同源密码中Montgomery模型的w-坐标研究

椭圆曲线群律计算是传统椭圆曲线密码(ECC)的核心运算,同时也是基于同源的后量子密码计算中的重要组成部分。Montgomery曲线上的Montgomery ladder算法是一种高效(伪)群律计算方法,且经常用于预防侧信道攻击。Farashahi和Hosseini在ACISP 2017提出了Edwards曲线模型上的w-坐标可得到类似Montgomery ladder算法以进行群律计算,Kim等人在ASIACRYPT 2019将其用于优化奇数次同源计算。随后,不同曲线模型上的w-坐标陆续被提出用于优化同源计算。本质上,w-坐标是关于传统椭圆曲线有理点(x,y)-坐标的有理函数。与标准(x,y)-坐标相比,w-坐标不仅可以节约椭圆曲线群律和同源计算的计算量,还可以减少带宽。Hisil和Renes在ACM TOMS 2019提出可利用加2阶点得到更多的w-坐标。受此启发,本文提出利用Montgomery曲线上的2-同源构造出3类新的w-坐标,与x-坐标相同的是,均可应用于Montgomery ladder算法和奇数次同源计算的优化。同时,w-坐标在计算奇数次同源中,同源映射像曲线系数计算公式与像点公式类似,可利用SIMD指令集将两者并行化处理,从而得到相关计算的进一步加速。最后,由于Edwards,Huff,Jacobi等曲线模型在某些条件下可与Montgomery模型建立双有理等价,因此可由Montgomery曲线上新的w-坐标开发出其他曲线模型上更多的w-坐标,它们将有可能支持同源密码实现中更有效的算法。     

面向不平衡数据的分类算法

不平衡数据在分类时往往会偏向"多数"，传统过采样生成的样本不能较好的表达原始数据集分布特征.改进的变分自编码器结合数据预处理方法，通过少数类样本训练，使用变分自编码器的生成器生成样本，用于以均衡训练数据集，从而解决传统采样导致的不平衡数据引起分类过拟合问题.我们在UCI四个常用的数据集上进行了实验，结果表明该算法在保证准确率的同时提高了F_measure和G_mean.     

在消息传递并行机上的高效的最小生成树算法

基于传统的Borǔ vka串行最小生成树算法,提出了一个在消息传递并行机上的高效的最小生成树算法.并且采用3种方法来提高该算法的效率,即通过两趟合并及打包收缩的方法来减少通信开销,通过平衡数据分布的办法使各个处理器的计算量平衡.该算法的计算和通信复杂度分别为O(n²/p)和O((t_sp+t_wn)n/p).在曙光-1000并行机上运行的实际效果是,对于有10 000个顶点的稀疏图,通过16个节点的运行加速比是12.     

有关时间自动机重置的若干问题的计算复杂性

自动机的重置序列也称为同步序列,具有以下特性：有限自动机通过运行重置序列w,可从任意一个未知的或无法观测到的状态q₀到达某个特定状态q_w.这仅依赖于w,而与开始运行w时的状态q₀无关.这一特性可用于部分可观察的复杂系统的自动恢复,而无需重启,甚至有时不能重启.基于此,重置问题自出现以来便得到关注和持续研究.最近几年,它被扩展到可以描述诸如分布式、嵌入式实时系统等复杂系统的无限状态模型上,比如时间自动机和寄存器自动机等.以时间自动机的重置问题的计算复杂性为研究对象,发现重置问题与可达性问题有着紧密的联系.主要贡献是：（1）利用时间自动机可达性问题的最新成果,完善完全的确定的时间自动机重置问题的计算复杂性结论;（2）对部分规约的确定的时间自动机,研究得出,即使在输入字母表大小减至2的情况下,其复杂性仍是PSPACE-完全的;特别地,在单时钟情况下是NLOGSPACE-完全的;（3）对完全的非确定的时间自动机,研究得出其D_i-可重置问题（i=1,2,3）是不可判定的,其重置问题与非确定的寄存器自动机重置问题在指数时间可以相互归约,通过证明指数时间归约相对高复杂性类具有封闭性,利用非确定的寄存器自动机的结论得出单时钟的时间自动机的重置问题是Ackermann-完全的、限界的重置问题是NEXPTIME-完全的.这些复杂性结论,说明关于时间自动机的重置问题大都是难解的,一方面,为时间系统的可重置性的检测和求解奠定坚实的理论基础,另一方面,为以后寻找具有高效算法的特殊结构的时间系统（即具有高效算法的问题子类）给予理论指导.     

PRAM和LARPBS模型上有向序列翻转距离并行算法

分别在两种重要并行计算模型中给出计算有向基因组排列的反转距离新的并行算法.基于Hannenhalli和Pevzner理论,分3个主要部分设计并行算法:构建断点图、计算断点图中圈数、计算断点图中障碍的数目.在CREW-PRAM模型上,算法使用O(n²)处理器,时间复杂度为O(log²n);在基于流水光总线的可重构线性阵列系统(linear array with a reconfigurable pipelined bus system, LARPBS)模型上,算法使用O(n³)处理器,计算时间复杂度为O(logn).     

六边形稀疏网格上的FFT算法

稀疏网格是一种具有特殊分层插值性质的非均匀网格形式,稀疏网格上的离散傅立叶变换算法称为Hyperbolic Cross FFT算法.这一算法能够有效降低采样点数量,并将指数时间复杂度的d维DFT算法降低到O(Nlog^dN)^[10].六边形网格是另一种具有特殊性质的网格,具有在采样点数量较少和采样效率较高等优势.本文的研究工作主要集中在将六边形网格和稀疏网格相结合,构造六边形稀疏网格上的FFT算法.通过定义六边形和方形网格下标之间的转换,实现了六边形稀疏网格上的FFT算法,并通过数值实验证明了这一算法的有效性.     

RB模型实例集上置信传播算法的收敛性

置信传播算法求解RB（k,n,α,r_c,p）模型实例时非常有效,几乎能够有效求解接近可满足性相变点的难解实例.然而,因子图带有回路的实例,置信传播算法不总有效,常表现为不收敛.对于这种现象,至今缺少系统的理论解释.置信传播算法是最为基础的信息传播算法,对置信传播算法的收敛性分析是其他信息传播算法收敛性分析的重要基础.在RB（k,n,α,r_c,p）模型中,取k=2,α>（1/k）,r_c>0均为常数,且满足ke^{-（α/（r_c））}≥1.证明了如果p∈（0,n^-2α）,则置信传播算法在RB（k,n,α,r_c,p）模型产生的随机实例集上高概率收敛.最后,在RB（k,n,α,r_c,p）模型上选取了几组不同的数据进行数值模拟,实验结果表明该结论有效.当问题规模n增大时,在RB（k,n,α,r_c,p）模型的可满足区域,实验收敛区间趋于一个固定范围,而理论收敛区间逐渐变窄.原因在于,RB（k,n,α,r_c,p）模型是一个具有增长定义域的随机CSP实例产生模型,不协调赋值的数目与参数p及问题规模n有关.     

背包问题的最优并行算法

利用分治策略,提出一种基于SIMD共享存储计算机模型的并行背包问题求解算法.算法允许使用O(2^n/4)^1-ε个并行处理机单元,0≤ε≤1,O(2^n/2)个存储单元,在O(2^n/4(2^n/4)^ε)时间内求解n维背包问题,算法的成本为O(2^n/2).将提出的算法与已有文献结论进行对比表明,该算法改进了已有文献的相应结果,是求解背包问题的成本最优并行算法.同时还指出了相关文献主要结论的错误.     

基于维纳滤波器和生成对抗网络的动态模糊图像处理方法

在傅里叶频域中，由于逆滤波对加性噪声特别敏感，使得恢复后的图像仍然非常模糊.针对这一问题，我们提出了一种基于维纳滤波器和生成对抗网络的动态模糊图像处理方法.首先使用维纳滤波去模糊算法，通过均方差最小化去除噪声，但由于无法判断拍摄装置的移动范围并未得到预期效果.再考虑使用自由性强、不受预定条件分布的生成对抗网络模型（GAN）.定义一个类生成器G（y）和类判别器D（x），通过机器学习的方式进行反复学习和反馈，直至达到模型无法判别生成数据样本S（y）和真实数据样本r（x）时，图像近似还原成功.同时，引入“模糊核”概念，模拟图像的模糊轨迹，进行精确还原.最后，由于肉眼很难对图像的还原程度做定量判断.因此我们利用三个评价指标对这些图像进行客观评价——峰值性噪比PSNR、模糊系数KBlur、质量因素Q.实验结果表明，在该方法下的图像的三个评价指标在一定程度上有所改善，从而得到图像还原较为成功的结论.     

背包类问题的并行O(25n/6)时间-空间-处理机折衷

将串行动态二表算法应用于并行三表算法的设计中,提出一种求解背包、精确的可满足性和集覆盖等背包类NP完全问题的并行三表六子表算法.基于EREW-PRAM模型,该算法可使用O(2^n/8)的处理机在O(2^7n/16)的时间和O(2^13n/48)的空间求解n维背包类问题,其时间-空间-处理机折衷为O(2^5n/6).与现有文献的性能对比分析表明,该算法极大地提高了并行求解背包类问题的时间-空间-处理机折衷性能.由于该算法能够破解更高维数的背包类公钥和数字水印系统,其结论在密钥分析领域具有一定的理论和实际意义.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。