包含不同比例组分的起始前驱体所制得的泡沫陶瓷的孔隙直径在1~5 mm, 体积密度在0.44~0.73 g/cm³之间. 对该陶瓷材料的微观结构和性能的研究表明, 由于BN相的引入使得BN/SiC复相泡沫陶瓷在800~1100℃的抗氧化性能有了显著的提高; 其压缩强度随着引入BN比例的增加而提高, 约为纯SiC泡沫陶瓷的5~10倍. 其中以组分重量比为1:1的起始复合前驱体所制备BN/SiC复相多孔陶瓷在1500℃时的导热系数仅为4.0 W/(m·K); 对其进行隔热性能测试, 材料热面中心温度为1400℃时, 其背面中心温度仅为280℃; 采用有限差分法数值模拟背部升温历程, 将其有效导热系数代入计算模型, 得到材料背部中心温度升温历程的数值模拟结果, 与实际升温历程基本一致.