石墨烯耐高温红外低发射率涂层制备研究

以改性有机硅树脂为基料,以低熔点玻璃粉为填料,以铝粉、石墨烯为红外低发射率填料,制备出一种能耐400℃的红外低发射率隐身涂料,并探究了填料、助剂等对耐高温涂料的影响规律。结果发现:改性有机硅树脂、玻璃料、石墨烯、铝粉在最优添加比例时,涂层红外发射率为0.35。     

低红外发射率涂层力学寿命预测

采用环氧聚氨酯(EPU)和铝(Al)分别作为粘合剂和填料制备低红外发射率涂层.EPU/Al复合涂层的力学性能通过耐冲击强度实验进行了测试.我们发现,力学性能随着加热温度的升高和时间的延长而下降,涂层的最高耐受温度为573K.此外,采用Arrhenius关系计算了低红外发射率EPU/Al复合涂层在不同马赫数下冲击强度下降至某一水平的力学寿命.与观测数据相比,计算结果验证了模型预测的有效性.目前的工作表明,低红外发射率EPU/Al复合涂层表现出良好的力学寿命,Arrhenius关系是有效的并在工程应用方面表现出潜力.     

红外低发射率涂料的研究进展

介绍了红外低发射率材料研究的理论基础,从组成的角度分析了低发射率涂料的研究进展,并对影响低发射率性能的各种因素进行了讨论分析.     

低红外发射率涂层的力学性能研究

以铝粉为主要填料,以环氧改性有机硅树脂为粘合剂,制备了发射率低至0.10的环氧有机硅低红外发射率涂层.研究了分散剂、滑石粉和固化温度对涂层力学性能的影响,并对其在涂料中的作用机理进行了探讨.结果表明,当滑石粉的质量加入量为2%、分散剂的加入量为2%、热处理温度为200°C时,制得的涂层能在保持低红外发射率的同时具有最佳的力学性能.     

石墨烯对聚氨酯/Al-Sm2O3复合涂层耐盐水性能的影响

以Al粉和Sm_2O_3为功能颜料、聚氨酯(PU)为黏合剂、石墨烯为改性剂,采用刮涂法制备得到了石墨烯改性PU/Al-Sm_2O_3复合涂层。采用扫描电镜、红外发射率测试仪、近红外光谱、涂层力学性能标准测试法,系统研究了石墨烯改性前后涂层经盐水腐蚀不同时间后的微结构、功能特性及力学性能的变化规律,并对其成因进行了分析探讨。结果表明,石墨烯改性涂层经盐水腐蚀不同时间后的外观及表面微结构基本保持完好,体现出了良好的稳定性。经石墨烯改性后涂层相比改性前涂层,其发射率及1.06μm反射率对盐水腐蚀的稳定性明显改善,经盐水腐蚀21 d后发射率仅从腐蚀前的0.623上升为腐蚀后的0.638,1.06μm反射率从腐蚀前的40.8%降低为31.9%。经长时间盐水腐蚀后,改性后涂层比改性前涂层具有更低的发射率和1.06μm反射率。同时,改性后涂层相比改性前涂层可保持更加稳定和优良的力学性能,能更好地满足实际工程应用要求。     

聚氨酯基低红外发射率涂层的力学性能研究

以铝粉为主要填料,聚氨酯为粘合剂,制备了8~14μm波段发射率低至0.10的低红外发射率涂层。研究了基板处理、涂层厚度和固化温度对涂层力学性能的影响,并对其在涂料中的作用机理进行了探讨。结果表明,当基板用偶联剂处理、涂层厚度为30μm、热处理温度为80℃时,制得的涂层能在保持低红外发射率的同时具有最佳的力学性能。     

胶原-氧化铟锡复合红外低发射率涂料的制备及性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备红外低发射率的氧化铟锡(ITO)粉体,用液-液分散法制备了胶原-ITO复合物.以胶原-ITO复合物为颜料,环氧树脂为粘合剂,加入各种助剂,制得胶原-ITO复合红外低发射率涂料,并将涂料制成涂层.试验结果表明:胶原-ITO复合红外低发射率涂料的临界颜料体积(CPVC)为47.5%,涂层的红外发射率(1～22μm,8～14μm,3～5μm)为0.648～0.674,涂层耐温性为354.9℃,硬度、耐磨性、附着力等力学性能良好.     

红外-雷达隐身匹配设计及其兼容特性研究

红外低发射与雷达高损耗兼容隐身特性设计是多频谱隐身材料研究的急需和难点。通过对雷达高损耗材料、红外低发射率材料的电磁参数分析,利用阻抗匹配原理,进行了红外低发射率材料和雷达高损耗材料兼容设计。匹配层插入可以改善其波阻抗匹配特性,实现了红外-雷达兼容隐身特性,其多层结构红外-雷达兼容隐身材料实验性能与模拟结果基本一致。该红外低发射率与雷达高损耗双层兼容隐身材料研究,对工程应用具有一定的参考意义。     

低红外发射率耐高温涂层的制备及机理

以漂浮态铝粉为填料,有机硅树脂作为粘合剂,制备了耐高温低红外发射率涂层。对填料的添加量、涂层的固化温度进行了优化研究,对填料及涂层进行了结构、形貌的表征,并测试了涂层的红外发射率与耐热性能。研究结果表明,填料添加量为30%、400℃固化2h,涂层红外发射率(3～5μm,8～14μm)最低可达0.10～0.12,且涂层可在600℃条件下长时间使用。此外,分析认为涂层发射率的降低是消除粘合剂吸收及致密的片层连续结构两者协同作用的结果,并提出新的涂层结构模型对低发射率机理进行了阐述。     

TiO2／TiN／PI低红外发射率迷彩薄膜制备及其特性研究

采用多弧离子镀在聚酰亚胺(PI)基底上制备了TnO2/TiN低红外发射率迷彩薄膜,通过控制溅射的时间,使制备出的薄膜在可见波段具有各种丰富的颜色效果,使其具有迷彩特性,通过制备工艺的优化使其在8μm.14μm波段具有较低的红外发射率.采用扫描电镜、红外辐射率测量仪、紫外一可见一近红外光光度计等测试手段对薄膜样品进行了表征.实验结果表明,采用多弧离子镀成功的在PI基底上制备了具有多种颜色的发射率最低0.27的低红外发射率薄膜.     

低红外发射率水性聚氨酯/青铜复合涂层的制备及性能表征

为改善传统低红外发射率聚氨酯(PU)/青铜复合涂层的环保性能,以自制水性聚氨酯(WPU)为黏合剂,片状青铜粉为功能颜料,采用简单的刮涂法制备了具有低发射率、低光泽特性和良好力学性能的绿色环保型WPU/青铜复合涂层;系统地研究了固化温度、青铜粉添加量及交联剂对涂层性能的影响规律。结果表明:该涂层的发射率和光泽度均随着固化温度的升高而逐渐降低,较高的固化温度有利于实现涂层的低发射率和低光泽特性;随着青铜粉添加量的增加,涂层发射率呈先降低后升高的趋势,涂层光泽度呈逐渐降低并趋于稳定的变化规律;水性交联剂的使用可明显提高涂层的硬度,当交联剂添加量为3%(质量分数)时,涂层具有良好的综合性能,发射率和光泽度可分别低至0.269和6.4,硬度、附着力和耐冲击强度可分别达到3H、1级和500N·cm。     

高温红外低发射率涂层研究现状

随着红外探测技术的飞速发展,武器装备被发现即被摧毁已成事实,因此通过提升武器装备的红外隐身性能来提高其生存与突防能力具有重要意义。红外低发射率涂层技术利用表面涂层技术在目标表面涂覆低发射率涂层,从而降低目标表面发射率,是提高其红外隐身性能的一种简单、有效的方法。飞行器速度的不断提升要求红外低发射率涂层在高温环境中仍具有优异的低发射率特性与高温稳定性,本文重点介绍了高温红外低发射率涂层研究现状,分析了现有涂层技术的特点及其高温应用前景。     

CR/PU共混粘合剂红外透明性对涂层发射率的影响

用氯丁橡胶(CR)共混聚氨酯(PU)制备了不同红外透明性的粘合剂,并分别添加不同含量的铜粉等填料,制得不同发射率的红外隐身涂层。对粘合剂的红外光谱、发射率及涂层的发射率、微观形貌等进行了分析。结果表明,随粘合剂中聚氨酯含量的增大,粘合剂的透明性变差、发射率增大,涂层的发射率也增大;当铜粉添加量较大时,涂层发射率较小,粘合剂的红外透明性对涂层发射率的影响也相对小一些;并着重对其原因进行了分析。     

多波段伪装隐身涂层织物的制备研究与应用

采用着色颜料、红外低发射率填料、水性聚氨酯树脂等制备水性多波段伪装涂料,采用刮涂工艺,制备可见光/近红外/热红外多波段伪装涂层织物。通过双波段发射率测量仪、光谱反射率测试仪、光泽度仪等测试手段对涂层的红外发射率、光谱反射率、镜面光泽度等性能进行了表征,此外还对涂层的理化及环境性能进行了测试。结果表明:涂层的颜色满足《GJB 1082—1991伪装网用颜色》的要求,近红外光谱反射特性在380~1100nm范围内与应用背景基本实现了"同色同谱",不同颜色斑块的发射率梯度在0.13以上,在红外成像下能够形成有效的梯度分割,与应用背景具有较好的融合效果,具有可见光/近红外/热红外隐身性能,各项指标均达到了实用要求。     

The anti-oxidation behavior and infrared emissivity property of SiC/ZrSiO4–SiO2 coating

In order to improve the oxidation resistance and decrease the infrared emissivity of carbon/carbon(C/C) composites, the SiC and SiC/ZrSiO₄–SiO₂ (SZS) coating were prepared by pack cementation and slurry painting method. The phase compositions and microstructures of the as-prepared coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer. The anti-oxidation property, failure and infrared emissivity of single SiC coating and SZS coating were investigated. The results show that the weight loss of single SiC coated sample reached 2.1 ± 0.025 % after 58 h isothermal oxidation at 1,500 °C. While the SZS coating exhibits superior oxidation resistance and can protect C/C matrix from oxidation for more than 198 h with a weight-gain of 3.67 ± 0.025 %. The failure mechanisms of single SiC coating are mainly resulting from unself-healing defects caused by the CO₂ gas which generated during the oxidation process of SiC. The investigation of infrared emissivity property reveals that, the infrared emissivity of SZS coating increases gradually from 0.45 to 0.72 between 3 and 14 μm. The infrared emissivity at 500 °C increases gradually from 0.2 to 0.65 between 3 and 14 μm. The coupled effect between dipole moments and lattice vibration in higher temperature becomes weaker, which in turn lead to the reducing of infrared emissivity in turn. From the anti-oxidation and infrared emissivity property point of view, the SZS coating may be one of the most promising candidates for the anti-oxidation at high temperature and low infrared emissivity of C/C composite.     

Ge/ZnS一维光子晶体的设计、制备及低红外发射率性能

通过从理论上分析介质层厚度、不同介质材料的折射率差及周期数对一维光子晶体红外发射率的影响规律,设计得到了可实现8~14μm波段低红外发射率性能的Ge/ZnS一维光子晶体。随后采用光学镀膜技术在石英基片上通过交替沉积Ge层和ZnS层的方法制得所设计的一维光子晶体,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)及傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分别对其微结构及光谱发射率进行了系统研究。结果表明,所制备一维光子晶体在8~14μm波段具有低红外发射率性能,其平均发射率可低至0.195。采用Ge、ZnS等无机半导体材料,通过合理的一维光子晶体设计同样可以获得低至0.2以下的红外发射率。     

Infrared emitting properties and environmental stability performance of aluminum/polymer composite coating

In this paper, the aluminum/polymer composite coating was prepared and the infrared emitting properties and environmental stability performance of the as-prepared coating were studied. The factors, such as polymer binders, pigment/binder ratios, preparation technology and coating thickness were investigated in detail. Firstly, the study of the polymer binders indicated that modified fluorocarbon resin was the best candidate due to its low infrared emissivity and well-performed physical and chemical properties. Secondly, the optimal pigment/binder ratio was 1.25:1. Thirdly, the optimum coating thickness was 75 μm and the scrape coating method was suitable to prepare the coating. Finally, the optimized aluminum/polymer composite coating showed low infrared emissivity of 0.31. The adhesive force of the coating was first grade and the impact resistance was more than 50 kg cm. In addition, it exhibited excellent salt, acid and alkali resistance. The as-prepared aluminum/polymer composite coating can be used as infrared stealth coating in the wavelength of 8–14 μm.     

Effect of surface modification of Cu with Ag by ball-milling on the corrosion resistance of low infrared emissivity coating

The corrosion resistance of low infrared emissivity copper/polyurethane (Cu/PU) coating was markedly improved by surface modification of Cu with silver (Ag) using a ball-milling method. For the purpose of clarifying the effect of the surface modification, the phase and morphology of as-prepared products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the corrosion behavior was investigated with potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). As a result, it was found that Ag was homogeneously distributed in Cu and the encapsulation of oil layer on the surface of Ag–Cu composite powders was formed after ball-milling, therefore, compatibility with organic phase was improved, which often keeps the low infrared emissivity and enhances the anti-corrosion performance of the coating.