超声波辅助提取莲子心总黄酮的响应面优化

研究超声波辅助提取莲子心总黄酮的最佳工艺条件。单因素试验考察乙醇体积分数、超声温度、超声功率、料液比、超声时间对总黄酮提取得率的影响,在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Benhnken响应曲面法考察乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声温度及其交互作用对总黄酮得率的影响。利用软件Design Expert 6.0.1对试验数据进行回归分析,得到二次多项式回归方程预测模型。结果表明,莲子心总黄酮的提取工艺最佳条件为乙醇体积分数80%,料液比1∶16(g/m L),超声温度50℃,超声功率120 W,超声时间20 min,此条件下总黄酮的提取得率为3.071 5%,与预测值基本一致。     

响应面法优化复合酶辅助超声波提取柚子皮总黄酮工艺

本研究以马家柚柚子皮为研究对象,采用复合酶法辅助超声波法优化了柚子皮中总黄酮的提取工艺。首先研究复合酶(纤维素酶:果胶酶)的配比、复合酶的用量、pH、料液比、酶解温度、酶解时间、超声功率和超声时间共8个要素因子对柚子皮中总黄酮得率的影响。在此基础上,先选用Plackett-Burnman试验设计确定了具有显著性影响的因子为:复合酶的用量、酶解温度、超声功率和超声时间,再选用Box-Behnken试验设计优化了柚子皮中的总黄酮提取条件。结果表明,酶法辅助超声波法提取柚子皮中总黄酮的提取条件为:复合酶的配比(纤维素酶:果胶酶)为3:2、复合酶的用量1.70%、pH4.5、料液比1:20 g/mL、酶解温度55.0℃、酶解时间60 min、超声功率183.00 W、超声时间41.00 min,在此条件下柚子皮中总黄酮得率为2.19%。     

酶法-超声波辅助提取香椿叶中总黄酮及抗氧化活性研究

研究了酶法-超声波辅助提取香椿叶总黄酮的工艺条件及其抗氧化活性。通过Plackett-Burman筛选出影响最显著的三个因素:纤维素酶用量、p H和超声提取功率,进行三因素三水平的响应面实验,优化了香椿叶总黄酮的酶法-超声波提取工艺条件,以香椿叶总黄酮提取液清除羟自由基和DPPH自由基来评价其抗氧化活性。得到的最佳工艺参数为:酶解温度和超声提取温度均为60℃,料液比1∶30 g/m L,乙醇体积分数70%,超声提取时间40 min,纤维素酶用量8 mg/g,p H=5.6,超声提取功率为220 W,此条件下香椿叶总黄酮得率达到33.166 mg/g。抗氧化结果表明香椿叶总黄酮具有一定的抗氧化能力,香椿叶总黄酮提取液对羟自由基和DPPH自由基清除率的IC50分别为22.85、53.74μg/m L。     

红油椿老叶中黄酮的酶法-超声波提取及HPLC测定

为研究酶法-超声波辅助提取红油椿老叶总黄酮工艺参数,以总黄酮得率为指标,经单因素试验筛选出影响总黄酮得率的4个因素:酶添加量、p H值、超声温度、料液比,并采用响应面试验优化提取工艺条件,并建立红油椿老叶中黄酮的高效液相色谱测定方法。结果表明,红油椿老叶总黄酮提取最佳工艺为纤维素酶添加量0.6%、p H 4.6、45℃酶解120 min,再经60%乙醇溶液、料液比1∶25(g/mL),超声功率140 W、超声温度62℃条件下提取40 min,连续提取2次,红油椿老叶总黄酮得率为14.98%。与酶法提取相比,酶法联合超声波法提取明显提高了总黄酮得率。高效液相色谱法测定结果表明,红油椿老叶总黄酮粗提物中含有芦丁、槲皮素和山柰酚,质量分数分别为0.16%、0.06%、0.03%。     

复合酶辅助超声提取西藏芜菁总黄酮工艺优化及抗氧化活性分析

以西藏芜菁为原料,研究复合酶辅助超声法提取芜菁中总黄酮的最佳工艺条件及其抗氧化活性。以总黄酮得率为考察指标,通过Plackett-Burman实验筛选出对得率影响最显著的三个因素:复合酶配比、料液比及超声功率。随后通过响应面法优化芜菁总黄酮的提取工艺,同时通过DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基清除实验评估了芜菁总黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果表明,复合酶辅助超声法提取芜菁总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:复合酶配比为1.9:1 g/g,复合酶用量为2%,料液比为1:38 g/mL,乙醇浓度为75%,酶解温度为50℃,酶解时间为55 min,超声功率为204 W,超声时间为60 min,在此条件下总黄酮得率达到最大值1.458%。抗氧化实验结果表明芜菁总黄酮对DPPH自由基清除的IC₅₀为185.6 μg/mL,对ABTS+自由基清除的IC₅₀为164.3 μg/mL,说明芜菁总黄酮具有体外抗氧化活性。综上,本研究得到了复合酶辅助超声法提取芜菁总黄酮的最佳工艺条件,且提取得到的芜菁总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化活性,为西藏芜菁的开发及利用提供了一定的科学依据。     

响应面法优化超声协同复合酶分步提取恰玛古多糖工艺

以恰玛古多糖得率为指标,在超声提取及复合酶酶解单因素实验基础上,采用响应面法探究超声协同复合酶分步提取恰玛古多糖的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,超声协同复合酶分步提取恰玛古多糖的最佳提取工艺为:液料比33:1 mL/g,超声温度62℃,超声功率250 W,超声提取43 min后加入2.5%的复合酶(纤维素酶:木瓜蛋白酶:果胶酶=1:1:1,质量比),酶解pH5.4,酶解温度50℃,酶解时间52 min,在此条件下,恰玛古多糖得率为12.62%±0.18%。超声协同复合酶提取恰玛古多糖的得率较高,且工艺简便易行,适用于恰玛古多糖的提取。     

响应面法优化密蒙花总黄酮的超声提取工艺

优化超声提取密蒙花总黄酮的工艺条件,在单因素试验基础上,考察乙醇体积分数、超声功率和提取温度3个因素对密蒙花总黄酮提取率的影响,并通过Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面分析法确定超声提取密蒙花总黄酮的最佳工艺条件。结果表明：最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数62%、超声功率410W、提取温度77℃、液料比50:1(mL/g)、提取时间35min,在此最佳提取条件下,总黄酮提取率为20.38%。     

响应面优化牡丹籽壳总黄酮超声波提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

采用超声波法提取牡丹籽壳中总黄酮。通过单因素试验分别考察乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声功率、超声时间、提取温度对总黄酮得率的影响,在此基础上采用响应面法优化超声波提取工艺条件。以抗氧化剂V_C为对照,采用DPPH法测定牡丹籽壳总黄酮的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:超声波提取牡丹籽壳总黄酮最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数60%、料液比1∶50、超声功率250 W、超声时间50 min、提取温度40℃,在此条件下牡丹籽壳总黄酮得率为13.66%;牡丹籽壳总黄酮对DPPH自由基的清除能力优于V_C,且其抗氧化活性与质量浓度呈一定的量效关系。     

滇黄芩总黄酮酶解超声提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

该文研究了滇黄芩总黄酮酶解超声提取的工艺条件及总黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果表明,纤维素酶解超声工艺对滇黄芩总黄酮的提取具有协同作用,提高总黄酮提取得率。在超声功率100 W条件下,通过单因素和正交试验,得出酶解超声最佳工艺条件为提取时间4 h、乙醇体积分数55%、加酶量50 U/g（干原料）、液料比30∶1（mL∶g）、提取温度50 ℃,在此条件下,平均提取得率为24.03%。抗氧化实验研究表明,滇黄芩总黄酮对超氧阴离子和羟自由基的清除率IC50分别为0.14 mg/mL、0.20 mg/mL。     

喜盐草总黄酮超声波辅助提取工艺的优化

应用超声波法,以乙醇为溶剂,考察乙醇体积分数、超声功率、超声时间和固液比对喜盐草总黄酮得率的影响,并在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交实验,确定了超声辅助提取喜盐草总黄酮的工艺。结果表明:乙醇体积分数、超声功率、超声时间对喜盐草总黄酮得率均有影响,影响得率大小的次序依次为超声功率超声时间乙醇体积分数,超声功率对得率有显著影响。优化的超声辅助提取喜盐草总黄酮的工艺为:乙醇体积分数为55%,超声功率为420W,超声时间为8 min。在此提取条件下,喜盐草总黄酮得率为(1.73±0.03)%。选取超声波法辅助提取喜盐草总黄酮切实可行。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the